Anestesia no paciente oncológico
as técnicas e agentes anestésicos podem influenciar o desfecho destes pacientes? Uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v99i1p40-45Palavras-chave:
Anestesia, Neoplasias, Recidiva, CâncerResumo
Introdução: A anestesia no paciente oncológico representa um desafio sob vários aspectos: pacientes complexos, com diversas comorbidades e, muitas vezes, submetidos a tratamentos adjuvantes. O tratamento cirúrgico é o tratamento de primeira linha em grande parte dos casos oncológicos e a anestesia é uma etapa essencial para viabilizar este tratamento. O uso de diferentes agentes e técnicas anestésicas hoje é visto como um dos potenciais fatores que podem vir a influenciar o desfecho oncológico. Revisamos alguns dos novos conceitos que têm surgido na literatura, referentes aos cuidados anestésicos perioperatórios e a evolução desta população. Métodos: Estudo bibliográfico narrativo e exploratório. Realizada pesquisa nos bancos de dados Medline e SciELO, utilizando os termos (((anesthesia) OR (anaesthesia)) AND (cancer)) até novembro de 2019 e 44 estudos foram utilizados. Resultados: Os estudos discutem o papel específico de diversos agentes anestésicos, principalmente agentes hipnóticos endovenosos, inalatórios e opioides, além de abordarem as possíveis diferenças entre as técnicas anestésicas. Além dos agentes anestésicos propriamente ditos, o papel de outros agentes frequentemente utilizados no período perioperatório foram incluídos. Conclusões: Técnicas de anestesia regional ainda necessitam ser mais estudadas, mas podem trazer benefícios para esta população auxiliando no controle álgico perioperatório, reduzindo o consumo de opioides e a inflamação desencadeada pela resposta ao estresse. Ainda não há evidências suficientes para modificação dos agentes e técnicas utilizadas na anestesia, mas existem alguns potenciais benefícios sinalizados para o uso de anestesia venosa, técnicas de analgesia multimodal poupadora de opioides e, até mesmo, o uso de certos agentes como a lidocaína e o propofol. Poucas evidências clínicas respaldam o uso de anestesia totalmente livre de opioides com o objetivo de reduzir a recorrência tumoral e otimizar o desfecho do paciente oncológico, mas o assunto está sendo amplamente pesquisado e brevemente haverá mais novidades e evidências que poderão redirecionar a conduta anestésica perioperatória.
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Referências
1. Kurosawa S. Anesthesia in patients with cancer disorders. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2012;25(3):376-84. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e328352b4a8.
2. Cakmakkaya OS, Kolodzie K, Apfel CC, Pace NL. Anaesthetic techniques for risk of malignant tumour recurrence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 7;(11):CD008877. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008877.pub2.
3. Gottschalk A, Sharma S, Ford J, Durieux ME, Tiouririne M. The role of the perioperative period in recurrence after cancer surgery. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(6):1636-43. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181de0ab6.
4. Weng M, Chen W, Hou W, Li L, Ding M, Miao C. The effect of neuraxial anesthesia on cancer recurrence and survival after cancer surgery: An updated meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2016;7(12):15262-73. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7683.
5. Zaugg M, Lucchinetti E. Impact of anaesthesia regimen on middle and long-term cancer surgery outcome. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014.
6. Lim JA, Oh CS, Yoon TG, Lee JY, Lee SH, Yoo YB, Yang JH, Kim SH. The effect of propofol and sevoflurane on cancer cell, natural killer cell, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: An in vitro analysis. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(159). doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-4064-8.
7. Cronin-Fenton DP, Heide-Jørgensen U, Ahern TP, Lash TL, Christiansen PM, Ejlertsen B, Sjøgren P, Kehlet H, Sørensen HT. Opioids and breast cancer recurrence: a Danish population-based cohort study. Cancer. 2015;121(19):3507-14. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29532.
8. Soltanizadeh S, Degett TH, Gögenur I. Outcomes of cancer surgery after inhalational and intravenous anesthesia: a systematic review. J Clin Anesth. 2017;42:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.08.001.
9. Wang J, Cheng C, Lu Y, Ding X, Zhu M, Miao C, Chen J. Novel findings of anti-cancer property of propofol. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2018;18(2):156-65. doi: 10.2174/1871520617666170912120327
10. Huang H, Benzonana LL, Zhao H, Watts HR, Perry NJ, Bevan C, Brown R, Ma D. Prostate cancer cell malignancy via modulation of HIF-1α pathway with isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination. Br J Cancer. 2014;111(7):1338-49. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.426.
11. Sessler DI, Riedel B. Anesthesia and cancer recurrence: context for divergent study outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(1):3-5.2019 doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002506.
12. Wigmore TJ, Mohammed K, Jhanji S: Long-term survival for patients undergoing volatile versus IV anesthesia for cancer surgery: A retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(1):69-79. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000936.
13. Yoo S, Lee HB, Han W, Noh DY, Park SK, Kim WH, Kim JT: Total intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia for breast cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(1):31-40. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002491.
14. Benzonana LL, Perry NJS, Watts HR, Yang B, Perry IA, Coombes C, Takata M, Ma D: Isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic, enhances renal cancer growth and malignant potential via the hypoxia-inducible factor cellular signaling pathway in vitro. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(3):593-605. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829e47fd.
15. Hu J, Hu J, Jiao H, Li Q. Anesthetic effects of isoflurane and the molecular mechanism underlying isoflurane-inhibited aggressiveness of hepatic carcinoma. Mol Med Rep. 2018;18(1):184-92. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8945.
16. Durieux ME. Time to dial down the vaporizer? Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(5):715-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/aev036
17. Chamaraux-Tran TN, Piegeler T. The amide local anesthetic lidocaine in cancer surgery-potential antimetastatic effects and preservation of immune cell function? A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:235. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00235.
18. Kim R. Effects of surgery and anesthetic choice on immunosuppression and cancer recurrence. J Transl Med. 2018;16(1):8. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1389-7
19. Grandhi RK, Perona B. Mechanisms of action by which local anesthetics reduce cancer recurrence: a systematic review. Pain Med. Pain Med. 2019:pii:pnz139. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz139.
20. Xing W, Chen D-T, Pan J-H, Chen Y-H, Yan Y, Li Q, Xue R-F, Yuan Y-F, Zeng W-A. Lidocaine induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo. Anesthesiology. 2017;126:868-81. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001528.
21. Forget P, Bentin C, Machiels JP, Berliere M, Coulie PG, Kock M De. Intraoperative use of ketorolac or diclofenac is associated with improved disease-free survival and overall survival in conservative breast cancer surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(Suppl 1):i82-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet464.
22. Clarke CA, Canchola AJ, Moy LM, Neuhausen SL, Chung NT, Lacey JV, Bernstein L. Regular and low-dose aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and prospective risk of HER2-defined breast cancer: The California Teachers Study. Breast Cancer Res. 2017;19(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13058-017-0840-7.
23. Brusselaers N, Lagergren J. Maintenance use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ Open. 2018;8(7):e021869. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021869.
24. Kuo C-N, Pan J-J, Huang Y-W, Tsai H-J, Chang W-C. Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colorectal cancer: a population-based case control study. Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomarkers. 2018;27:737-45. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0876.
25. Liang X, Liu R, Chen C, Ji F, Li T. Opioid system modulates the immune function: a review. Transl Perioper Pain Med. 2016;1(1):5-13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4790459/.
26. Beilin B, Shavit Y, Trabekin E, Mordashev B, Mayburd E, Zeidel A, Bessler H. The effects of postoperative pain management on immune response to surgery. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(3):822-827. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000078586.82810.3B.
27. Juneja R. Opioids and cancer recurrence. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2014;8(2):91-101. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000056.
28. Benish M, Bartal I, Goldfarb Y, Levi B, Avraham R, Raz A, Ben-Eliyahu S. Perioperative use of β-blockers and COX-2 inhibitors may improve immune competence and reduce the risk of tumor metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(7):2042-52. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-9890-5.
29. Chang A, Le CP, Walker AK, Creed SJ, Pon CK, Albold S, Carroll D, Halls ML, Lane JR, Riedel B, Ferrari D, Sloan EK. β2-Adrenoceptors on tumor cells play a critical role in stress-enhanced metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. Brain Behav Immun. 2016;57:106-115. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.06.011.
30. Sloan EK, Priceman SJ, Cox BF, Yu S, Pimentel MA, Tangkanangnukul V, Arevalo JMG, Morizono K, Karanikolas BDW, Wu L, Sood AK, Cole SW. The sympathetic nervous system induces a metastatic switch in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2010;70(18):7042-52. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0522.
31. Le CP, Nowell CJ, Kim-Fuchs C, Botteri E, Hiller JG, Ismail H, Pimentel MA, Chai MG, Karnezis T, Rotmensz N, Renne G, Gandini S, Pouton CW, Ferrari D, Möller A, Stacker SA, Sloan EK. Chronic stress in mice remodels lymph vasculature to promote tumour cell dissemination. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10634. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10634.
32. Yap A, Lopez-Olivo MA, Dubowitz J, Pratt G, Hiller J, Gottumukkala V, Sloan E, Riedel B, Schier R. Effect of beta-blockers on cancer recurrence and survival: a meta-analysis of epidemiological and perioperative studies. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(1):45-57. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.03.024.
33. Na Z, Qiao X, Hao X, Fan L, Xiao Y, Shao Y, Sun M, Feng Z, Guo W, Li J, Li J, Li D. The effects of beta-blocker use on cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis based on 319,006 patients. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:4913-4944. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S167422
34. Chen Q, An R, Zhou J, Yang B. Clinical analgesic efficacy of dexamethasone as a local anesthetic adjuvant for transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0198923. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198923
35. Bush KA, Krukowski K, Eddy JL, Janusek LW, Mathews HL. Glucocorticoid receptor mediated suppression of natural killer cell activity: Identification of associated deacetylase and corepressor molecules. Cell Immunol. 2012;275(1-2):80-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.02.014.
36. Kim MH, Kim DW, Park S, Kim JH, Lee KY, Hwang J, Yoo YC. Single dose of dexamethasone is not associated with postoperative recurrence and mortality in breast cancer patients: a propensity-matched cohort study. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5451-5.
37. Bajwa SJS, Anand S, Kaur G. Anesthesia and cancer recurrences: the current knowledge and evidence. J Cancer Res Ther. 2015;11(3):528-34. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.157321.
38. Sekandarzad MW, Zundert AAJ Van, Lirk PB, Doornebal CW, Hollmann MW. Perioperative anesthesia care and tumor progression. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(5):1697-1708. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001652.
39. Biki B, Mascha E, Moriarty DC, Fitzpatrick JM, Sessler DI, Buggy DJ: Anesthetic technique for radical prostatectomy surgery affects cancer recurrence: a retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology. 2008;109(2):180-7. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817f5b73.
40. Koumpan Y, Jaeger M, Mizubuti GB, Tanzola R, Jain K, Hosier G, Hopman W, Siemens DR. Spinal Anesthesia is associated with lower recurrence rates after resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2018;199(4):940-946. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2017.11.064
41. Grandhi RK, Lee S, Abd-Elsayed A. The relationship between regional anesthesia and cancer: a metaanalysis Ochsner J. 2017;17(4):345-61. doi: 10.1043/TOJ-16-0100.
42. Finn DM, Ilfeld BM, Unkart JT, Madison SJ, Suresh PJ, Sandhu NPS, Kormylo NJ, Malhotra N, Loland VJ, Wallace MS, Wen CH, Morgan AC, Wallace AM. Post-mastectomy cancer recurrence with and without a continuous paravertebral block in the immediate postoperative period: a prospective multi-year follow-up pilot study of a randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled investigation. J Anesth. 2017;31(3):374-9. doi: 10.1007/s00540-017-2345-z.
43. Zylla D, Gourley BL, Vang D, Jackson S, Boatman S, Lindgren B, Kuskowski MA, Le C, Gupta K, Gupta P. Opioid requirement, opioid receptor expression, and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer. 2013;119(23):4103-10. doi:10.1002/cncr.28345.
44. Sultana A, Torres D, Schumann R. Special indications for Opioid Free Anaesthesia and Analgesia, patient and procedure related: Including obesity, sleep apnoea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, complex regional pain syndromes, opioid addiction and cancer surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017;31(4):547-560. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2017.11.002.
2. Cakmakkaya OS, Kolodzie K, Apfel CC, Pace NL. Anaesthetic techniques for risk of malignant tumour recurrence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 7;(11):CD008877. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008877.pub2.
3. Gottschalk A, Sharma S, Ford J, Durieux ME, Tiouririne M. The role of the perioperative period in recurrence after cancer surgery. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(6):1636-43. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181de0ab6.
4. Weng M, Chen W, Hou W, Li L, Ding M, Miao C. The effect of neuraxial anesthesia on cancer recurrence and survival after cancer surgery: An updated meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2016;7(12):15262-73. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7683.
5. Zaugg M, Lucchinetti E. Impact of anaesthesia regimen on middle and long-term cancer surgery outcome. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014.
6. Lim JA, Oh CS, Yoon TG, Lee JY, Lee SH, Yoo YB, Yang JH, Kim SH. The effect of propofol and sevoflurane on cancer cell, natural killer cell, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: An in vitro analysis. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(159). doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-4064-8.
7. Cronin-Fenton DP, Heide-Jørgensen U, Ahern TP, Lash TL, Christiansen PM, Ejlertsen B, Sjøgren P, Kehlet H, Sørensen HT. Opioids and breast cancer recurrence: a Danish population-based cohort study. Cancer. 2015;121(19):3507-14. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29532.
8. Soltanizadeh S, Degett TH, Gögenur I. Outcomes of cancer surgery after inhalational and intravenous anesthesia: a systematic review. J Clin Anesth. 2017;42:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.08.001.
9. Wang J, Cheng C, Lu Y, Ding X, Zhu M, Miao C, Chen J. Novel findings of anti-cancer property of propofol. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2018;18(2):156-65. doi: 10.2174/1871520617666170912120327
10. Huang H, Benzonana LL, Zhao H, Watts HR, Perry NJ, Bevan C, Brown R, Ma D. Prostate cancer cell malignancy via modulation of HIF-1α pathway with isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination. Br J Cancer. 2014;111(7):1338-49. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.426.
11. Sessler DI, Riedel B. Anesthesia and cancer recurrence: context for divergent study outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(1):3-5.2019 doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002506.
12. Wigmore TJ, Mohammed K, Jhanji S: Long-term survival for patients undergoing volatile versus IV anesthesia for cancer surgery: A retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(1):69-79. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000936.
13. Yoo S, Lee HB, Han W, Noh DY, Park SK, Kim WH, Kim JT: Total intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia for breast cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(1):31-40. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002491.
14. Benzonana LL, Perry NJS, Watts HR, Yang B, Perry IA, Coombes C, Takata M, Ma D: Isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic, enhances renal cancer growth and malignant potential via the hypoxia-inducible factor cellular signaling pathway in vitro. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(3):593-605. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829e47fd.
15. Hu J, Hu J, Jiao H, Li Q. Anesthetic effects of isoflurane and the molecular mechanism underlying isoflurane-inhibited aggressiveness of hepatic carcinoma. Mol Med Rep. 2018;18(1):184-92. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8945.
16. Durieux ME. Time to dial down the vaporizer? Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(5):715-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/aev036
17. Chamaraux-Tran TN, Piegeler T. The amide local anesthetic lidocaine in cancer surgery-potential antimetastatic effects and preservation of immune cell function? A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:235. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00235.
18. Kim R. Effects of surgery and anesthetic choice on immunosuppression and cancer recurrence. J Transl Med. 2018;16(1):8. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1389-7
19. Grandhi RK, Perona B. Mechanisms of action by which local anesthetics reduce cancer recurrence: a systematic review. Pain Med. Pain Med. 2019:pii:pnz139. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz139.
20. Xing W, Chen D-T, Pan J-H, Chen Y-H, Yan Y, Li Q, Xue R-F, Yuan Y-F, Zeng W-A. Lidocaine induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo. Anesthesiology. 2017;126:868-81. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001528.
21. Forget P, Bentin C, Machiels JP, Berliere M, Coulie PG, Kock M De. Intraoperative use of ketorolac or diclofenac is associated with improved disease-free survival and overall survival in conservative breast cancer surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(Suppl 1):i82-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet464.
22. Clarke CA, Canchola AJ, Moy LM, Neuhausen SL, Chung NT, Lacey JV, Bernstein L. Regular and low-dose aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and prospective risk of HER2-defined breast cancer: The California Teachers Study. Breast Cancer Res. 2017;19(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13058-017-0840-7.
23. Brusselaers N, Lagergren J. Maintenance use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ Open. 2018;8(7):e021869. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021869.
24. Kuo C-N, Pan J-J, Huang Y-W, Tsai H-J, Chang W-C. Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colorectal cancer: a population-based case control study. Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomarkers. 2018;27:737-45. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0876.
25. Liang X, Liu R, Chen C, Ji F, Li T. Opioid system modulates the immune function: a review. Transl Perioper Pain Med. 2016;1(1):5-13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4790459/.
26. Beilin B, Shavit Y, Trabekin E, Mordashev B, Mayburd E, Zeidel A, Bessler H. The effects of postoperative pain management on immune response to surgery. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(3):822-827. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000078586.82810.3B.
27. Juneja R. Opioids and cancer recurrence. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2014;8(2):91-101. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000056.
28. Benish M, Bartal I, Goldfarb Y, Levi B, Avraham R, Raz A, Ben-Eliyahu S. Perioperative use of β-blockers and COX-2 inhibitors may improve immune competence and reduce the risk of tumor metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(7):2042-52. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-9890-5.
29. Chang A, Le CP, Walker AK, Creed SJ, Pon CK, Albold S, Carroll D, Halls ML, Lane JR, Riedel B, Ferrari D, Sloan EK. β2-Adrenoceptors on tumor cells play a critical role in stress-enhanced metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. Brain Behav Immun. 2016;57:106-115. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.06.011.
30. Sloan EK, Priceman SJ, Cox BF, Yu S, Pimentel MA, Tangkanangnukul V, Arevalo JMG, Morizono K, Karanikolas BDW, Wu L, Sood AK, Cole SW. The sympathetic nervous system induces a metastatic switch in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2010;70(18):7042-52. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0522.
31. Le CP, Nowell CJ, Kim-Fuchs C, Botteri E, Hiller JG, Ismail H, Pimentel MA, Chai MG, Karnezis T, Rotmensz N, Renne G, Gandini S, Pouton CW, Ferrari D, Möller A, Stacker SA, Sloan EK. Chronic stress in mice remodels lymph vasculature to promote tumour cell dissemination. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10634. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10634.
32. Yap A, Lopez-Olivo MA, Dubowitz J, Pratt G, Hiller J, Gottumukkala V, Sloan E, Riedel B, Schier R. Effect of beta-blockers on cancer recurrence and survival: a meta-analysis of epidemiological and perioperative studies. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(1):45-57. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.03.024.
33. Na Z, Qiao X, Hao X, Fan L, Xiao Y, Shao Y, Sun M, Feng Z, Guo W, Li J, Li J, Li D. The effects of beta-blocker use on cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis based on 319,006 patients. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:4913-4944. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S167422
34. Chen Q, An R, Zhou J, Yang B. Clinical analgesic efficacy of dexamethasone as a local anesthetic adjuvant for transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0198923. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198923
35. Bush KA, Krukowski K, Eddy JL, Janusek LW, Mathews HL. Glucocorticoid receptor mediated suppression of natural killer cell activity: Identification of associated deacetylase and corepressor molecules. Cell Immunol. 2012;275(1-2):80-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.02.014.
36. Kim MH, Kim DW, Park S, Kim JH, Lee KY, Hwang J, Yoo YC. Single dose of dexamethasone is not associated with postoperative recurrence and mortality in breast cancer patients: a propensity-matched cohort study. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5451-5.
37. Bajwa SJS, Anand S, Kaur G. Anesthesia and cancer recurrences: the current knowledge and evidence. J Cancer Res Ther. 2015;11(3):528-34. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.157321.
38. Sekandarzad MW, Zundert AAJ Van, Lirk PB, Doornebal CW, Hollmann MW. Perioperative anesthesia care and tumor progression. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(5):1697-1708. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001652.
39. Biki B, Mascha E, Moriarty DC, Fitzpatrick JM, Sessler DI, Buggy DJ: Anesthetic technique for radical prostatectomy surgery affects cancer recurrence: a retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology. 2008;109(2):180-7. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817f5b73.
40. Koumpan Y, Jaeger M, Mizubuti GB, Tanzola R, Jain K, Hosier G, Hopman W, Siemens DR. Spinal Anesthesia is associated with lower recurrence rates after resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2018;199(4):940-946. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2017.11.064
41. Grandhi RK, Lee S, Abd-Elsayed A. The relationship between regional anesthesia and cancer: a metaanalysis Ochsner J. 2017;17(4):345-61. doi: 10.1043/TOJ-16-0100.
42. Finn DM, Ilfeld BM, Unkart JT, Madison SJ, Suresh PJ, Sandhu NPS, Kormylo NJ, Malhotra N, Loland VJ, Wallace MS, Wen CH, Morgan AC, Wallace AM. Post-mastectomy cancer recurrence with and without a continuous paravertebral block in the immediate postoperative period: a prospective multi-year follow-up pilot study of a randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled investigation. J Anesth. 2017;31(3):374-9. doi: 10.1007/s00540-017-2345-z.
43. Zylla D, Gourley BL, Vang D, Jackson S, Boatman S, Lindgren B, Kuskowski MA, Le C, Gupta K, Gupta P. Opioid requirement, opioid receptor expression, and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer. 2013;119(23):4103-10. doi:10.1002/cncr.28345.
44. Sultana A, Torres D, Schumann R. Special indications for Opioid Free Anaesthesia and Analgesia, patient and procedure related: Including obesity, sleep apnoea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, complex regional pain syndromes, opioid addiction and cancer surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017;31(4):547-560. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2017.11.002.
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Publicado
2020-02-03
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Artigos de Revisão/Review Articles
Como Citar
Rangel, F. P., Simões, C. M., & Auler Junior, J. O. C. (2020). Anestesia no paciente oncológico: as técnicas e agentes anestésicos podem influenciar o desfecho destes pacientes? Uma revisão narrativa. Revista De Medicina, 99(1), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v99i1p40-45
