Diferencial de desempenho entre jovens das escolas públicas e privadas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615126jfjfPalavras-chave:
Desempenho educacional;, Disparidades, Escolas privadas e públicasResumo
Esse artigo estuda as diferenças de desempenho entre alunos das redes pública e privada ao final do ensino médio. Utilizou-se os microdados do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio – ENEM no ano de 2017 e as técnicas de decomposição de Firpo, Fortin e Lemieux (2018) e Fortin, Lemieux e Firpo (2011). Os resultados mostraram que, ao olhar apenas para as decomposições na média e na mediana, o diferencial total de desempenho nas provas Objetivas, Matemática e Redação é explicado predominantemente pelas dotações dos estudantes (Efeito Composição). Dentro desse efeito destacam-se as diferenças relacionadas ao background da turma e ao background familiar dos estudantes. Por outro lado, quando se estuda as caldas da distribuição, verifica-se que nos quantis inferiores (q10 e q 25) o Efeito Estrutural foi mais importante, com exceção da prova de Redação. Nesses quantis o que mais explica as disparidades entre público e privado é a forma como os alunos utilizam em seu benefício o background da turma e as características dos docentes e da escola, conseguindo transformá-los em maiores pontuações.
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