Produtividade e crescimento econômico na América Latina: a abordagem da fronteira de produção estocástica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612007000100001Palavras-chave:
crescimento econômico, fronteira estocástica, produtividade total dos fatoresResumo
Este artigo analisa o desempenho da produtividade total de fatores e discute a experiência de crescimento econômico na América Latina. Com este objetivo, estima-se uma função fronteira de produção estocástica na forma de uma translog, com efeitos de ineficiência técnica, para um painel de 19 países, no período de 1961 a 1990. Utilizando-se o índice de produtividade total de Malmquist, o crescimento da produtividade é decomposto em dois componentes: variação tecnológica e variação de eficiência técnica. Por meio desta técnica consegue-se quantificar a contribuição da produtividade ao crescimento da América Latina, identificar as fontes de ineficiência técnica de produção e compreender os fatores determinantes do desempenho das economias latino-americanas. Neste aspecto, examina-se o desempenho relativo do Brasil no contexto da região, identificando-se fatores de natureza comum e aspectos diferenciais marcantes. Entre outras conclusões, a mais relevante é a de que a performance da produtividade total dos fatores foi a principal razão do baixo crescimento econômico da América Latina.Downloads
Referências
Aigner, D. J.; Lovell, C. A. K. Schmidt, P. Formulation and estimation of stochastic
frontier production functions models. Journal of Econometrics, v. 6, p. 21-37, 1977.
Arrow, K. The economic implications of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies,
, p. 155-173, 1962.
Barro, R.; Sala-I-Martin, X. Technological diffusion, convergence, and growth. NBER
Working Paper nº 5151, 1995.
Bauer, P. W. Recent developments in the econometric estimation of frontiers. Journal of Econometrics, v. 46, p. 39-56, 1990.
Battese, G. E. Frontier production function and technical efficiency: a survey of empirical applications in agricultural economics. Agricultural Economics, v. 7, p. 185-208, 1992.
Battese, G. E.; Coelli, T. J. A stochastic frontier production incorporating a model
for technical inneficiency effects. Working Papers in Econometrics and Applied
Statistics, N. 69, Departament of Econometrics, University of New England, Armidale, p. 22, 1993.
Battese, G. E.; Coelli, T. J. A model for technical inefficiency effects in stochastic frontier production functions for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20, p. 325-332, 1995.
Cass, D. Optimum growth in an aggregative model of capital accumulation. Review
of Economic Studies, 32, p. 233-240, 1965.
Caves, D. W.; Christensen, L. R.; Diewert, W. E. Multilateral comparisons of output,
input and productivity using superlative index number. Economic Journal, 92, p. 73-86, 1982a.
Caves, D. W.; Christensen, L. R.; Diewert, W. E. The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output and productivity. Econometrica, 50, p. 1393-1414, 1982b.
Coelli, T. J. A guide to FRONTIER version 4.1: a computer program for stochastic
frontier production and cost function estimation. CEPA Working Paper 07,
Coelli, T. J.; Rao, D. S. P.; Battese, G. E. An introduction to efficiency and productivity
analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
Conjuntura Econômica. Disponível em: http://www.fgv.br/ibre/cecon/redacao.asp.
Acesso em 15/10/ 2002.
De Gregorio, J. Economic growth in Latin America. Journal of Development Economics,
, p. 59-84, 1992.
De Gregorio, J.; Lee, Jong-Wha. Economic growth in Latin America: sources and
perspectives. Global Network Conferences, Cairo, 1999.
Denison, E. F. Classification of sources of growth. Review of Income and Wealth, 18,
p. 1-25, 1972.
Diewert, W. E. Exact and superlative index numbers. Journal of Econometrics, 4, p.
-145, 1976.
Duffy, J.; Papageorgiou, C. A cross-country empirical investigation of the aggregate
production function specification. Journal of Economic Growth, 5, p. 87-120,
Easterly, W.; Levine, R. What have we learned from a decade of empirical research
on growth? It’s Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models.
World Bank Economic Review, v. 15, n. 2, p. 177-219, 2001.
Färe, R.; Grosskopt, S. M.; Zhang, Z. Productivity growth, technical progress and
efficiency change in industrialized countries. American Economic Review, 64, p.
-83, 1994.
Farrell, M. J. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of Royal Satatistical
Society, Series A, CXX, Part 3, p. 253-290, 1957.
Forsund, F. R.; Lovell, C. A. K.; Schmidt, P. A survey of frontier productivity functions
and their relationship to efficiency measurement. Journal of Econometrics,
v. 13, p. 5-25, 1980.
Foxley, A. Latin America experiments in neoconservative economics. Berkley, CA: University
of California Press, 1983.
Fried, H. O.; Lovell, C. A. K.; Schmidt, S. S. (eds.), The measurement of productive
efficiency: techniques and applications. New York: Oxford University Press,
Green, W. I. I. The econometric approach to efficiency analysis. In: Fried, H. O.;
Lovell, C. A. K.; Schmidt, S. S. (eds.), The measurement of productivity efficiency:
techniques and applications. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 68-
Griliches, Zvi. The discovery of the residual: a historical note. Journal of Economic
Literature, v. 34, n. 1, p. 1324-1330, sept. 1996.
Grosskopf, S. Efficiency and productivity. In: Fried, H. O.; Lovell, C. A. K.; Schmidt,
S. S. (eds.), The measurement of productivity efficiency: techniques and applications.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 160-194.
Heston, A.; Summers, R.; Aten, B. Penn World Table Version 6.1 Center for International
Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania (CICUP), oct. 2002.
Hulten, Charles R. Total factor of productivity: a short biography. NBER Working
Paper n. 7471, jan. 2000, 75p.
IMFUND/DSBB. Disponível em: http://dsbb.imf.org/Applications/web/dsbbhome/.
Acesso em 15 jan 2003.
Klein, P. G.; Luu, H. Politics and productivity. Merril Lynch Capital Markets Bank
Ltd., 2001.
Kneller, R.; Stevens, P. A. The specification of the aggregate production function in
the presence of inefficiency. Economic Letters, 81, p. 223-226, 2003.
Kode, D. A.; Palm, F. C. Wald criteria for jointly testing equality and inequality restrictions.
Econometrica, Notes and Comments, v. 54, n. 5, p. 1243-1248, 1986.
Kohli, U. An implicit Törnqvist index of real GDP. Journal of Productivity Analysis,
, p. 337-353, 2004.
Koopmans, T. C. On the concept of optimal economic growth. In: The Economic
approach to development planning. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1965.
Kormendi, Roger C.; Meguire, Philip G. Macroeconomic determinants of growth:
cross-country evidence. Journal of Monetary Economics, v. 16, n. 2, p. 141-163,
Landau, Daniel L. Government expenditure and economic growth: a cross-country
study. Southern Economic Journal, v. 49, n. 3, p. 783-792, 1983.
Lucas, R. E. On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics,
, p. 3-42, 1988.
Macedo, B. G. As idéias de Raúl Prebisch sobre a industrialização periférica:1949-1954.
Dissertação (Mestrado), Campinas: IE/Unicamp, São Paulo.
Malmqüist, S. Index number and indiference curves. Trabajos de Estadística, v. 4, n.
, p. 209-42, 1953.
Meeusen, W.; van den Broeck. Efficiency estimation from COBB-DOUGLAS production
with composed error. International Economics Review, 32, p. 715-723,
Miller, S.; Upadhyay, M. P. The effects of openness, trade orientation, and human
capital on total factor productivity. Journal of Development Economics, v. 63, p.
-423, 2000.
Nuxoll, D. A. Differences in relative prices and international differences in growth
rates. American Economic Review, v. 84, n. 5, p. 1423-1436, 1994.
Ramos, J. Neoconservative economics in southern cone of Latin America, 1973-198 3.
Baltimore, M. D.: John Hopkins University Press, 1988.
Ramsey, F. P. A mathematical theory of saving. Economic Journal, 38, p. 543-559,
Reinhardt, N.; Peres, W. Latin America´s new economics model: micro responses and
economic restructuring. World Development, v. 28, n. 9, p. 1543-1566, 2000.
Romer, P. Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94,
p. 1002-1037, 1986.
Romer, P. Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, part 2,
p. S71-S102, 1990.
Schmidt, P. Frontier production function. Econometric Reviews, v. 4, p. 289-328, 1986.
Scully, Geral W. The size of the state, economic growth and the efficient utilization
of national resources. Public Choice, v. 63, n. 2, p. 149-164, nov. 1989.
Sheshinski, E. Optimal accumulation with learning-by-doing. In: Shell, K. (ed.),
Essays on the theory of optimal economic growth. Cambridge: MIT press, 1967.
Senhadji, A. Sources of economic growth: an extensive growth accounting exercise.
IMF Working Paper, WP/99/77, 1999.
Solow, R. M. A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of
Economics, v. 70, n. 1, p. 65-94, Feb. 1956.
Solow, R. M. Technical change and the aggregate production function. Review of Economic
and Statistics, 39, p. 312-320, 1957.
The World Bank Group/Economic Growth Research. Disponível em: http://www.
worldbank.org/research/growth/GNDdata.htm. Acesso em 12 out. 2002.
Wu, Y. Is China´s economic growth sustainable?. A productivity analysis. China Economic Review, 11, p. 278-296, 2000.
Younc, A. The tyranny of numbers: confronting the statistical realities of the east asian
growth experience. NBER Working Paper n° 4680, p. 1-39, 1994.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2007 Emerson Marinho, Almir Bittencourt
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
A submissão de artigo autoriza sua publicação e implica o compromisso de que o mesmo material não esteja sendo submetido a outro periódico.
A revista não paga direitos autorais aos autores dos artigos publicados.
O detentor dos direitos autorais da revista é o Departamento de Economia da Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Atuária da Universidade de São Paulo.
