Shifting surface
satellite imagery of the Arctic Sea ice and climate change discourse
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-7714.no.2020.171993Palavras-chave:
Mudança climática, Comunicação, Visualidade ambiental, Gelo marinho do Ártico, Análise do discurso visualResumo
Esta pesquisa explora como as imagens de satélite do gelo do Ártico contribuem para o discurso das mudanças climáticas. Discursos diferentes requerem respostas distintas. As medidas políticas dependem da representação, seja uma ameaça ou oportunidade. As representações discutidas são do NSIDC e da NASA, que mantêm uma hegemonia visual. Primeiro, a introdução discute estudos visuais na pesquisa de políticas e identifica uma dicotomia simplificada de um discurso de ameaça e cidadania ambiental. Além disso, é descrita a metodologia de análise do discurso visual baseada no pós-estruturalismo. As imagens delineadas retratam uma vista vertical e plana, permitindo referência espacial. O gelo do mar do Ártico é um efeito visível da mudança climática e a ausência de fronteiras, a intervisualidade com o ícone Earthrise e o foco nos efeitos ambientais apoiam um discurso de cidadania.
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Referências
ARCTIC Sea Ice News. NSIDC (website). [S.I.]. Disponível em: http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/.
BECK, U. The Cosmopolitan Vision. Translated by C. Cronin. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2006.
BECK, U. World at Risk. Translated by C. Cronin. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009.
BLEIKER, R. The Aesthetic Turn in International Political Theory. Millenium, vol. 30, n.3, pp. 509-534, 01/dez/2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298010300031001
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COSGROVE, D. Apollo's Eye: A Cartographic Genealogy of the Earth in the Western Imagination. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2001.
DELOUGHREY, E. Satellite Planetarity and the Ends of the Earth. Public Culture, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 257-280, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2392057
DOBSON, A. Citizenship and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
DODGE, M.; PERKINS, C. The 'View From Nowhere' Spatial Politics and Cultural Significance of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery. Geoforum, vol. 40, n. 4, pp. 497-501, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.04.011
DOYLE, J. (2007) Picturing the Clima(c)tic: Greenpeace and the Representational Politics of Climate Change Communication. Science as Culture, vol 16, n. 2, pp. 129-150, 18/jun/2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09505430701368938
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Copernicus: Monitoring Climate Change in the Arctic. Autor: 2013. Disponível em: www.copernicus.eu/Copernicus_Brief_Issue9_ArcticIce_Sep2013.pdf.
HANSEN, L. (2011) Theorizing the Image for Security Studies: Visual Securitization and the Muhammad Cartoon Crisis. European Journal of International Relations, vol, 17, n.1, pp. 51-74, 19/jan/2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066110388593
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MANZO, K. (2010b) Beyond Polar Bears? Re-Envisioning Climate Change. Meteorological Applications vol. 17, pp. 196-208, 17/jun/2010(b). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/met.193
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OECD. Space Technologies and Climate Change: Implications for Water Management, Marine Resources and Maritime Transport. Paris: OECD Publications, 2008.
O'NEILL, S. J.; HULME, M. An Iconic Approach for Representing Climate Change. Global Environmental Change, vol. 19, n.4, pp. 402-410, out/2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.07.004
O'NEILL, S.; NICHOLSON. S. ‘Fear Won't Do it': Promoting Positive Engagement With Climate Change Through Visual and Iconic Representations. Science Communication: vol. 30, n. 3, pp. 355-379, 2009, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547008329201
PAINTER, J. Climate Change in Media: Reporting Risk and Uncertainty. Londres: Tauris, 2013.
PERKINS, C.; DODGE, M. Satellite Imagery and the Spectacle of Secret Places. Geoforum, vol. 40, n. 4, pp. 546-560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.04.012
ROSE, G. Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials. 3ª Ed. Londres: Sage Publications, 2012.
ROTHE, D. Seeing Like a Satellite: Of Plants, Carbon and other Securitizing Actors., PAN-EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: WORLDS OF VIOLENCE, Giardini Naxos, Sicily, 23-26/set/2015. Proceedings. European International Studies Association.
SCHINDLER, T. T. Visualization Shows Rapid Decline of Arctic Sea Ice. NASA: Global Climate Change News. 14/jan/2015. Disponível em: https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2220/visualization-shows-rapid-decline-of-arctic-sea-ice/.
SCHNEIDER, B.; NOCKE, T. (org) Image Politics of Climate Change: Visualizations, Imaginations, Documentations. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014.
SCOTT, M. (2012) Tracking Sea Ice at the Top of the Globe. NASA Earth Observatory (Blog). Publicado em 17/set/2012. Disponível em: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2012/09/17/tracking-sea
-ice-at-the-top-of-the-globe/
SHAPIRO, M. Studies in Trans-Disciplinary Method: After the Aesthetic Turn. London, Nova York: Routledge, 2013.
SHEPPARD, S. Visualizing Climate Change: A Guide to Visual Communication of Climate Change and Developing Local Solutions. Nova York: Routledge, 2012.
SHIM, D. (2014). Remote Sensing Place: Satellite Images as Visual Spatial Imaginaries. Geoforum,vol. 51, pp. 152-160, jan/2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.11.002
SWYNGEDOUW, E. (2010) Apocalypse Forever? Post-political Populism and the Spectre of Climate Change. Theory, Culture & Society, vol. 27, n. 2-3, pp. 213-232, 24/mai/2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276409358728
SZERSZYNSKI, B.; TOOGOOD, M. Global Citizenship, the Environment and the Media. In: ALLAN, S.; ADAM, B.; CARTER, C. (org). Environmental Risks and the Media. London: Routledge, 2000.
SZERSZYNSKI, B.; URRY, J. Visuality, Mobility and the Cosmopolitan: Inhabiting the World From Afar. The British Journal of Sociology, vol. 57, n. 1, pp. 113-131, mar/2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00096.x
TOLLMANN, V. (2014) The Uncanny Polar Bear: Activists Visually Attack an Overly Emotionalized Image Clone. In: SCHNEIDER, B.; NOCKE, T. (org) Image Politics of Climate Change: Visualizations, Imaginations, Documentations. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014, pp. 249-273.
BECK, U. The Cosmopolitan Vision. Translated by C. Cronin. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2006.
BECK, U. World at Risk. Translated by C. Cronin. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009.
BLEIKER, R. The Aesthetic Turn in International Political Theory. Millenium, vol. 30, n.3, pp. 509-534, 01/dez/2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298010300031001
CAMPBELL, D. Tele-Vision: Satellites and Security. Source, vol. 56, pp. 16-23, 2008. Disponível em: https://www.david-campbell.org/wp-content/documents/Tele_Vision.pdf
CARRUTH, A.; MARZEC, R. Environmental Visualization in the Anthropocene: Technologies, Aesthetics, Ethics. Public Culture, vol. 26, n.2, pp. 205-212, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2392030
COPERNICUS: Arctic Sea Ice, ESA Animations 2013 [S.I.: s.n.]. mar/2014. 1 vídeo (1 min). Publicado por European Space Agency (ESA). Disponível em: http://www.esa.int/esatv/Videos/2014/03/Copernicus/Arctic_sea_ice_ESA_animations_2013.
COSGROVE, D. Apollo's Eye: A Cartographic Genealogy of the Earth in the Western Imagination. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2001.
DELOUGHREY, E. Satellite Planetarity and the Ends of the Earth. Public Culture, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 257-280, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2392057
DOBSON, A. Citizenship and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
DODGE, M.; PERKINS, C. The 'View From Nowhere' Spatial Politics and Cultural Significance of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery. Geoforum, vol. 40, n. 4, pp. 497-501, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.04.011
DOYLE, J. (2007) Picturing the Clima(c)tic: Greenpeace and the Representational Politics of Climate Change Communication. Science as Culture, vol 16, n. 2, pp. 129-150, 18/jun/2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09505430701368938
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Copernicus: Monitoring Climate Change in the Arctic. Autor: 2013. Disponível em: www.copernicus.eu/Copernicus_Brief_Issue9_ArcticIce_Sep2013.pdf.
HANSEN, L. (2011) Theorizing the Image for Security Studies: Visual Securitization and the Muhammad Cartoon Crisis. European Journal of International Relations, vol, 17, n.1, pp. 51-74, 19/jan/2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066110388593
HANSEN, A.; MACHIN, D. Visually Branding the Environment: Climate Change as a Marketing Opportunity. Discourse Studies, vol. 10, n. 6, pp. 777-794. 01/dez/2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445608098200
IPCC. Climate Change: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (editado por Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri e L.A. Meyer). Genebra: IPCC, 2014.
KLEIN, N. This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs The Climate. Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 2014.
LEOPOLD, A. A Sand County Almanac. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968
LESTER, L.; COTTLE, S. (2009) Visualizing Climate Change: Television News and Ecological Citizenship. International Journal of Communication, vol. 3, pp. 920-936, 2009. Disponível em: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/509
MANZO, K. Imaging Vulnerability: The Iconography of Climate Change. Area vol. 42, n. 1, pp. 96-107, mar/2010(a). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2009.00887.x
MANZO, K. (2010b) Beyond Polar Bears? Re-Envisioning Climate Change. Meteorological Applications vol. 17, pp. 196-208, 17/jun/2010(b). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/met.193
MAHONY, M.; HULME, M. Risk Colours. In: BIRGIT, S.; NOCKE, T. (org). Image Politics of Climate Change: Visualizations, Imaginations, Documentations. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014, pp. 105-126.
OECD. Space Technologies and Climate Change: Implications for Water Management, Marine Resources and Maritime Transport. Paris: OECD Publications, 2008.
O'NEILL, S. J.; HULME, M. An Iconic Approach for Representing Climate Change. Global Environmental Change, vol. 19, n.4, pp. 402-410, out/2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.07.004
O'NEILL, S.; NICHOLSON. S. ‘Fear Won't Do it': Promoting Positive Engagement With Climate Change Through Visual and Iconic Representations. Science Communication: vol. 30, n. 3, pp. 355-379, 2009, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547008329201
PAINTER, J. Climate Change in Media: Reporting Risk and Uncertainty. Londres: Tauris, 2013.
PERKINS, C.; DODGE, M. Satellite Imagery and the Spectacle of Secret Places. Geoforum, vol. 40, n. 4, pp. 546-560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.04.012
ROSE, G. Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials. 3ª Ed. Londres: Sage Publications, 2012.
ROTHE, D. Seeing Like a Satellite: Of Plants, Carbon and other Securitizing Actors., PAN-EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: WORLDS OF VIOLENCE, Giardini Naxos, Sicily, 23-26/set/2015. Proceedings. European International Studies Association.
SCHINDLER, T. T. Visualization Shows Rapid Decline of Arctic Sea Ice. NASA: Global Climate Change News. 14/jan/2015. Disponível em: https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2220/visualization-shows-rapid-decline-of-arctic-sea-ice/.
SCHNEIDER, B.; NOCKE, T. (org) Image Politics of Climate Change: Visualizations, Imaginations, Documentations. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014.
SCOTT, M. (2012) Tracking Sea Ice at the Top of the Globe. NASA Earth Observatory (Blog). Publicado em 17/set/2012. Disponível em: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2012/09/17/tracking-sea
-ice-at-the-top-of-the-globe/
SHAPIRO, M. Studies in Trans-Disciplinary Method: After the Aesthetic Turn. London, Nova York: Routledge, 2013.
SHEPPARD, S. Visualizing Climate Change: A Guide to Visual Communication of Climate Change and Developing Local Solutions. Nova York: Routledge, 2012.
SHIM, D. (2014). Remote Sensing Place: Satellite Images as Visual Spatial Imaginaries. Geoforum,vol. 51, pp. 152-160, jan/2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.11.002
SWYNGEDOUW, E. (2010) Apocalypse Forever? Post-political Populism and the Spectre of Climate Change. Theory, Culture & Society, vol. 27, n. 2-3, pp. 213-232, 24/mai/2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276409358728
SZERSZYNSKI, B.; TOOGOOD, M. Global Citizenship, the Environment and the Media. In: ALLAN, S.; ADAM, B.; CARTER, C. (org). Environmental Risks and the Media. London: Routledge, 2000.
SZERSZYNSKI, B.; URRY, J. Visuality, Mobility and the Cosmopolitan: Inhabiting the World From Afar. The British Journal of Sociology, vol. 57, n. 1, pp. 113-131, mar/2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00096.x
TOLLMANN, V. (2014) The Uncanny Polar Bear: Activists Visually Attack an Overly Emotionalized Image Clone. In: SCHNEIDER, B.; NOCKE, T. (org) Image Politics of Climate Change: Visualizations, Imaginations, Documentations. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014, pp. 249-273.
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2020-07-09
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Shifting surface: satellite imagery of the Arctic Sea ice and climate change discourse. (2020). Novos Olhares, 9(1), 98-113. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-7714.no.2020.171993
