¿PISA desde la cuna? El Estudio Internacional de Aprendizaje Temprano e implicancias para América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202248248362espPalavras-chave:
Educación de la primera infancia, PISA preescolar, Evaluaciones estandarizadas, Organismos internacionales, América LatinaResumo
En 2015 la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) se embarcó una nueva iniciativa orientada a la primera infancia. El Estudio Internacional de Aprendizaje Temprano y Bienestar Infantil (IELS), también denominado PISA preescolar, es una nueva prueba internacional estandarizada para la educación temprana. Este trabajo sistematiza críticamente la emergencia y el desarrollo de la iniciativa IELS; examina las principales críticas realizadas a este dispositivo desde la comunidad académica y reflexiona sobre las potenciales implicancias para América Latina. A partir de una revisión crítica de la información pública disponible sobre la iniciativa y los trabajos académicos publicados hasta el momento, el artículo analiza la emergencia, desarrollo y resultados de la primera onda de IELS. Los resultados muestran que IELS se construye alrededor de tres reduccionismos principales: la reducción de lo político a lo técnico, la reducción de la diversidad a una comparación descontextualizada entre países y la reducción del aprendizaje compartido a una red global de testeo y medición. El texto concluye con algunas reflexiones en torno al poder blando que ejercen las evaluaciones estandarizadas en las infancias de América Latina.
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