Occurrence of ticks on wild animals received and attended at the Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Ticks are ectoparasites of the class Arachnida that parasitize terrestrial vertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. This paper reports the occurrence of hard ticks on wild animals received and attended by the Veterinary Hospital of “Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros”, located in Sorocaba municipality, São Paulo state, Brazil. From September 1999 to May 2015, ticks were collected on wild animals of the Sorocaba region and other 20 municipalities in the state of São Paulo. Altogether, 43 larvae, 637 nymphs and 1,178 adults (631 males and 547 females) were identified, totaling 1,858 samples of 14 different tick species. During routine clinical examinations, two species of reptiles, a species of bird and 11 different species of mammals were inspected, resulting in 103 samples from wild animals. The following tick species were found: Amblyomma rotundatum on reptiles; Amblyomma sculptum on birds; and Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma calcaratum, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma nodosum, Amblyomma ovale, A. sculptum, Amblyomma varium, Ixodes aragaoi, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nitens on mammals. This study reports the first records of A. rotundatum females parasitizing Hydromedusa tectifera and Oxyrhopus guibei, A. dubitatum nymphs and H. juxtakochi nymphs on Chrysocyon brachyurus, A. brasiliense nymphs on Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla, and A. sculptum nymphs on Alouatta guariba and Sphiggurus villosus. Our results highlight zoos as a source of valuable information for the parasitological knowledge of Brazilian wildlife.