Spatial distribution of equine seroreagent to Leptospira spp. in Northeastern Brazil

Authors

  • Davidianne de Andrade Morais Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-1419
  • Camila de Sousa Bezerra Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-2555
  • Denize Monteiro dos Anjos Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-0102
  • Bruno Cesar Nunes Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-2526
  • Denise Batista Nogueira Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-2995
  • Nebson Fernandes Pequeno Laboratório Veterinária Diagnósticos, Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-3695
  • Diego Figueiredo da Costa Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2698-2060
  • Severino Silvano dos Santos Higino Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-7481
  • Sérgio Santos Azevedo Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1777-7348
  • Clebert José Alves Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis, Patos – PB, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-955X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2019.162784

Keywords:

Epidemiology, Zoonosis, Bacterium, Spatialization, Animal health

Abstract

Considering the importance of leptospirosis in both equine husbandry and public health, as well as the relevance of knowledge of current serogroup and the small number of studies addressing this disease in equines in Northeastern Brazil, the present study performed a serological survey of Leptospira spp. in a serum bank of 1,267 equines originating from 177 municipalities, located in four states in Northeastern Brazil: Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used for diagnosis of leptospirosis using 24 serovars as antigens. The frequency of reagent equines was 29.7% (376/1,267), and 68.9% (122/177) of municipalities had at least one positive reaction. The serogroups reagent were Australis (37.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (29.3%), Tarassovi (9.6%), Sejroe (5.8%), Pomona (5.3%), Grippotyphosa (4.5%), Pyrogenes (2.4%), Bataviae (1.9%), Ballum and Hebdomadis (1.3%), Mini (0.5%), Celledoni, Shermani, and Javanica (0.3% each). There were significant statistical differences regarding sex and age, with a higher frequency in females (P= 0.014), and in animals ≥ 6 years (P=0.001). We concluded that seropositivity to Leptospira spp. is high in equines in Northeastern Brazil, with a predominance of serologic reactions to the Australis serogroup in the border areas between the states, and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in coastal areas or their vicinity. The high degree of seropositivity found points to the need to implement prophylactic strategies, both intraspecies infection prophylaxis and rodent control. We also recommended avoiding animal crowding and separating animals according to sex and age group during handling.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alves JRA, Oliveira KDS, Costa DF, Fernandes LG, Higino SSS, Alves CJ, Santos CSAB, Azevedo SS. Epidemiological characterization of leptospirosis in horses in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Arq Inst Biol. 2016;83(1):1- 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657001032014.

Alves LB, Medeiros RB, Silva CA, Berezuk AG. The relationship between leptospirosis, rains and government actions at Mato Grosso do Sul state – Brazil. Rev Eletrônica Ass Geo Bra. 2018;14(28):1-18.

Araújo SMS. A região semiárida do nordeste do Brasil: questões ambientais e possibilidades de uso sustentável dos recursos. Rev Cien FASETE, 2011;5(5):89-98.

Artiushin SC, Timoney JF, Balasuriya UB, Erol E, Sells SF. Real-time PCR for detection of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona type kennewicki in equine clinical specimens. J Equine Vet Sci. 2012;32(10):53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jevs.2012.08.117.

Ayres M, Ayres M Jr, Ayres DL, Santos AS. Bioestat 5.0 - Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das ciências biomédicas. Belém: ONG Mamiraua; 2007. p. 1-364.

Braga J, Hamond C, Martins M, Abreu RN, Lilenbaum W. Ophthalmic alterations in horses with leptospirosis by serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pesq Vet Bras. 2011;31(2):147-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S0100-736X2011000200009.

Caselani K, Oliveira PR, Ferraudo AS, Lima-Ribeiro AMC, Gírio RJS. Leptospirosis seroepidemiological study in horses used for urban traction. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2012;71(3):582-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2012/issn-3821-7303.

Coelho EGA, Oliveira DAA. Testes genéticos na equideocultura. Rev Bras Zootec. 2008;37(1):202-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S1516-35982008001300023.

Dashliboron OJ, Hassanpour A, Abdollahpour GR. Serological study of leptospirosis in horses in Gonbad, Iran. Glob Vet. 2013;10(1):51-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/ idosi.gv.2013.10.1.71122.

Dias HLT, Santos WRR, Lima PDL, Araújo CV, Negrão AMG, Vasconcellos SA. Inquérito sorológico para leptospirose em condutores de carroças e equídeos de tração em Belém, Pará. Rev Ciênc Agrár. 2015;58(4):396-401. http://dx.doi. org/10.4322/rca.2013.

Ellis WA. Animal leptospirosis. Current Top in Microb and Immun. 2015;387(1):99-137. Ellis WA. Leptospirosis as cause of reproductive failure. Vet Clin of North America: Food and Animal Practice. 1994;10(1):463-78.

Finger MA, Dornbusch PT, Bonfá AF, Dornbusch LPTC, Deconto I, Filho IRB. Comparison of two techniques in equine orchiectomy, employed in the instruction of the veterinary surgical technique. Arch Vet Sci. 2011;16(3):53- 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v16i3.20540.

Hamond C, Martins G, Lawson FR, Medeiros MA, Lilenbaum W. The role of horses in the transmission of leptospirosis in an urban tropical area. Epidemiol Infect. 2012b;15(1):1-3. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268812000416. PMid:22417781.

Hamond C, Martins G, Lilenbaum W. Subclinical leptospirosis may impair athletic performance in racing horses. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2012a;44(8):1927-30. http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s11250-012-0158-5. PMid:22547110.

Hamond C, Pinna A, Martins G, Lilenbaum W. The role of leptospirosis in reproductive disorders in horses. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014;46(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s11250-013-0459-3. PMid:23990441.

Hashimoto VY, Gonçalves DD, Silva FG, Oliveira RC, Alves LA, Reichmann P, Muller EE, Freitas JC. Occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in horses of the urban area of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop. 2007;49(5):327-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036- 46652007000500010. PMid:18026641.

Langoni H, Silva AV, Pezerico SB, Lima VY. Anti-leptospire Agglutinins in Equine Sera, from São Paulo, Goias, and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 1996-2001. J of Venom Animals and Tox Includ Trop Diseas. 2004;10(3):207-18. http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/S1678-91992004000300003.

Lasta CS, Oliveira ST, Merini LP, Dasso MG, Pedralli V, González FHD. Anti-Leptospira agglutinins in horses in Porto Alegre city, Brazil. Rev Bras Cienc Vet. 2013;20(1):23- 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbcv.2014.051.

Lima RAS, Cintra AG. Revisão do estudo do complexo do agronegócio do cavalo. Brasília: Câmara de Equideocultura do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento; 2016. 56 p. Maleki S, Sookhtehzari A, Abdollahpour G, Rahnein M. Seroepidemiologic Study of Horses Leptospirosis in Khorramabad, west Iran. Bul Tekn Tanam. 2015;12(1):135- 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201421565973.

Martins G, Lilenbaum W. The panorama of animal leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, regarding the seroepidemiology of the infection in tropical regions. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9(1):237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746- 6148-9-237. PMid:24289165.

OIE: Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal. Manual of diagnostic Tests and vacines for Terrestrial Animals, Paris: World Organization for Animal Health; 2014. Chapter 3.1.12, Leptospirosis.

Oliveira MAA, Leal ÉA, Correia MA, Serufo Filho JC, Dias RS, Serufo JC. Human leptospirosis: occurrence of serovars of Leptospira spp. in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2008 to 2012. Braz J Microbiol. 2017;4(8):483-8. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2016.12.010. PMid:28365095.

Pilgrim S, Threlfall WR. A serologic study of leptospirosis in 20 mares. Vet Clin N Am-Equine. 1999;21(1):20-3 Pinna MH, Varges R, Lilenbaum W. Application of an integrated program of leptospirosis control in horses from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Bras Cienc Vet. 2008;15(2):63-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbcv.2014.199.

Pinto PS, Libonati H, Lilenbaum W. A systematic review of leptospirosis on dogs, pigs, and horses in Latin America. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2017;49(2):231-8. http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s11250-016-1201-8. PMid:27909915.

Polo N, Machado G, Rodrigues R, Nájera Hamrick P, MunozZanzi C, Pereira MM, Bercini M, Timm LN, Schneider MC. A one health approach to investigating Leptospira serogroups and their spatial distributions among humans and animals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2013–2015. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2019;4(42):1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ tropicalmed4010042. PMid:30818803.

Rocha T, Ellis WA, Montgomery J, Gilmore C, Regalla J, Brem S. Microbiological and serological study of leptospirosis in horses at slaughter: first isolations. Vet Sci. 2004;76(3):199-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.12.003. PMid:15046953.

Sellon DC, Long MT. Equine infectious diseases. Saint Louis: Elsevier; 2007. 664 p. SINAN: Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Leptospirose-banco de dados [Internet]. Brasília: SINAN; 2018 [cited 2019 Dec 4]. Available from: http://portalsinan. saude.gov.br/leptospirose.

Teixeira G, Sarmento LC, Silva ECP, Silva MB, Abreu DRO, Hélio SL. Aspectos clínicos e levantamento sorológico da leptospirose em equídeos de carga do município de Marechal Deodoro, estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Ciênc Vet Tróp. 2014;17(3):19.

Verma A, Stevenson B, Adler B. Leptospirosis in horses. Vet Microbiol. 2013;167(1):6-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. vetmic.2013.04.012. PMid:23647816.

Downloads

Published

2020-03-02

Funding data

How to Cite

Spatial distribution of equine seroreagent to Leptospira spp. in Northeastern Brazil. (2020). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 56(4), e162784. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2019.162784