Previdência social e migração: O que acontece com os trabalhadores que saem do Brasil e se aposentam na Espanha e em Portugal?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615113gcrPalavras-chave:
Previdência social, Aposentadoria, Migração, Indicadores previdenciáriosResumo
Este artigo visa analisar os impactos sobre trabalhadores brasileiros que migram durante a vida ativa para Espanha ou para Portugal e se aposentam nestes países. Isto é realizado com base nos acordos previdenciários entre essas nações, levando em consideração as diferentes regras de contribuição, condições de elegibilidade e regras de cálculo da aposentadoria. São calculados os valores da aposentadoria e três indicadores previdenciários: Taxa de Reposição (TR), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) e Alíquota Necessária (AliqNec) para cada situação analisada. Adicionalmente, propõe-se um indicador para mensurar a variação na contribuição necessária para custear o benefício no país de destino, decorrente da migração. Os principais resultados mostram que, embora os valores de TR possam aumentar com a migração (a não ser para os indivíduos de renda mais alta), os demais indicadores tendem a ser menores, em particular pela idade de aposentadoria mais elevada em Portugal e na Espanha.
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