Catalogue of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo

. A catalogue of type specimens of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) deposited in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, is presented and updated to February, 2019. 45 holotypes and 47 paratypes of 52 species were found, included in the suborders Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha, and listed in the families Amphipsocidae, Asiopsocidae, Caeciliusidae (infraorder Caeciliusetae); Lachesillidae and Pseudocaeciliidae (infraorder Homilopsocidea); Philotarsidae (infraorder Philotarsetaea) Hemipsocidae, Myopsocidae and Psocidae (infraorder Psocetae); Ptiloneuridae (infraor-der Epipsocetae), and Lepidopsocidae (infraorder Atropetae). The taxa are presented alphabetically by suborders, infraorders, families, subfamilies, tribes and genera, followed by species (updated to the valid name), bibliographic citation, type category, description of the type condition with collection number and method of preservation. When necessary, comments are added.


INTRODUCTION
Psocoptera are also known as Corrodentia or Copeognatha and have no popular name in Brazil, being known in other countries as book lice, bark lice or psocids.These insects are small, measuring from 1 to 10 mm in length and feed on algae, lichens, fungi and organic fragments (Smithers, 1991); they are considered important in the environment for the recycling of debris (Arnett, 2000).Yoshizawa & Lienhard (2010) showed that Psocoptera is not a monophyletic group.To maintain monophyly, the former orders Psocoptera and Phthiraptera are now placed in the order Psocodea.However, as true lice and psocids have distinct habits, and are studied by different methods and by different experts, Psocoptera is still treated as an order in the traditional way, but mentioned in Psocodea.In the present paper we have adopted the practice mentioned above.The Catalogue of the Fauna of Brazil (Silva-Neto & García Aldrete, 2015) specifically in Psocoptera, lists for Brazil 456 species in 93 genera and 30 families.
The scientific collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil, includes more than 10 million specimens, being the largest and most important depository of Neotropical fauna in Brazil and in South America.Additional information on the collection is available at www.mz.usp.br.Following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999: 72F.4), the present paper provides a catalogue with information on 92 type specimens included in 52 species of Psocoptera.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The information given for each species was taken from labels, and corroborated with original description or published articles.The words cerrado or cerradão are present on some labels.Cerrado is a phyto-and biogeographic area of Brazil, characterized especially by the savannah biome, but also by seasonal forest.Cerradão is a variation of Cerrado.In this list, the names of suborders, infraorders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species are presented in alphabetical order.
The following data are provided for type specimens: genus, species epithet (both updated when needed for valid names), author, year of publication, page number in which the species name first appeared, figure(s), subsequent citation when there was a new combination or some nomenclatural correction of the epithet, category of the type specimen with sex and collection locality, condition of types with current MZSP registration number and method of preservation.In particular cases, the sex of some paratypes was not identified, because the specimens are partly destroyed, or lack the apex of the abdomen.When necessary comments were added.

Condition of holotype:
Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide (without number), subgenital plate, gonapophyses, clunium, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000254).

Condition of holotype:
Right fore-and hindwing, right hind leg, right antenna and right half of the head with labrum mounted on one slide (without number); subgenital plate, gonapophyses, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000217).

Condition of holotype:
Right fore-and hindwing and two legs mounted on one slide (without number); subgenital plate, ninth sternum, gonapophyses, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).An empty micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000213).

Condition of holotype:
Forewing and hindwing mounted on one slide (without number); subgenital plate, gonapophyses, clunium, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000211).

Condition of holotype:
Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide (without number); subgenital plate, gonapophyses, clunium, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000245).
Male paratype: same data as the holotype.

Condition of holotype:
Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide (without number); subgenital plate, gonapophyses, clunium, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000256).

Condition of paratype:
Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide (without number); hypandrium, phallosome, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000257).

Condition of holotype:
Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide (without number); hypandrium, phallosome (anteriorly broken in half ), paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (without number).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000233).

Condition of paratype 2:
Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide (№ 510); hypandrium mounted in another permanent slide (№ 510).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP without number).
Condition of the three male paratypes: male 1, specimen not dissected, extremely resected, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 521); male 2, specimen not dissected, extremely resected, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 522); male 3, specimen not dissected, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 522).All three micro eppendorfs stocked in a glass bottle with ethanol (MZSP 000218).
Condition of paratype without sex identified: specimen without wings, legs, antennae and abdomen, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 521A) inside the same glass bottle mentioned above (MZSP 000218).
Comments: In the original paper the authors chose 4 male specimens and 1 female specimen as paratypes.For this reason it is not possible to deduce the sex of the specimen without abdomen mentioned above.Probably the paratype specimen without sex identified was mounted on a slide, not found.There was a label stating that the ethanol in the glass bottle (mentioned above) had completely evaporated and was replaced in 02.IX.1999.
Condition of male paratype: Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide (№ 542); hypandrium, phallosome, paraprocts and epiproct mounted in another slide (№ 542).Thorax and remaining parts in a separate micro-vial with ethanol (MZSP 000235).

Condition of holotype:
Right fore-and hindwing, right antenna and right hind leg mounted on one slide
Condition of the two male paratypes: male 1, specimen not dissected, resected, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 536); male 2, specimen not dissected, extremely resected, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 531).The two micro eppendorfs stocked in a glass bottle with ethanol (MZSP 000226).
Condition of three paratypes without sex identified: specimen 1, without abdomen, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 535); specimen 2, without abdomen and wings, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 533); specimen 3, only with a small part of the thorax and the right wings, stored in a separate micro eppendorf with ethanol (№ 534).The three micro eppendorfs stored inside the glass bottle mentioned above (MZSP 000226).
Comments: In the original paper the authors chose 8 male and 4 female specimens as paratypes.For this reason, it is not possible to deduce the sex of the specimens without abdomen mentioned above.Probably the paratype specimens without identification of sex were mounted on slides, not found.
Missing parts: Compound eyes.

Comments:
The authors comment in the original publication that the specimen was cleared with Proteinase K and perhaps due to this the compound eyes disappeared and the remaining unmounted parts became extremely hyaline.
Paratype: male, same data as the holotype.

REMARKS
There was a slide (number 69277) in the collection labeled as holotype of Psococerastis interrupta New, 1972; this species was synonimized by Mockford (1981) to become a Junior synonym of Psococerastis opulenta (Navás, 1930).