Slavery and Athens’ Economic Efflorescence

Mill Slavery as a Case Study

Autores

  • Jason Douglas Porter Universidade de Nottingham

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v10i2p25-50

Palavras-chave:

Slavery, Institutions, Economic Growth, Milling, Exploitation

Resumo

Following a recent wave of literature arguing for significant growth in the ancient Greek economy, several ground-breaking books have sought to explain this phenomenon through the lens of New Institutional Economics (NIE). The undeniable prevalence of slavery throughout ancient Greek history, however, has not been substantially integrated into these new analyses. This essay intends to address this problem, by elucidating some of the ways in which slavery contributed to the economic efflorescence of Greece’s late archaic and classical period (600–300 BC) within an institutionally focused approach. Examining specifically the state of Athens, this study contends that not only did the system of slavery import a vast amount of labour from other areas of the Mediterranean into the Athenian polity, but it also directed labour towards economically productive aims that were otherwise  limited by Athens’ societal framework. The use of slaves in milling operations provides a key and often overlooked example, which will here be used as a case study.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

Acton, P. Poiesis: Manufacturing in Classical Athens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Arafat, K. and C. Morgan. “Pots and Potters in Athens and Corinth: A Review”, OJA, 8, 1989, 311–346.

Audring, G. “Über den Gutsverwalter (Epitropos) in der Attischen Landwirtschaft des 5. und 4. Jh. v.u.Z”, Klio, 55, 1973, 109-116.

Austin, M. M. and P. Vidal-Naquet. Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece: An Introduction. London: University of California Press, 1977.

Bresson, A. The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy: Institutions, Markets and Growth in the City States. Translated by S. Randall, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.

Brunet, M. “Le Moulin Delién”. In Meeks, D. and D. Garcia (eds.). Techniques et Économie Antiques et Médiéval: Le Temps de l’Innovation. Paris: 1997, 29–38.

Christesen, P. “Economic Rationalism in Fourth-Century BCE Athens”. G&R, 50, 2003, 31-56.

Cohen, E. E. Athenian Economy and Society: A Banking Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Cohen, E. E. “Free and Unfree Sexual Work: An Economic Analysis of Athenian Prostitution”. In Faraone, C. A. and L. K. McClure (eds.). Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006, 95–124.

Cohen, E. E. “Slaves Operating Businesses: Legal Ramifications for Ancient Athens – and for Modern Scholarship”. In Perlman, P. (ed.). Ancient Greek Law in the 21st Century. Austin: University of Texan Press, 2018, 54–69.

Curtis, R. I. Ancient Food and Technology. Leiden: Brill, 2001.

Davies, J. K. Athenian Propertied Families: 600-300 B.C. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1971.

Davies, J. K. “Linear and Nonlinear Flow Models for Ancient Economies”. In J. G. Manning and I. Morris (eds.). The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005, 127–156.

Davies, J. K. “Classical Greece: Production”. In Scheidel et al (2007), 333–361.

De Ste. Croix, G. E. M. The Class Struggle in the Ancient World: From the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests. London: Cornell University Press, 1981.

Droß-Krüpe, K., Föllinger, S., and K. Ruffing (eds.). Antike Wirtschaft und ihre Kulturelle Prägung. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2016.

Fenoaltea, S. “Slavery and Supervision in Comparative Perspective: A Model”. The Journal of Economic History, 44, 1984, 635-668.

Finley, M. I. “Was Greek Civilisation Based on Slave Labour?”, Historia, 8, 1959, 145-164.

Finley, M. I. The Ancient Economy. London: University of California Press, 1973.

Finley, M. I. Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology. London, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1980.

Fisher, N. Slavery in Classical Greece. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1993.

Foxhall, L. Olive Cultivation in Ancient Greece: Seeking the Ancient Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Frier, B. W. and D. P. Kehoe. “Law and Economic Institutions”. In Scheidel et al (2007), 113–143.

Halstead, P. Two Oxen Ahead: Pre-Mechanized Farming in the Greek in the Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Hansen, M. H. Apagoge, Endeixis, and Ephegisis against Kakourgoi, Atimoi and Pheugontes. Odense: Odense University Press, 1976.

Harper, K. “Slave Prices in Late Antiquity (and in the Very Long Term)”, Historia, 59, 2010, 206-238.

Harris, E. M. “Did Solon Abolish Debt Bondage?”, CQ, 52, 2002a, 415–30.

Harris, E. M. “Workshop, Marketplace and Household: The Nature of Technical Specialization in Classical Athens and its Influence on Economy and Society”. In Cartledge, P., Cohen E. and L. Foxhall (eds.). Money, Land and Labour: Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greece. London, 2002b, 67-99.

Harris, E. M. “Were there Business Agents in Classical Greece? The Evidence of Some Lead Letters”. In U. Yiftach-Firanko (ed.). The Letter: Law, State, Society and the Epistolary Format in the Ancient World. Wiesbaden, 2013a, 105–124.

Harris, E.M. “Finley’s Studies in Land and Credit sixty years later”, DIKE, 16, 2013b, 123-46.

Harris, E. M. “The Legal Foundations of Economic Growth in Ancient Greece: The Role of Property Records”. In Harris, E. M., Lewis D. M. and M. Woolmer (eds.). The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, 116–146.

Harris, E. M. and Lewis, D. M. “Introduction”. In Harris, E. M., Lewis D. M. and M. Woolmer (eds.). The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, 1-37.

Harrison, A. R. W. The Law of Athens: Family and Property. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.

Hunt, P. “Ancient Greece as a ‘Slave Society’”. In Lenski, N. and C. M. Cameron (eds.). What is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, 61–85.

Hunter, V. “Constructing the Body of the Citizen: Corporal Punishment in Classical Athens”. Classical Views, n.s. 11, 1992, 271–91.

Hunter, V. Policing Athens: Social Control in the Attic Lawsuits. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Hunter, V. “Introduction: Status Distinctions in Athenian Law”. In Hunter, V. and J. Edmondson (eds.) Law and Social Status in Classical Athens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 1-29.

Ismard, P. Democracy’s Slaves: A Political History of Ancient Greece. Translated by J. M. Todd. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2017.

Jameson, M. “Agriculture and Slavery in Classical Athens”, CJ, 73, 1977/8, 122-145.

Jameson, M. “Agricultural Labour in Ancient Greece”, in Wells, B. (ed.) Agriculture in Ancient Greece: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens. Stockholm: Svenska Institutet i Athen, 1992, 136-146.

Klees, H. Sklavenleben im Klassischen Griechenland. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998.

Kron, G. Landed and Commercial Wealth at Classical Athens 500–300 B.C., PhD thesis, Classics, Department of Classics, University of Toronto, 1996.

Lenski, N. “Ancient Slaveries and Modern Ideology”. In Lenski, N. and C. M. Cameron (eds.) What is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, 106–147.

Lewis, D. “Near Eastern Slaves in Classical Attica and the Slave Trade within the Persian Empire”. CQ, 61, 2011, 91-113.

Lewis, D. “The Market for Slaves in the Fifth- and Fourth-Century Aegean: Achaemenid Anatolia as a Case Study”. In Harris, E. M., Lewis D. M. and M. Woolmer (eds.). The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, 316–336.

Lewis, D. “Review of A. Bresson: The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy: Institutions, Markets and Growth in the City-States”. JHS, 2017, 137: 240–1.

Lewis, D. Greek Slave Systems in their Eastern Mediterranean Context: C. 800-146 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Lewis, D. “Labour and Employment”. In Niels, J. and D. Rogers (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Athens, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (Forthcoming A).

Lewis, D. “Occupational Hazards: Assessing the Degree of Specialisation of Labour in the Classical Athenian Economy”. In E. M. Harris, D. M. Lewis and E. Stewart (eds.) [title still not set], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (Forthcoming B).

Lind, H. Die Gerber Kleon in der “Rittern” des Aristophanes: Studien zur Demagogenkomödie. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1990.

Lohmann, H. “Agriculture and Country Life in Classical Athens”. In B. Wells (ed.) Agriculture in Ancient Greece: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens. Stockholm: Svenska Institutet i Athen, 1992, 29-57.

Loomis, W. T. Wages, Welfare Costs and Inflation in Classical Athens. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.

MacDowell, D. M. Demosthenes, Speeches 27-38. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004.

Meikle, S. “Modernism, Economics, and the Ancient Economy”. PCPhS, 41, 1996, 174-191.

Millar, F. “Condemnation to Hard Labour in the Roman Empire, from the Julio-Claudians to Constantine”. PBSR, 52, 1984, 127–147.

Millet, P. “Productive to some Purpose: The Problem of Ancient Economic Growth”. In Mattingly, D. J. and J. Salmon (eds.) Economies beyond Agriculture in the Classical World, London: Routledge, 2001, 17–48.

Mirhady, D. C. “The Athenian Rationale for Torture”. In Hunter, V. and J. Edmondson (eds.) Law and Social Status in Classical Athens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 53-74.

Moreno, A. Feeding the Democracy: The Athenian Grain Supply in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Ndoye, M. Groupes Sociaux et Idéologie du Travail dans les Mondes Homérique et Hésiodique. Besançon: Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté 2010.

Ober, J. The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2016.

Osborne, R. “The Economics and Politics of Slavery at Athens”. In Powell, A. (ed.) The Greek World. London: Routledge, 1995, 27–43.

Rihll, T. “Making Money in Classical Athens”. In Mattingly, D. J. and J. Salmon (eds.) Economies beyond Agriculture in the Classical World, London: Routledge, 2001, 115–142.

Rostroff, S. I., “Review of P. Acton, Poiesis: Manufacturing in Classical Athens”. BMCRev, 2015.

Roy, J. “‘Polis’ and ‘Oikos’ in Classical Athens” G&R, 1999, 1–18.

Ruffing, K. “Neue Institutionenökonomik (NIÖ) und Antike Wirtschaft”. In Droß-Krüpe et al (2016), 11–22.

Scheidel, W. “Freeborn and Manumitted Bailiffs in the Graeco-Roman World”. CQ, 40, 1990, 591–593.

Scheidel, W. “The Hireling and the Slave: A Transatlantic Perspective”, in P. Cartledge, E. Cohen and L. Foxhall (eds.) Money, Land and Labour: Approaches to the Economies of Ancient Greece, London, 2002, 175–184.

Scheidel, W., Morris, I., and R. Saller (eds.) The Cambridge Economic History of the Ancient World, Cambridge, 2007.

Sickinger, J. P. Public Records and Archives in Classical Athens. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

Sparkes, B. A. The Red and the Black: Studies in Greek Pottery. London: Routledge,1996.

Storck, J. and W. D. Teague. Flour for Man’s Bread: A History of Milling, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1952.

Stroud, R. S. “An Athenian Law on Silver Coinage”. Hesperia, 43, 1974, 157–188.

Thür, G. Beweisführung vor den Schwurgerichtshofen Athens: Die Proklesis zur Basanos. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1977.

Todd, S. C. The Shape of Athenian Law, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1993.

Todd, S. C. “How to Execute People in Fourth-Century Athens”. In Hunter, V. and J. Edmondson (eds.) Law and Social Status in Classical Athens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 31–51.

Tordoff, R. “Introduction: Slaves and Slavery in Greek Comic Drama”. In Tordoff, R. and B. Akrigg (eds.) Slaves and Slavery in Greek Comic Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, 1-62.

Vlassopoulos, K. “Greek Slavery: From Domination to Property and Back Again”. JHS, 131, 2011, 115–130.

Vlassopoulos, K. “Review of J. Ober, The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece. The Princeton History of the Ancient World”. BMCRev, 2016a.

Vlassopoulos, K. “What do we really know about Athenian Society?” Annales, 71, 2016b, 683-708.

Wiedemann, T. Greek and Roman Slavery. London: Croom Helm, 1981.

Zuiderhoek, A. The Ancient City. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Downloads

Publicado

2019-08-09

Edição

Seção

Dossiê

Como Citar

Slavery and Athens’ Economic Efflorescence: Mill Slavery as a Case Study. (2019). Mare Nostrum, 10(2), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v10i2p25-50