New records of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Nycteribiidae) from Colombia

. The Nycteribiidae is a group of ectoparasitic and hematophagous flies associated with bats and barely known in Colombia. The revision of previously collected material and additional fieldwork through various regions in Colombia let us to identify various fly species and their associated bats. Particularly, this is the first record of the species Basilia tiptoni Guimarães, 1966, for Colombia, collected on the bat Gardnerycteris keenani (Handley, 1960) (Mammalia: Chiroptera), from the Antioquia and Sucre departments. Additionally, and as a new geographic and host record, the species Basilia ferrisi Schuurmans Stekhoven, Jr., 1931 was found on the bat Eptesicus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819) from the Sucre department.


INTRODUCTION
The Nycteribiidae Samouelle, 1819, is a group of ectoparasitic and hematophagous flies associated with bats. These flies have a very specific lifecycle which shares with other families within Hippoboscoidea (adenotrophic viviparity); in their life cycle, the larvae develop through their three larval instars inside the female, feeding on "milk" glands. Thereafter, the female abandons the host only to deposit the mature larva on the cave walls or the soil, nearby the bat, and it pupates almost immediately (Dick & Pospischil, 2015). Morphologically, Nycteribiidae species can be recognized by their spider-like shape; dorsoventrally flattened body; head bent backwards over the thorax at rest; highly reduced compound eyes, either no visible eyes or only rudimentary eye spots (however, eyes are present in the American genera Basilia and Hershkovitzia); two-segmented antennae without scape; palps with one segment; absent wings and scutellum; reduced, dorsally membranous and ventrally sclerotized thorax; halteres present; legs dorsally inserted, with ctenidium between anterior and middle insertions; and abdomen sexually dimorphic: in general, it is more dilated in females, and males with the visible structure of genitalia formed by two anteriorly bent claspers under the abdominal apex (Peterson & Wenzel, 1987;Guimarães & d'Andretta, 1956).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
As part of several mammal surveys, bat netting was done in different locations from departments Antioquia and Sucre (see details below); mist nets of 12 × 2.5 m were used to capture the chiropterans, and nets were left opened between 17:30 and 22:00 hours. The bats were manipulated with gloves and most of them were identified in the field through the Muñoz (1995) and Gardner's (2008) keys. After that, all the detected ectoparasitic flies were captured with soft tweezers from the bats' surface and stored in 96% ethanol vials. These fly specimens were deposited in the Colección Entomológica Universidad de Antioquia (CEUA). Catalogued fly records will be available as a GEUA dataset through SiB Colombia (Wolff et al., 2023: https://doi.org/10.15472/tyebaw). Equally, some bat individuals were collected and deposited in the Colección Teriológica de la Universidad de Antioquia (CTUA); catalogued bat records will be available as datasets through the SiB-Colombia (Solari, 2021: https://doi. org/10.15472/hkwiav).
Finally, an occurrence map for Basilia species was constructed in ArcMap, including the herein presented records, the museum specimens (some type localities) listed in the Catalogue of Diptera of Colombia (Graciolli et al., 2016) and the recently recorded species B. ferrisi (Pastrana-Montiel et al., 2019). For most of those records the original listed localities were georreferenced and completed or corrected, this was necessary as some of the specific localities lack full details (e.g., municipalities) or were assigned to another department not consigned in the original labels, but the specific localities allowed us to find and solve those inconsistences (Fig. 2). These two incorrect department assignments occurred in Basilia ferrisi (one from Norte de Santander, and the other from Córdoba; Table 1).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 23 specimens were examined, which belonged to the genus Basilia. The herein identified species were: Basilia tiptoni Guimarães, 1966 (Fig. 1A, B), which constitutes a new record for the country from the departments of Antioquia and Sucre associated with the bat Gardnerycteris keenani (Handley, 1960); and Basilia ferrisi (Fig. 1C, D) associated with Myotis riparius Handley, 1960 and Eptesicus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819); this is the first report of E. brasiliensis as host for B. ferrisi as well as the first record of the latter for the Sucre department. This increases to nine the number of species from the genus Basilia registered in Colombia (i.e., Graciolli et al., 2016; Table 1).
Basilia tiptoni belongs to the ferruginea species group due to morphological characteristics of the female: two abdominal tergites and the second one with two differentiated lobes (Graciolli, 2010). This species was described based on female and male specimens collected in Panama (Bocas del Toro), in a host reported as  Lonchorhina or Tonatia, and two preserved males, one with a label that recorded the host as "like Tonatia", and another one collected from Gardnerycteris keenani (recorded as Mimon crenulatum; Guimarães, 1966); the species has been recorded in Brazil, Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela (Graciolli et al., 2007). The Mimon crenulatum bat species was recently included in the genus Gardnerycteris (Hurtado & Pacheco, 2014) and thereafter divided in the species G. keenani and G. crenulatum with specific geographic distributions (i.e., Hurtado & D'Elia, 2018). Therefore, according to the host distribution, the B. tiptoni records from Graciolli et al. (2007) probably comes from G. keenani for Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama, and from G. crenulatum for Venezuela and Brazil. Thus, this species would have also a second degree of specificity like it was proposed for B. ferrisi (i.e., Pastrana-Montiel et al., 2019), because it keeps associated with two bat species in a solely genus (Gardnerycteris). This is a high specificity degree and each fly species distribution is associated with the distribution of their hosts (G. keenani and G. crenulatum). Basilia ferrisi is in the speiseri species group because females have two abdominal tergites and the second one has a slightly rounded posterior margin (Graciolli, 2010). This species is distributed in Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guyana, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela (Graciolli et al., 2007(Graciolli et al., , 2016Raigosa Álvarez et al., 2020) and the herein presented record, extend its geographic distribution to the Sucre department. Basilia ferrisi has been registered in a wide host diversity from the Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae families (Graciolli et al., 2007), and here we add the vespertilionid bat Eptesicus brasiliensis.

CONCLUSIONS
This report increases the number of Basilia species for Colombia, by adding two geographic records (from the same specific host) of Basilia tiptoni. Also, a new host (Eptesicus brasiliensis) and geographic record (from Sucre department) are added for B. ferrisi. These records update the distribution information (Fig. 2) and the knowledge of natural history for Nycteribiidae species in the country. Biológicas", project code 88829: "Sistematización y Digitalización de la Colección Entomológica Universidad de Antioquia-CEUA". Also, by the "Convocatoria CODI Mediana cuantía 2011, Universidad de Antioquia", for the project "Diversidad y ecología de Mamíferos (Carnivora y Chiroptera) en el Bosque seco Tropical del Caribe Colombiano". ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We acknowledge Daisy Gómez, Camilo Calderón and Juan M. Martínez-Cerón for their kind help and advice during fieldwork and in the early stages of JAC career. We are very grateful to the reviewers and the editor, for their valuable contributions to this work during the review process.