Micronutrientes no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil

Autores

  • Dixis Figueroa Pedraza
  • Daiane de Queiroz

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.20005

Palavras-chave:

micronutrientes, crescimento, desenvolvimento infantil, desenvolvimento cognitivo, zinco, ferro, vitamina A

Resumo

OBJETIVO: abordar a importância dos micronutrientes zinco, ferro e vitamina A no crescimento linear e desenvolvimento infantil. MÉTODO: foram consultadas as bases de dados Medline e LILACS utilizando duas estratégias de busca: i) growth AND zinc AND iron AND vitamin A AND child, preschool OR infant, para o tema micronutrientes e crescimento; e ii) child development AND zinc AND iron AND vitamin A, para o tema micronutrientes e desenvolvimento. Os artigos foram classificados quanto ao tipo de manuscrito e principais resultados. RESULTADOS: foram incluídos 19 artigos referentes ao crescimento e 5 artigos referentes ao desenvolvimento. DISCUSSÃO: considerando as prevalências, sugere-se que as deficiências de ferro e zinco devem contribuir, concurrentemente, com o déficit de estatura. O papel do zinco no sistema hormonal primário justifica ser o nutriente de maior importância no crescimento, afetando a estatura das crianças tanto em estados de deficiência leve como moderada. Evidências fisiológicas e experimentais colocam a importância dos micronutrientes ferro e zinco no desenvolvimento e déficit cognitivo nos primeiros anos da vida. Apesar disso, os resultados ainda não são conclusivos. Pensa-se que o zinco pode limitar processos neuropsicológicos específicos, já o ferro é essencial para o funcionamento do sistema neuro-transmissor. Estudar o efeito das deficiências de micronutrientes no desenvolvimento apresenta vários problemas metodológicos e analíticos. O crescimento e desenvolvimento representam um processo com determinação comum no qual a deficiência de zinco pode representar a forma mais comum em que o crescimento linear poderia ser utilizado como um bom preditor de desenvolvimento cognitivo.

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Publicado

2011-04-01

Edição

v. 21 n. 1 (2011)

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