A crise econômica mundial e as crianças: um estudo de caso para os Estados Unidos
Resumo
Este é um retrospecto da experiência norte-americana com programas de saúde e assistência à infância, na presença de mudanças de tendência na economia. Nenhum dos sistemas de dados atualmente existente e inteiramente adequado para retratar o estado corrente de saúde das crianças. Uma consideração importante para analisar a saúde infantil nos Estados Unidos e enfocar subgrupos, tais como os que se encontram em desvantagem por razões de pobreza, discriminação ou isolamento geográfico. Existem amplas evidências de que as crianças que vivem na pobreza sofrem os reflexos adversos da situação sobre seu estado de saúde e de que a proporção de crianças vivendo na pobreza,
nos Estados Unidos, tern crescido ligeiramente desde 1975 e, dramaticamente, desde 1981. A maioria dos indicadores de
estado e risco de saúde para crianças mostrou ligeiras melhoras durante os anos setenta. 0 exercício de responsabilidade
pública, de financiar e prover serviços essenciais e assistência médica, manteve-se constante ou melhorou durante a recessão desse período, especialmente durante a crise de 1974-75. Desde 1981, o estado e o risco de saúde das crianças parecem ter sido afetados adversamente, fato este que pode ser atribuído a uma combinação de circunstancias que incluem séria recessão, crescimento nas taxas de pobreza entre famílias com filhos e redupção dos benefícios à saúde e serviços de assistência social. Estes resultados sugerem que, a partir do momento em que reversões econômicas a nível local ou geral são previstas, os serviços de saúde e assistência social às crianças devem ser expandidos e não contraídos.
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