Análise da força muscular expiratória e respiração espontânea de indivíduos em ventilação mecânica
estudo transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/17011525032018Palavras-chave:
Músculos Abdominais, Debilidade Muscular, Desmame do Respirador, Modalidades de Fisioterapia, Cuidados CríticosResumo
Os músculos da expiração têm funções em todo o ciclo respiratório, mas não são frequentemente avaliados no desmame da ventilação mecânica. Assim, revisões e consensos não mencionam a pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) e o treino expiratório. Objetivou-se investigar a relação da força muscular expiratória com a respiração espontânea de indivíduos ventilados mecanicamente. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com participantes de 18 a 79 anos de idade. Foram formados os grupos PEmáx satisfatória (GPES) e PEmáx baixa (GPEB) conforme o ponto de corte de 55cmH2O e comparados a parâmetros de desmame. O GPES (n=9) teve desempenho superior ao do GPEB (n=21) no índice de respiração rápida e superficial (IRRS) (40,6±17,6rpm/L e 75,3±44,1rpm/L, respectivamente; p=0,022) e na frequência respiratória (f) (19,1±6,2rpm e 26,1±9,4rpm; p=0,044). A prevalência de PEmáx satisfatória foi pequena, observada no tamanho dos grupos. Além disso, embora a PEmáx percentual do valor predito tenha sido menor no GPEB, como esperado (67,2±15,4% vs. 45,8±14,7%; p=0,001), a pressão inspiratória máxima percentual não diferiu significantemente (82,4±21,8% vs. 67,8±18,4%; p=0,077). A PEmáx se correlacionou moderadamente com o IRRS (r=–0,406; p=0,026) e com a f (r=–0,426; p=0,017). Conclui-se que a PEmáx≥55cmH2 O esteve associada à melhores valores no IRRS e na f, e que a redução da força muscular expiratória foi mais prevalente e severa que a da força muscular inspiratória.
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