Filhos de imigrantes nos Estados Unidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702008000100002Palavras-chave:
Segunda geração, Imigrantes, Assimilação, Aculturação, Estados UnidosResumo
Este artigo resume um programa de pesquisa sobre a segunda geração de imigrantes iniciado no princípio dos anos de 1990 e completado em 2006. As quatro ondas de aplicação do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Filhos de Imigrantes (ELFI) são descritas e os principais modelos teóricos que emergiram dele são apresentados e resumidos de forma gráfica. Após considerar as abordagens críticas a essa teoria, apresentamos os mais recentes resultados desse programa de pesquisa longitudinal em forma de modelos quantitativos que prevêem a assimilação descendente no início da vida adulta e entrevistas qualitativas que identificam modos de escapar dessa condição por filhos de imigrantes em situação de desvantagem social. Os resultados quantitativos sustentam fortemente os efeitos previstos de variáveis exógenas identificadas pela teoria da assimilação segmentada e identificam os fatores intervenientes durante a adolescência que medeiam sua influência nos resultados obtidos na vida adulta. Evidências qualitativas, reunidas durante o último estágio do estudo, apontam para três fatores que podem levar a êxitos educacionais excepcionais entre jovens em situação de desvantagem social.
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