Arqueologia rural galo-romana e ideologia moderna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2017.125984Palavras-chave:
Gália romana, Campesinato, Arqueologia rural, Mercados locais, Regionalização.Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar recentes representações historiográficas das regiões rurais da Gália tardo-romana. Com o aumento e a expansão do escopo da arqueologia rural nesse período, em substituição a uma visão de um Império em decadência, passou-se progressivamente a visões que propõem crescimento econômico e comercial nas regiões rurais do Império. Observando o caso específico do norte da Gália tardo-romana, a avaliação dessas representações busca refletir a respeito dos métodos de investigação nos quais se baseiam a arqueologia rural, principalmente o papel da survey archaeology na produção de sítios sub-villa e das interpretações dos achados nesses sítios em termos da criação de mercados locais. Uma vez que essa perspectiva de crescimento econômico se dá no contexto também da reelaboração da perspectiva modernista no estudo da Economia Antiga por meio da aplicação da New Institutional Economics como enquadramento teórico, critica-se os parâmetros modernizantes de interpretação do quadro representado pela documentação material e problematiza-se o uso da ideia de desenvolvimento econômico inspirado em referências de desenvolvimento capitalista. Em contrapartida, busca-se propor formas de lidar com esse quadro documental de forma a elaborar modelos de processos sociais e econômicos mais complexos e dinâmicos do que a historiografia do século XX reconhecia para as regiões rurais da Gália tardo-romana.
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Referências
Anderson, P. (2000). Passagens da Antiguidade ao Feudalismo. São Paulo: Brasiliense.
Arce, J. (1993). La Penisola Iberica. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 379–403). Torino: Einaudi.
Banaji, J. (2007). Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity. Gold, Labour, and Aristocratic Dominance. Oxford: Oxford University.
Bagnall, R. S. (2005). Evidence and Models for the Economy of Roman Egypt. In I. Morris & J. G. Manning, The Ancient Economy. Evidence and Models (p. 187–204). Stanford: Stanford Univesity.
Bang, P. F. (2009). The Ancient Economy and New Institutional Economic. Journal of Roman Studies, 99, 194–206.
Bayard, D. (1998). La sigillé d’Argonne, un paramètre essentiel pour l’établissement de la chronologie du Ve siècle dans le Nord de la Gaule. In X. Delestre & P. Périn (Orgs.), La datation des structures et des objets du haut moyen âge. (p. 7–20). St-Germain-en-Laye: Association française d’archéologie mérovingienne.
Becker, Jeffrey A., & Terrenato, Nicola. Roman Republican Villas: Architecture, Context, and Ideology. University of Michigan Press, 2012.
Boito Jr, A. (2012). As bases políticas do neodesenvolvimentismo. Apresentado em Fórum Econômico da FGV, São Paulo.
Bowden, W., Lavan, L., & Machado, C. (2004). Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside. BRILL.
Bowman, A., & Wilson, A. (2013). Introduction: Quantifying Roman Agriculture. In In: The Roman Agricultural Economy. Organization, investment and production (p. 1–32). Oxford: Oxford University.
Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos. (2015) Reflecting on new developmentalism and classical developmentalism. Disponível em: http://www.bresserpereira.org.br/view.asp?cod=5946 Acessado em 10/07/2015
Brown, P. (1971). The World of Late Antiquity. London: Routledge.
Cameron, Averil. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity: AD 395-700. London: Routledge, 1993.
Carrié, J.-M. (1982). Le “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’: un Mythe Historiographique? Opus, 351–371.
Carrié, J.-M. (1983). Un roman des origines: les généalogies du “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’. Opus, 205–51.
Carrié, Jean-Michel, & Rousselle, Aline. L’Empire romain mutation: des Sévères à Constantin, 192-337. Paris: Éd. du Seuil, 1999.
Chavarría, Alexandra, & Lewit, Tamara. “Archaeological research on late antique countryside: A bibliographical essay.” In: Bowden, William., Lavan, Luke & Machado, Carlos A. R. Recent Research on the late antiquity Countryside. Leiden: Brill, 2004, p. 3–51.
Dossey, L. (2010). Peasant and Empire in Christian North Africa. Berkeley: University of California.
Dyson, S. L. (2003). The Roman countryside. London: Duckworth.
De Blois, Lukas. “The Crisis of the Third Century A.D. in the Roman Empire: A Modern Myth?” In: De Blois, Lukas & Rich, John. The Transformation of Economic Life Under the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, C. 200 B.C. - A.D. 476), Nottingham, July 4-7, 2001. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 2002, p. 204–217.
Zuiderhoek, Arjan. “Introduction. Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World in Historiographical and Theoretical Perspective”. In: Erdkamp, Paul., Verboven, Koenraad, & Zuiderhoek, Arjan. Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, p.1-48 .
Fentress, E. (1993). La Numidia. In A. (org). Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 351–362). Torino: Einaudi.
Février, P.-A. (1993). Le Gallie meridionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 405–427). Torino: Einaudi.
Finley, M. I. (1999). Ancient Economy. Berkeley: University of California.
Foucray, B. (1997). La Circulation Monétaire dans les Campagnes de l’Antiquitité Tardive: l’exemple francilien. In P. Ouzolias & P. Van Ossel, Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III (p. 42–49). Paris.
Ghedini, F. (1993). L’Africa Proconsulare. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 309–325). Torino: Einaudi.
Giardina, A. (2007). Marxism and Historiography: Perspectives on Roman History. In C. Wickham (Org.), Marxist History-writing for the Twenty-first Century. Oxford: Oxford University.
Gonçalves, R. (2012). Governo Lula e o nacionaldesenvolvimentismo às avessas. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia Política, (31), 5–30.
Grey, C. (2011). Constructing Communities in the Late Roman Countryside. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Heather, P. (2006). The Fall of the roman Empire. A new History of Rome and the barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University.
Horden, P., & Purcell, N. (2000). The Corrupting Sea. A study of Mediterranean History. Oxford: Blackwell.
Leveau, P. (2007). The Western Provinces. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris, & R. Saller (Orgs.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. (p. 651–670). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Liebeschuetz. “Was There a Crisis of the Third Century?” In: Hekster, Olivier. & De Kleijn, Gerda. & Slootjes, Daniëlle. Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20-24, 2006. Leiden: Brill, 2007, p. 11–20.
Louis, E. (2004). A De-romanized Landscape in Northern Gaul: the Scarpe Valley form the 4th to the 9th century AD. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside (p. 479–504). Leiden: BRILL.
MacGaw, C. G. (2012). Capitalismo romano, modernismo e marxismo. A propósito de algumas ideias sobre o trabalho assalariado. História & Luta de Classes, 14, 23–27.
Matthews, J. F. (1990). Western aristocracies and imperial court. AD 364-425. Oxford: Oxford University.
Mattingly, D. J., & Hitchner, B. (1995). Africa: an Archaeological Review. The Journal of Roman Studies, 165–213.
Morley, Neville. Theories, Models, and Concepts in Ancient History. London: Routledge, 2004.
North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (1997). Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III. Paris.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (2000). Rural Settlement economy in northern Gaul in the Late Empire: an overview and assessment. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 13, 133–160.
Redknap, M. (1988). Medieval pottery production at Mayen. In D. R. M. et al Gaimster (Org.), Zur Keramik des Mittelalters und der beginnenden Neuzeit im Rheinland (p. 3–37). Oxford: BAR I 440.
Saller, R. (2005). Framing the Debate over Growth in the Ancient Economy. In I. Morris & J. G. Manning, The Ancient Economy. Evidence and Models (p. 223–238). Stanford: Stanford Univesity.
Scheidel, W., Morris, I., & Saller, R. (Orgs.). (2007). The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Schiavone, A. (2005). Uma História Rompida. Roma Antiga e Ocidente Moderno. São Paulo: Edusp.
Staerman, E. M. (1980). La caída del regimen esclavista. In C. Estepa (Org.), La transición del esclavismo al feudalismo (p. 59–107). Madrid: Akal.
Tuffi, S. R. (1993). Le Gallie Setentrionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 429–441). Torino: Einaudi.
Van Ossel, P. (2006). Rural Impoverishment in Northern Gaul at the End of Antiquity: The Contribution of Archaeology. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Social and Political Life in Late Antiquity (p. 534–565). Leiden: Brill.
Vera, D. (1986). Forme e Funzioni della Rendita Fondiaria nella Tarda Antiquità. In A. Giardina (Org.), Societá Romana e Impero TardoAntico. Instituzioni, Ceti, Economie. (Vol. I, p. 367–447). Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Ward-Perkins, B. (2000). Land, Laborand Settlement. In A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins, & M. Whitby (Orgs.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600 (Vol. XIV, p. 315–345).
Ward-Perkins, B. (2005). The Fall of Rome: and the end of civilization. Oxford: Oxford University.
Wickham, C. (2005). Framing the Early Middle Ages. Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800. Oxford: Oxford Univesity.
Wightman, E. M. (1978). Peasants and Potentates: An investigation of Social Structure and Land Tenure in Roman Gaul. AJAH, 97–128.
Arce, J. (1993). La Penisola Iberica. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 379–403). Torino: Einaudi.
Banaji, J. (2007). Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity. Gold, Labour, and Aristocratic Dominance. Oxford: Oxford University.
Bagnall, R. S. (2005). Evidence and Models for the Economy of Roman Egypt. In I. Morris & J. G. Manning, The Ancient Economy. Evidence and Models (p. 187–204). Stanford: Stanford Univesity.
Bang, P. F. (2009). The Ancient Economy and New Institutional Economic. Journal of Roman Studies, 99, 194–206.
Bayard, D. (1998). La sigillé d’Argonne, un paramètre essentiel pour l’établissement de la chronologie du Ve siècle dans le Nord de la Gaule. In X. Delestre & P. Périn (Orgs.), La datation des structures et des objets du haut moyen âge. (p. 7–20). St-Germain-en-Laye: Association française d’archéologie mérovingienne.
Becker, Jeffrey A., & Terrenato, Nicola. Roman Republican Villas: Architecture, Context, and Ideology. University of Michigan Press, 2012.
Boito Jr, A. (2012). As bases políticas do neodesenvolvimentismo. Apresentado em Fórum Econômico da FGV, São Paulo.
Bowden, W., Lavan, L., & Machado, C. (2004). Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside. BRILL.
Bowman, A., & Wilson, A. (2013). Introduction: Quantifying Roman Agriculture. In In: The Roman Agricultural Economy. Organization, investment and production (p. 1–32). Oxford: Oxford University.
Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos. (2015) Reflecting on new developmentalism and classical developmentalism. Disponível em: http://www.bresserpereira.org.br/view.asp?cod=5946 Acessado em 10/07/2015
Brown, P. (1971). The World of Late Antiquity. London: Routledge.
Cameron, Averil. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity: AD 395-700. London: Routledge, 1993.
Carrié, J.-M. (1982). Le “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’: un Mythe Historiographique? Opus, 351–371.
Carrié, J.-M. (1983). Un roman des origines: les généalogies du “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’. Opus, 205–51.
Carrié, Jean-Michel, & Rousselle, Aline. L’Empire romain mutation: des Sévères à Constantin, 192-337. Paris: Éd. du Seuil, 1999.
Chavarría, Alexandra, & Lewit, Tamara. “Archaeological research on late antique countryside: A bibliographical essay.” In: Bowden, William., Lavan, Luke & Machado, Carlos A. R. Recent Research on the late antiquity Countryside. Leiden: Brill, 2004, p. 3–51.
Dossey, L. (2010). Peasant and Empire in Christian North Africa. Berkeley: University of California.
Dyson, S. L. (2003). The Roman countryside. London: Duckworth.
De Blois, Lukas. “The Crisis of the Third Century A.D. in the Roman Empire: A Modern Myth?” In: De Blois, Lukas & Rich, John. The Transformation of Economic Life Under the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, C. 200 B.C. - A.D. 476), Nottingham, July 4-7, 2001. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 2002, p. 204–217.
Zuiderhoek, Arjan. “Introduction. Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World in Historiographical and Theoretical Perspective”. In: Erdkamp, Paul., Verboven, Koenraad, & Zuiderhoek, Arjan. Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, p.1-48 .
Fentress, E. (1993). La Numidia. In A. (org). Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 351–362). Torino: Einaudi.
Février, P.-A. (1993). Le Gallie meridionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 405–427). Torino: Einaudi.
Finley, M. I. (1999). Ancient Economy. Berkeley: University of California.
Foucray, B. (1997). La Circulation Monétaire dans les Campagnes de l’Antiquitité Tardive: l’exemple francilien. In P. Ouzolias & P. Van Ossel, Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III (p. 42–49). Paris.
Ghedini, F. (1993). L’Africa Proconsulare. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 309–325). Torino: Einaudi.
Giardina, A. (2007). Marxism and Historiography: Perspectives on Roman History. In C. Wickham (Org.), Marxist History-writing for the Twenty-first Century. Oxford: Oxford University.
Gonçalves, R. (2012). Governo Lula e o nacionaldesenvolvimentismo às avessas. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia Política, (31), 5–30.
Grey, C. (2011). Constructing Communities in the Late Roman Countryside. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Heather, P. (2006). The Fall of the roman Empire. A new History of Rome and the barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University.
Horden, P., & Purcell, N. (2000). The Corrupting Sea. A study of Mediterranean History. Oxford: Blackwell.
Leveau, P. (2007). The Western Provinces. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris, & R. Saller (Orgs.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. (p. 651–670). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Liebeschuetz. “Was There a Crisis of the Third Century?” In: Hekster, Olivier. & De Kleijn, Gerda. & Slootjes, Daniëlle. Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20-24, 2006. Leiden: Brill, 2007, p. 11–20.
Louis, E. (2004). A De-romanized Landscape in Northern Gaul: the Scarpe Valley form the 4th to the 9th century AD. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside (p. 479–504). Leiden: BRILL.
MacGaw, C. G. (2012). Capitalismo romano, modernismo e marxismo. A propósito de algumas ideias sobre o trabalho assalariado. História & Luta de Classes, 14, 23–27.
Matthews, J. F. (1990). Western aristocracies and imperial court. AD 364-425. Oxford: Oxford University.
Mattingly, D. J., & Hitchner, B. (1995). Africa: an Archaeological Review. The Journal of Roman Studies, 165–213.
Morley, Neville. Theories, Models, and Concepts in Ancient History. London: Routledge, 2004.
North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (1997). Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III. Paris.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (2000). Rural Settlement economy in northern Gaul in the Late Empire: an overview and assessment. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 13, 133–160.
Redknap, M. (1988). Medieval pottery production at Mayen. In D. R. M. et al Gaimster (Org.), Zur Keramik des Mittelalters und der beginnenden Neuzeit im Rheinland (p. 3–37). Oxford: BAR I 440.
Saller, R. (2005). Framing the Debate over Growth in the Ancient Economy. In I. Morris & J. G. Manning, The Ancient Economy. Evidence and Models (p. 223–238). Stanford: Stanford Univesity.
Scheidel, W., Morris, I., & Saller, R. (Orgs.). (2007). The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Schiavone, A. (2005). Uma História Rompida. Roma Antiga e Ocidente Moderno. São Paulo: Edusp.
Staerman, E. M. (1980). La caída del regimen esclavista. In C. Estepa (Org.), La transición del esclavismo al feudalismo (p. 59–107). Madrid: Akal.
Tuffi, S. R. (1993). Le Gallie Setentrionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 429–441). Torino: Einaudi.
Van Ossel, P. (2006). Rural Impoverishment in Northern Gaul at the End of Antiquity: The Contribution of Archaeology. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Social and Political Life in Late Antiquity (p. 534–565). Leiden: Brill.
Vera, D. (1986). Forme e Funzioni della Rendita Fondiaria nella Tarda Antiquità. In A. Giardina (Org.), Societá Romana e Impero TardoAntico. Instituzioni, Ceti, Economie. (Vol. I, p. 367–447). Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Ward-Perkins, B. (2000). Land, Laborand Settlement. In A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins, & M. Whitby (Orgs.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600 (Vol. XIV, p. 315–345).
Ward-Perkins, B. (2005). The Fall of Rome: and the end of civilization. Oxford: Oxford University.
Wickham, C. (2005). Framing the Early Middle Ages. Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800. Oxford: Oxford Univesity.
Wightman, E. M. (1978). Peasants and Potentates: An investigation of Social Structure and Land Tenure in Roman Gaul. AJAH, 97–128.
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2017-12-31
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SILVA, Uiran Gebara da. Arqueologia rural galo-romana e ideologia moderna. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, São Paulo, Brasil, n. 28, 2017. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2017.125984. Disponível em: https://revistas.usp.br/revmae/article/view/125984.. Acesso em: 16 abr. 2024.
