La labor paleontológica de Thomas Huxley
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-6224v15i1p41-60Palavras-chave:
Aves, Evolución, Paleontología, Registro fósil, ReptilesResumo
Si toda la vida en la Tierra comparte un ancestro común, con la evolución como mecanismo diversificando gradualmente a través del tiempo, entonces, el registro fósil debería proporcionar formas graduadas intermedias. Sin embargo, para 1859 (año de la publicación de El origen de las especies), éstas aún no habían sido descubiertas. Para Charles Darwin (1809-1882), esto representaba una seria objeción a su teoría evolutiva e intentó explicar esta evidencia negativa a través de la imperfección del registro fósil. Por lo tanto, la paleontología era la clave que podía presentar evidencia a favor de la evolución. Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895), hallaría formas de transición que unirían grandes grupos animales sin relación aparente, por ejemplo, las aves con los reptiles a través de los dinosaurios. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue llevar a cabo una investigación sobre la obra paleontológica de Thomas Huxley, haciendo un especial énfasis en su apoyo a las ideas evolutivas de Darwin. Se llegó a la conclusión de que su labor paleontológica demostró que los hechos de la paleontología, en lo que concierne a las aves y a los reptiles, no se oponen a la doctrina de la evolución, sino que, al contrario, eran muy parecidos a los que la doctrina nos llevaría a esperar.
Referências
BARON, Matthew; NORMAN, David; BARRETT, Paul. A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolu-tion. Nature, 543: 501-506, 2017.
BOTELHO, João Francisco; OSSA, Luis; SOTO, Sergio; SMITH, Daniel & NUÑEZ, Daniel. New developmental evidence clari-fies the evolution of wrist bones in the dinosaur-bird transition. PLoS Biology, 12 (9): 1-13, 2014.
BRONZATI, Mario; MONTEFELTRO, Felipe Chinaglia & LANGER, Max. A species-level supertree of Crocodyliformes. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 24 (6): 1-9, 2012.
BUFFETAUT, Eric. The evolution of the crocodilians. Scientific American, 241: 130-145, 1979.
DARWIN, Charles Robert. Letter to Alfred Russel Wallace (No-vember 13th, 1859). Vol. 2. Pp. 16-17, in: Darwin, F. The life and letters of Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887.
DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray, 1859.
DARWIN, Charles Robert. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. 6th edition. London: John Mu-rray, 1872.
DARWIN, Charles Robert. El origen de las especies. Trad. Antonio Zulueta. Ciudad de Mé-xico: Austral, 2017.
DESMOND, Adrian. Archetypes and ancestors: palaeontology in victorian London, 1850-1875. London: Frederick Muller Limited, 1982.
DI GREGORIO, Mario. The dinosaur connection: a reinterpreta-tion of T.H. Huxley’s evolutionary view. Journal of the History of Bi-ology, 15: 397-418, 1982.
GILLEY, Sheridan; LOADES, Ann. Thomas Henry Huxley: the war between science and religion. The Journal of Religion, 61: 285-308, 1981.
HUXLEY, Leonard. Thomas Henry Huxley: a character sketch. London: Watts & CO., 1920.
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. Remarks upon Archaeopteryx lithographica. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 16: 243-248, 1868.
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. Further evidence of the affinity between the dinosaurian reptiles and birds. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 26: 12-31, 1870 (a).
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. On the classification of the Dinosauria, with observations on the Dinosauria of the trias. Quarterly Journal of the Geological So-ciety of London, 26: 32-51, 1870 (b).
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. On Stagonolepis robertsoni, and the evolution of the Crocodilia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 31: 423-438, 1875.
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. The coming of age of the origin of species. Nature, 22: 1-4, 1880.
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. On the reception of the ‘Origin of Species’. Vol.1. Pp. 533-558, in: Darwin, F. The life and letters of Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1897.
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Vol. 3. Pp. 238-297, in: FOSTER, Michael; LANKESTER, Ray. The scientific memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley. London: Macmillan and Co., 1901 (a).
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry. On the animals which are most nearly intermediate between birds and reptiles. Vol. 3. Pp. 303-313, in: FOSTER, Michael; LANKESTER, Ray. The scientific memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley London: Macmillan and Co., 1901 (b).
JOLYNE, Mary. T. H. Huxley’s defense of Charles Darwin’s origin of spe-cies. Arizona, 1960. Thesis (Master of Arts) - University of Ari-zona.
KELLY, Lynne. Crocodile: evolution’s greatest survivor. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2006.
LANGER, Max C.; EZCURRA, Martín D.; RAUHUT, Oliver W. M.; BENTON, Michael J.; KNOLL, Fabien; MCPHEE, Blair W.; NOVAS, Fernando E.; POL, Diego & Brusatte, Stephen L. Untangling the dinosaur family tree. Nature, 551: 1-3, 2017.
LYONS, Sherrie. The origins of T. H. Huxley’s saltationism: history in Darwin’s shadow. Journal of the History of Biology, 28: 463-494, 1995.
LYONS, Sherrie. A most eminent Victorian: Thomas Henry Huxley. Cahiers Victoriens et Édouardiens, 76: 85-104, 2012.
MITCHELL, Chalmers. Thomas Henry Huxley: a sketch of his life and work. London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1900.
OSTROM, John. Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 8: 91-182, 1976.
PACHECO, Cristian; MÜLLER, Rodrigo; LANGER, Max; PRETTO, Flávio; KERBER, Leonardo & DIAS DA SILVA, Sérgio. Gnathovorax cabreirai: a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs. PeerJ, 7: e7963, 2019.
SEELEY, Harry Govier. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Lon-don, 43: 165-171, 1888.
SWITEK, Brian. Thomas Henry Huxley and the reptile to bird tran-sition. Geological Society, 343: 251-263, 2010.
SZYMCZAK, Robert. “Darwin’s bulldog” as a man of letters: Thomas Henry Huxley and his crusade for science in Victorian England. Confluence, 14: 98-111, 2009.
WILFORD, John Noble. The riddle of the dinosaur. Michigan: Knopf, 1985.
WILFORD, John Noble. El enigma de los dinosaurios. Trad. Joaquín Ortega. Barcelona: RBA Editores, S.A., 1993.
WILLIAMS, Wesley. Thomas Henry Huxley. Vol. 6. Pp. 589-597, in: GILLISPIE, Charles Coulston (org.). Dictionary of Scientific Biog-raphy. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 Filosofia e História da Biologia
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Os manuscritos publicados passam a ser propriedade da revista Filosofia e História da Biologia, e os autores aceitam os termos desta licença e concordam em ceder os direitos autorais para a publicação, além de concordarem com o compromisso da publicação em oferecer acesso aberto a todo o seu conteúdo. As informações e conceitos emitidos em artigos assinados são de absoluta responsabilidade de seus autores.
cademia.edu
