O modelo Z-D e a função emprego: descrições gráficas à luz da Teoria Geral de Keynes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612010000400005Palavras-chave:
Keynes, função emprego, modelo Z-D, Princípio da Demanda EfetivaResumo
Este artigo compara três versões do modelo Z-D que descrevem graficamente a função emprego de Keynes. Ao mesmo tempo, o artigo corrige a redação dada por Keynes, na Teoria Geral, à descrição desta função. O artigo conclui que as versões em pauta têm o mérito de demonstrar que é possível descrever a função emprego através de um diagrama inspirado no conceito de demanda efetiva e considerando suposições menos restritas que as utilizadas por Keynes.
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Referências
AMADEO, E. J. S. Keynes’s principle of effective demand. London: Edward Elgar,
1989.
AMBROSI, G. M. Keynes and the 45-degree cross. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,
v. 3, p. 503-509, 1981.
ARTHMAR, R.; BRADY, M. E. Patinkin, Keynes and the Z curve. History of Economic
Ideas, v. 17, p. 127-146, 2009.
ASIMAKOPULOS, A. Keynes’s theory of effective demand revisited. Australian
Economic Papers, v. 21, p. 18-36, 1982.
BRADY, M. E. The mathematical development of Keynes’s aggregate supply function
in the general theory. History of Political Economy, v. 22, p. 167-172, 1990.
BRADY, M. E. A comparison-contrast of J. M. Keynes’ mathematical modeling approach
in the general theory with some of his general theory interpreters, especially J.
E. Meade. History of Economics Review, v. 25, p. 129-159, 1996.
BRADY, M. E. A study of the 1954-1956 Economic Journal aggregate supply function debate
and the post-keynesian theoretical wrong turn. Indian Journal of Applied
Economics, v. 8, p. 57-74, 1999a.
BRADY, M. E. A note on Don Patinkin´s misspecification of Keynes´s consumption function
and misinterpretation of Keynes’ elasticity analysis in chapter 10 of the general
theory. Indian Journal of Applied Economics, v. 8, 147-152, 1999b.
BRADY, M. E. A mathematical proof of Keynes’ general case. International Journal of Applied
Economics and Econometrics, v. 10, p. 422-430. 2002.
BRADY, M. E. Essays on J. M. Keynes and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004.
BRADY, M. E. The role of mathematical illiteracy in the controversy over J. M. Keynes’
general theory – the ‘what did Keynes really mean’ debate. In: _____. Essays
on J. M. Keynes and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004, p. 347-378, 2004a.
BRADY, M. E. J.M. Keynes’ theory of effective demand – correcting the mathematical errors
of P. Davidson, V. Chick, J. Nevile, D. Fusfeld et al. In: ______. Essays on
J. M. Keynes and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004, 2004b. p. 463-490.
BRADY, M. E. Correcting the mathematical errors of E. Roy Weintraub, A. Leijonhufvud, P. Wells, and D. Patinkin in history of political economy concerning Keynes’
employment function from 1974-1989. In: ______. Essays on J. M. Keynes
and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004, 2004c. p. 524-532.
BRADY, M. E. A guide for economists who are having trouble reading chapter 3 of J.M.
Keynes’ General Theory. In: ______. The applied mathematics of J .M. Keynes’
theory of effective demand in the general theory: correcting the mathematical
errors of the economics profession. Xlibris Corporation, 2006. p. 129-136.
CASAROSA, C. Un contributo all’analisi dei fondamenti microeconomici della
teoria keynesiana della domanda effettiva. Rivista di Politica Economica, v. 11,
p. 1371-409, 1978.
CASAROSA, C. The microfoundations of Keynes’s aggregate supply and expected demand
analysis. Economic Journal, v. 361, p. 188-194, 1981.
CASAROSA, C. Aggregate supply and expected demand analysis in Keynes’ General Theory:
an essay on the micro-foundations. In: BARANZINI, M. (Ed.). Advances in
economic theory. London: Blackwell, 1982. p. 67-79.
CASAROSA, C. The microfoundations of Keynes’s aggregate supply and expected demand
analysis: a reply. Economic Journal, v. 94, p. 941-5, 1984.
CHICK, V. Macroeconomics after Keynes: a reconsideration of the general theory.
Oxford: Philip Alan. 1983.
CHICK, V. A comment on John Nevile’s notes on aggregate supply. Journal of Post
Keynesian Economics, v. 15, p. 261-262, 1992.
DAVIDSON, P. More on aggregate supply function. Economic Journal, v. 72, p.
452-457, 1962.
DAVIDSON, P. Patinkin’s interpretation of Keynes and the Keynesian cross. History of
Political Economy, v. 21, p. 549-453, 1989a.
DAVIDSON, P. Corrected version of Patinkin’s interpretation of Keynes and the Keynesian
cross. History of Political Economy, v. 21, p. 737-741, 1989b.
DAVIDSON, P.; SMOLENSKY, E. Aggregate supply and demand analysis. London: Harper & Row, 1964.
DE JONG, F. J. Supply functions in Keynesian economics. Economic Journal, v. 64,
p. 3-24, 1954a.
DE JONG, F. J. Keynes and supply functions: a rejoinder. Economic Journal, v. 64, p. 840-
842, 1954b.
DE JONG, F. J. Keynes and supply functions: second rejoinder with a note on the concept
of monetary equilibrium. Economic Journal, v. 65, p. 479-484, 1955.
DE JONG, F. J. Third rejoinder and final observations. Economic Journal, v. 66, p. 488-92,
1956.
DICKSON, H. How did Keynes conceive the entrepreneurs´motivation? Notes on
Patinkin´s hypothesis. History of Political Economy, v. 15, p. 229-247, 1983.
DILLARD, D. The Economics of John Maynard Keynes – The theory of a monetary
economy. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948.
FERREIRA, R. S.; MICHEL, P. Reflections on the microeconomic foundations of the
Keynesian aggregate supply function. In: BARRERE, A. (Ed.). The foundation
of Keynesian analysis. London: Macmillan, 1988. p. 251-262.
FERREIRA, R. S.; MICHEL, P. Keynes’ Aggregate Supply Function and the Principle of Effective Demand.
Recherches Économiques de Louvain, v. 57, n. 2, p. 159-187, 1991.
FUSFELD, D. R. Keynes and the Keynesian cross: a note. History of Political Economy,
v. 17, p. 385-389, 1985.
FUSFELD, D. R. Keynes and the Keynesian cross: reply to Don Partinkin. History of Political
Economy, v. 21, p. 545-547, 1989.
HANSEN, A. H. A guide to Keynes. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill, 1953.
HARTWIG, J. Keynes vs the post Keynesians on the principle of effective demand.
European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, v. 14, p. 725-739,
2007.
HARTWIG, J.; BRADY, M. E. Comment: Hayes on Z. Cambridge Journal of Economics,
v. 32, p. 815-819, 2008.
HAWTREY, R. G. Keynes and supply functions. Economic Journal, v. 64, p. 834-
839, 1954.
HAWTREY, R. G. Keynes and supply functions – a further note. Economic Journal, v. 66, p.
482-484, 1956.
HAYES, G. M. Keynes’s Z function, heterogeneous output and marginal productivity.
Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 31, p. 741-53, 2007.
HAYES, G. M. Keynes’s Z function – a reply to Hartwig and Brady. Cambridge Journal of
Economics. v. 32, p. 811-814, 2008.
HENNEBERRY, B.; WITTE, J. G. Keynes’ employment function reexamined. History
of Political Economy, v. 8, p. 428-434, 1976.
HICKS, J. R. Mr. Keynes and the ‘classics’: a suggested interpretation. Econometrica,
v. 5, p. 147-159, 1937.
KEYNES, J. M. The general theory of employment, interest and Money. London:
Macmillan Press Ltd., 1936.
KING, J. E. Aggregate supply and demand analysis since Keynes: a partial history.
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, v. 17, p. 3-32, 1994.
KLEVORICK, A. K. A note on a Keynesian aggregate employment function. International
Economic Review, v. 7, p. 226-230, 1996.
KOENIG, G. Les fondements microéconomiques du principe de la demande effective.
Revue Économique, v. 31, p. 430-464, 1980.
KOENIG, G. Le concept keynesien de cout d’usage et les previsions du producteur. Revue
Économique, v. 37, p. 697-722, 1986.
KOOROS, A. Keynes’ aggregate supply function – a comment. Economic Journal,
v. 71, p. 849, 1961.
LEIJONHUFVUD, A. Keynes employment function: comment. History of Political
Economy, v. 6, p. 164-170, 1974.
MARTY, A. The aggregate supply function. Metroeconomica, v. 11, p. 179-
187,1959.
MARTY, A. A geometrical exposition of the Keynesian supply function. Economic Journal,
v. 71, p. 560-565, 1961.
MARTY, A. The aggregate supply function once again. Economic Enquiry, v. 19, p. 350-
351, 1981.
NEISSEN, H. Keynes’ aggregate supply function - further comments. Economic
Journal, v. 71, p. 850-852, 1961.
NEVILE, J. Notes on Keynes’s aggregate supply curve. Journal of Post Keynesian
Economics, v. 15, p. 255-260, 1992.
PARRINELLO, S. The price level implicit in Keynes´s effective demand. Journal of
Post Keynesian Economics, v. 3, p. 63-87, 1980.
PASINETTI, L. L. The principle of effective demand. In: HARCOURT, G. C.; RIACH,
R. A. (Ed.). A ‘second edition’ of the general theory. London: Routledge,
1997. p. 93-104. v. I.
PATINKIN, D. Involuntary unemployment and the Keynesian supply function.
Economic Journal, v. 59, p. 360-83, 1949.
PATINKIN, D. Keynes’ monetary thought: a study of its development. History of Political
Economy, v. 8, p. 1-150, 1976.
PATINKIN, D. The aggregate supply function: a correction. History of Political Economy,
v. 9, p. 156-9, 1977.
PATINKIN, D. Keynes’s aggregate supply function: a plea for common sense. History of
Political Economy, v. 10, p. 577-596, 1978.
PATINKIN, D. A study of Keynes’ theory of effective demand. Economic Enquiry, v. 17,
p. 155-176, 1979.
PATINKIN, D. A critique of Keynes’ theory of effective demand. In: Anticipations of the
general theory? And other essays on Keynes. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1984. p. 123-162.
PATINKIN, D. Keynes and the Keynesian cross: a further note. History of Political Economy,
v. 21, p. 537-544, 1989.
ROBERTS, D. L. Patinkin, Keynes, and aggregate supply and demand analysis. History
of Political Economy, v. 10, p. 549-576, 1978.
ROBERTSON, D. H. Keynes and supply functions. Economic Journal, v. 66, p.
485-487, 1956.
ROBERTSON, D. H.; JOHNSON, H. G. Keynes and supply functions. Economic Journal, v. 65,
p. 474-478, 1955.
SOPER, C. S. The supply curve in Keynesian economics. South African Journal of
Economics, v. 24, p. 1-8, 1956.
TARSHIS, L. The elements of economics: an introduction of the theory of price and
employment. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947.
TARSHIS, L. The aggregate supply function in Keynes’s general theory. In: BOSKIN, M.
(Ed.). Economics and human welfare: essays in honour of Tibor Scitovsky. New
York: Academic Press, 1979. p. 361-92.
TORR, C. S. W. Microfoundations for Keynes’s point of effective demand. South
African Journal of Economics, v. 49, p. 334-348, 1981.
TORR, C. S. W. The microfoundations of Keynes’s aggregate supply and expected demand
analysis: a comment. Economic Journal, v. 94, p. 936-940, 1984.
TORR, C. S. W. The dual role of user cost in the derivation of Keynes’s aggregate supply
function. Review of Political Economy, v. 4, p. 1-17, 1992.
VEENDORP, E. C. H.; WERKEMA, H. G. Mr. Well’s aggregate supply function: a
comment. Economic Journal, v. 71, p. 634-636, 1961.
VICKERS, D. Aggregate supply and the producer´s expected demand curve. Journal
of Post Keynesian Economics v. 10, p. 84-104, 1987.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. Income and Employment Analysis, New York, Pitman, 1951.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. The microfoundations of aggregate demand and supply, Economic Journal,
v. 67, p. 455-470, 1957.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. Classical 450 Keynesianism: a plea for its abandonment. In: Classical Keynesianism.
Monetary theory and the price leve. Philadelphia: Chilton, 1961.
p. 1-25.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. Keynes employment function: comment. History of Political Economy, v.
6, p. 162-164, 1974.
WELLS, P. Keynes’s aggregate supply function: a suggested interpretation. Economic
Journal, v. 70, p. 536-542, 1960.
WELLS, P. A further comment. Economic Journal, v. 71, p. 636-637, 1961.
WELLS, P. Aggregate supply and demand: an explanation of chapter III of the ‘General
Theory’. Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Sciences, v. 28, p. 585-
590, 1962.
WELLS, P. Keynes’s dynamic disequilibrium theory of employment. Quarterly Review
of Economics and Business, v. 13, p. 89-93, 1973.
WELLS, P. Keynes employment function. History of Political Economy, v. 6, p. 158-
162, 1974.
WELLS, P. In review of Keynes. Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 2, p. 315-325,
1978.
1989.
AMBROSI, G. M. Keynes and the 45-degree cross. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,
v. 3, p. 503-509, 1981.
ARTHMAR, R.; BRADY, M. E. Patinkin, Keynes and the Z curve. History of Economic
Ideas, v. 17, p. 127-146, 2009.
ASIMAKOPULOS, A. Keynes’s theory of effective demand revisited. Australian
Economic Papers, v. 21, p. 18-36, 1982.
BRADY, M. E. The mathematical development of Keynes’s aggregate supply function
in the general theory. History of Political Economy, v. 22, p. 167-172, 1990.
BRADY, M. E. A comparison-contrast of J. M. Keynes’ mathematical modeling approach
in the general theory with some of his general theory interpreters, especially J.
E. Meade. History of Economics Review, v. 25, p. 129-159, 1996.
BRADY, M. E. A study of the 1954-1956 Economic Journal aggregate supply function debate
and the post-keynesian theoretical wrong turn. Indian Journal of Applied
Economics, v. 8, p. 57-74, 1999a.
BRADY, M. E. A note on Don Patinkin´s misspecification of Keynes´s consumption function
and misinterpretation of Keynes’ elasticity analysis in chapter 10 of the general
theory. Indian Journal of Applied Economics, v. 8, 147-152, 1999b.
BRADY, M. E. A mathematical proof of Keynes’ general case. International Journal of Applied
Economics and Econometrics, v. 10, p. 422-430. 2002.
BRADY, M. E. Essays on J. M. Keynes and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004.
BRADY, M. E. The role of mathematical illiteracy in the controversy over J. M. Keynes’
general theory – the ‘what did Keynes really mean’ debate. In: _____. Essays
on J. M. Keynes and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004, p. 347-378, 2004a.
BRADY, M. E. J.M. Keynes’ theory of effective demand – correcting the mathematical errors
of P. Davidson, V. Chick, J. Nevile, D. Fusfeld et al. In: ______. Essays on
J. M. Keynes and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004, 2004b. p. 463-490.
BRADY, M. E. Correcting the mathematical errors of E. Roy Weintraub, A. Leijonhufvud, P. Wells, and D. Patinkin in history of political economy concerning Keynes’
employment function from 1974-1989. In: ______. Essays on J. M. Keynes
and.... Xlibris Corp., 2004, 2004c. p. 524-532.
BRADY, M. E. A guide for economists who are having trouble reading chapter 3 of J.M.
Keynes’ General Theory. In: ______. The applied mathematics of J .M. Keynes’
theory of effective demand in the general theory: correcting the mathematical
errors of the economics profession. Xlibris Corporation, 2006. p. 129-136.
CASAROSA, C. Un contributo all’analisi dei fondamenti microeconomici della
teoria keynesiana della domanda effettiva. Rivista di Politica Economica, v. 11,
p. 1371-409, 1978.
CASAROSA, C. The microfoundations of Keynes’s aggregate supply and expected demand
analysis. Economic Journal, v. 361, p. 188-194, 1981.
CASAROSA, C. Aggregate supply and expected demand analysis in Keynes’ General Theory:
an essay on the micro-foundations. In: BARANZINI, M. (Ed.). Advances in
economic theory. London: Blackwell, 1982. p. 67-79.
CASAROSA, C. The microfoundations of Keynes’s aggregate supply and expected demand
analysis: a reply. Economic Journal, v. 94, p. 941-5, 1984.
CHICK, V. Macroeconomics after Keynes: a reconsideration of the general theory.
Oxford: Philip Alan. 1983.
CHICK, V. A comment on John Nevile’s notes on aggregate supply. Journal of Post
Keynesian Economics, v. 15, p. 261-262, 1992.
DAVIDSON, P. More on aggregate supply function. Economic Journal, v. 72, p.
452-457, 1962.
DAVIDSON, P. Patinkin’s interpretation of Keynes and the Keynesian cross. History of
Political Economy, v. 21, p. 549-453, 1989a.
DAVIDSON, P. Corrected version of Patinkin’s interpretation of Keynes and the Keynesian
cross. History of Political Economy, v. 21, p. 737-741, 1989b.
DAVIDSON, P.; SMOLENSKY, E. Aggregate supply and demand analysis. London: Harper & Row, 1964.
DE JONG, F. J. Supply functions in Keynesian economics. Economic Journal, v. 64,
p. 3-24, 1954a.
DE JONG, F. J. Keynes and supply functions: a rejoinder. Economic Journal, v. 64, p. 840-
842, 1954b.
DE JONG, F. J. Keynes and supply functions: second rejoinder with a note on the concept
of monetary equilibrium. Economic Journal, v. 65, p. 479-484, 1955.
DE JONG, F. J. Third rejoinder and final observations. Economic Journal, v. 66, p. 488-92,
1956.
DICKSON, H. How did Keynes conceive the entrepreneurs´motivation? Notes on
Patinkin´s hypothesis. History of Political Economy, v. 15, p. 229-247, 1983.
DILLARD, D. The Economics of John Maynard Keynes – The theory of a monetary
economy. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948.
FERREIRA, R. S.; MICHEL, P. Reflections on the microeconomic foundations of the
Keynesian aggregate supply function. In: BARRERE, A. (Ed.). The foundation
of Keynesian analysis. London: Macmillan, 1988. p. 251-262.
FERREIRA, R. S.; MICHEL, P. Keynes’ Aggregate Supply Function and the Principle of Effective Demand.
Recherches Économiques de Louvain, v. 57, n. 2, p. 159-187, 1991.
FUSFELD, D. R. Keynes and the Keynesian cross: a note. History of Political Economy,
v. 17, p. 385-389, 1985.
FUSFELD, D. R. Keynes and the Keynesian cross: reply to Don Partinkin. History of Political
Economy, v. 21, p. 545-547, 1989.
HANSEN, A. H. A guide to Keynes. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill, 1953.
HARTWIG, J. Keynes vs the post Keynesians on the principle of effective demand.
European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, v. 14, p. 725-739,
2007.
HARTWIG, J.; BRADY, M. E. Comment: Hayes on Z. Cambridge Journal of Economics,
v. 32, p. 815-819, 2008.
HAWTREY, R. G. Keynes and supply functions. Economic Journal, v. 64, p. 834-
839, 1954.
HAWTREY, R. G. Keynes and supply functions – a further note. Economic Journal, v. 66, p.
482-484, 1956.
HAYES, G. M. Keynes’s Z function, heterogeneous output and marginal productivity.
Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 31, p. 741-53, 2007.
HAYES, G. M. Keynes’s Z function – a reply to Hartwig and Brady. Cambridge Journal of
Economics. v. 32, p. 811-814, 2008.
HENNEBERRY, B.; WITTE, J. G. Keynes’ employment function reexamined. History
of Political Economy, v. 8, p. 428-434, 1976.
HICKS, J. R. Mr. Keynes and the ‘classics’: a suggested interpretation. Econometrica,
v. 5, p. 147-159, 1937.
KEYNES, J. M. The general theory of employment, interest and Money. London:
Macmillan Press Ltd., 1936.
KING, J. E. Aggregate supply and demand analysis since Keynes: a partial history.
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, v. 17, p. 3-32, 1994.
KLEVORICK, A. K. A note on a Keynesian aggregate employment function. International
Economic Review, v. 7, p. 226-230, 1996.
KOENIG, G. Les fondements microéconomiques du principe de la demande effective.
Revue Économique, v. 31, p. 430-464, 1980.
KOENIG, G. Le concept keynesien de cout d’usage et les previsions du producteur. Revue
Économique, v. 37, p. 697-722, 1986.
KOOROS, A. Keynes’ aggregate supply function – a comment. Economic Journal,
v. 71, p. 849, 1961.
LEIJONHUFVUD, A. Keynes employment function: comment. History of Political
Economy, v. 6, p. 164-170, 1974.
MARTY, A. The aggregate supply function. Metroeconomica, v. 11, p. 179-
187,1959.
MARTY, A. A geometrical exposition of the Keynesian supply function. Economic Journal,
v. 71, p. 560-565, 1961.
MARTY, A. The aggregate supply function once again. Economic Enquiry, v. 19, p. 350-
351, 1981.
NEISSEN, H. Keynes’ aggregate supply function - further comments. Economic
Journal, v. 71, p. 850-852, 1961.
NEVILE, J. Notes on Keynes’s aggregate supply curve. Journal of Post Keynesian
Economics, v. 15, p. 255-260, 1992.
PARRINELLO, S. The price level implicit in Keynes´s effective demand. Journal of
Post Keynesian Economics, v. 3, p. 63-87, 1980.
PASINETTI, L. L. The principle of effective demand. In: HARCOURT, G. C.; RIACH,
R. A. (Ed.). A ‘second edition’ of the general theory. London: Routledge,
1997. p. 93-104. v. I.
PATINKIN, D. Involuntary unemployment and the Keynesian supply function.
Economic Journal, v. 59, p. 360-83, 1949.
PATINKIN, D. Keynes’ monetary thought: a study of its development. History of Political
Economy, v. 8, p. 1-150, 1976.
PATINKIN, D. The aggregate supply function: a correction. History of Political Economy,
v. 9, p. 156-9, 1977.
PATINKIN, D. Keynes’s aggregate supply function: a plea for common sense. History of
Political Economy, v. 10, p. 577-596, 1978.
PATINKIN, D. A study of Keynes’ theory of effective demand. Economic Enquiry, v. 17,
p. 155-176, 1979.
PATINKIN, D. A critique of Keynes’ theory of effective demand. In: Anticipations of the
general theory? And other essays on Keynes. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1984. p. 123-162.
PATINKIN, D. Keynes and the Keynesian cross: a further note. History of Political Economy,
v. 21, p. 537-544, 1989.
ROBERTS, D. L. Patinkin, Keynes, and aggregate supply and demand analysis. History
of Political Economy, v. 10, p. 549-576, 1978.
ROBERTSON, D. H. Keynes and supply functions. Economic Journal, v. 66, p.
485-487, 1956.
ROBERTSON, D. H.; JOHNSON, H. G. Keynes and supply functions. Economic Journal, v. 65,
p. 474-478, 1955.
SOPER, C. S. The supply curve in Keynesian economics. South African Journal of
Economics, v. 24, p. 1-8, 1956.
TARSHIS, L. The elements of economics: an introduction of the theory of price and
employment. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947.
TARSHIS, L. The aggregate supply function in Keynes’s general theory. In: BOSKIN, M.
(Ed.). Economics and human welfare: essays in honour of Tibor Scitovsky. New
York: Academic Press, 1979. p. 361-92.
TORR, C. S. W. Microfoundations for Keynes’s point of effective demand. South
African Journal of Economics, v. 49, p. 334-348, 1981.
TORR, C. S. W. The microfoundations of Keynes’s aggregate supply and expected demand
analysis: a comment. Economic Journal, v. 94, p. 936-940, 1984.
TORR, C. S. W. The dual role of user cost in the derivation of Keynes’s aggregate supply
function. Review of Political Economy, v. 4, p. 1-17, 1992.
VEENDORP, E. C. H.; WERKEMA, H. G. Mr. Well’s aggregate supply function: a
comment. Economic Journal, v. 71, p. 634-636, 1961.
VICKERS, D. Aggregate supply and the producer´s expected demand curve. Journal
of Post Keynesian Economics v. 10, p. 84-104, 1987.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. Income and Employment Analysis, New York, Pitman, 1951.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. The microfoundations of aggregate demand and supply, Economic Journal,
v. 67, p. 455-470, 1957.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. Classical 450 Keynesianism: a plea for its abandonment. In: Classical Keynesianism.
Monetary theory and the price leve. Philadelphia: Chilton, 1961.
p. 1-25.
WEINTRAUB, E. R. Keynes employment function: comment. History of Political Economy, v.
6, p. 162-164, 1974.
WELLS, P. Keynes’s aggregate supply function: a suggested interpretation. Economic
Journal, v. 70, p. 536-542, 1960.
WELLS, P. A further comment. Economic Journal, v. 71, p. 636-637, 1961.
WELLS, P. Aggregate supply and demand: an explanation of chapter III of the ‘General
Theory’. Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Sciences, v. 28, p. 585-
590, 1962.
WELLS, P. Keynes’s dynamic disequilibrium theory of employment. Quarterly Review
of Economics and Business, v. 13, p. 89-93, 1973.
WELLS, P. Keynes employment function. History of Political Economy, v. 6, p. 158-
162, 1974.
WELLS, P. In review of Keynes. Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 2, p. 315-325,
1978.
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O detentor dos direitos autorais da revista é o Departamento de Economia da Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Atuária da Universidade de São Paulo.
Como Citar
Heller, C. (2010). O modelo Z-D e a função emprego: descrições gráficas à luz da Teoria Geral de Keynes. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 40(4), 859-890. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612010000400005
