INFORMED DESIGN DECISION-MAKING: FROM DIGITAL ANALYSIS TO URBAN DESIGN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/gtp.v12i3.133936Keywords:
Design Methods, Public Space Design, Parametric Architecture, Multidimensional Analysis, Space SyntaxAbstract
This study describes a new approach to explore the design of public open spaces based on a multidimensional analysis useful to inform decision-making and foster the development of evidence-based architectural solutions. It presents an overview of the most relevant design variables and their constraints, providing, in this way, valuable information for the elaboration of a more sustainable urban design, considerate of the local socio-cultural values. This research aims at providing holistic guidance for the development of better design proposals in contemporary urban environments. More specifically, it seeks to synchronously characterize urban spaces at a multi-scale and multidimensional level, both quantitatively and qualitatively, by collecting contributions from Space Syntax Theory, Public Life Studies, Building Science and Environmental/Comfort Analysis in public open spaces. Many advanced digital tools are used for data management purposes and to generate and test iteratively different design proposals. The proposed methodology is based on a range of tests and analyses performed in the process of developing a new experimental project for Largo da Graça, an urban square located in Lisbon’s historic centre, which allowed the testing of different design solutions. This experiment generated a digital workflow for the design of the urban square, in which are registered all the steps undertaken to solve the many design problems identified by considering the efficiency targets (centrality, connectivity, enclosure, thermal comfort, security, social equity and interaction). The process comprises a sequence of comparative design reviews and records the choices made when dealing with latent information underlying changing conditions in the use of public space and the programmatic malleability of the Portuguese plaza. The description of the adopted design strategy and the examples extracted from the workflow are used to illustrate the practical approach of the proposed methodology. Ultimately, this study seeks to show how tightening the link between applied research and sustainable urban design can effectively support the design and planning of better public open spaces.
Downloads
References
AHU, S.; CAGDAS, G.; SARIYLDIZ, S. A multi-dimensional exploration of urban attributes by data mining. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FUTURES, 14., 2011, Liège. Proceedings… Liège: Les Éditions de l'Université de Liège, 2011. p. 333-350.
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN. Hoboken: Wiley, v. 85, n. 6, nov./dez. 2015.
ASRIANA, N.; INDRAPRASTHA, A. Making sense of agent-based simulation. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA, 21., 2016, Melbourne. Proceedings… Hong Kong: CAADRIA, 2016. p. 343-352.
BENEDIKT, M. L. To take hold of space: isovists and isovist fields. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Thousand Oaks, v. 6, n. 1, p. 47-65, 1979.
CAN, L. et al. Morphological analysis of the transformations of Konak Square in Izmir. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 9., 2013, Seoul. Proceedings… Seoul: Sejong University, 2013. p. 39:1-39:15.
CHOAY, F. La città: utopie e realtà. 2. ed. Torino: Giulio Einaudi, 1973.
CHOI, A.-S. et al. Application of the space syntax theory to quantitative street lighting design. Building and Environment, Amsterdam, v. 41, n. 3, p. 355-366, 2006.
CLOQUET, L. Traité d’architecture: éléments de l’architecture, types d’édifices, esthétique, composition et pratique de l’architecture. Paris: Baudry, 1898.
CULLEN, G. The concise townscape. London: Routledge; New York: The Architectural Press, 1961.
CUTINI, V. Configuration and centrality: some evidence from two Italian case studies. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 3., 2001, Atlanta. Proceedings… Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. p. 32:1-32:11.
______. Lines and squares: towards a configurational approach to the morphology of open spaces. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 4., 2003, London. Proceedings… London: University College London, 2003. p. 49:1-49:14.
DALTON, R. C. The secret is to follow your nose: route path selection and angularity. Environment and Behaviour, Thousand Oaks, v. 35, n. 1, p. 107-131, 2003.
DURSUN, P. Space syntax in architectural design. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 6., 2007, Istanbul. Proceedings… Istanbul: Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Architecture, 2007. p. 56:1-56:12.
GEHL, J. Life between buildings: using public space. 6. ed. London: Island Press, 2011.
GEHL, J.; SVARRE, B. How to study public life. London: Island Press, 2013.
GUERREIRO, M. R. P. et al. Networks and opportunistic urban design: a strategy for regeneration of public spaces in Lisbon. In: CAVALLO, R. et al. (Eds.). New urban configurations. Delft: TU Delft, 2014. p. 766-771.
GUIDONI, E. Storia dell’urbanistica. Laterza, 1989.
HEITOR, T. et al. Breaking of the medieval space: the emergence of a new city of enlightenment. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 2., 1999, Brasília, DF. Proceedings… Brasília, DF: Universidade de Brasília, 1999. v. 2, p. 55:1-55:14.
HILLIER, B. Space is the machine: a configurational theory of architecture. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
______. Spatial sustainability in cities organic patterns and sustainable forms. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 7., 2009, Stockholm. Proceedings… Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, 2009. p. K:01-K:20.
HILLIER, B.; HANSON, J. The social logic of space. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
HILLIER, B.; LIDA, S. Network and psychological effects in urban movement. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPATIAL INFORMATION THEORY, 7., 2005, Ellicottville. Spatial Information Theory. New York: Springer, 2005. p. 475-490.
HILLIER, B. et al. Natural movement: or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Thousand Oaks, v. 20, n. 1, p. 29-66, 1993.
JACOBS, J. The death and life of great american cities. New York: Random House, 1961.
KARIMI, K. A configurational approach to analytical urban design: space syntax methodology. Urban Design International, New York, v. 17, n. 4, p. 297-318, 2012.
KOOHSARI, M. J. et al. Using space syntax to assess the built environment for physical activity: applications to research on parks and public open spaces. Leisure Sciences: an interdisciplinary journal, Abingdon, v. 36, n. 2, p. 206-216, 2014.
KRIER, R. Urban space: Stadtraum. 3. ed. London: Academy, 1979.
KUBAT, A. S. et al. Evaluating the impacts of an urban design project: multi-phase analyses of Taksim Square and Gezi Park. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 10., 2015, London. Proceedings… London: University College London, 2015. p. 73:1-73:17.
LAWSON, B. How designers think: the design process demystified. 3. ed. New York: The Architectural Press, 2003.
LOPES, J. V. et al. Multidimensional analysis of public open spaces: urban morphology, parametric modelling and data mining. In: EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN EUROPE, 33., 2015, Vienna. Proceedings… Vienna: Vienna University of Technology, 2015. v. 1, p. 351-360.
LOPES, J. V. et al. Multidimensional study of urban squares through perimetral analysis: Three Portuguese case studies. In: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 11., 2017, Lisbon. Proceedings… Lisbon: Instituto Superior Técnico, 2017. p. 85:1-85:20.
LYNCH, K. The image of the city. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1960.
MADANIPOUR, A. Why are the design and development of public spaces significant for cities? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Thousand Oaks, v. 26, n. 6, p. 879-891, 1999.
MICHEL, R. (Ed.). Design research now: essays and selected projects. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2007.
MOTTA, E. Reusable components for knowledge modelling: case studies in parametric design problem solving. Amsterdam: IOS, 1999.
NISHA, B.; NELSON, M. Making a case for evidence-informed decision making for participatory urban design. Urban Design International, New York, v. 17, n. 4, p. 336-348, 2012.
PAIO, A. et al. Urban squares morphologies: contributions of a multidimensional analysis. In: NEXUS 2016: ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS CONFERENCE, 11., 2016, San Sebastián. Proceedings… Turin: KWB, 2016. p. 113-118.
PENN, A.; TURNER, A. Space syntax based agent simulation. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PEDESTRIAN AND EVACUATION DYNAMICS, 1., 2001, Duisburg. Proceedings… London: University College London, 2001. p. 99-114.
PEZZICA C.; PAIO A.; LOPES J. V. Square design: from digital analysis to urban design. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF IBERO-AMERICAN DIGITAL GRAPHIC SOCIETY, 20., 2016, Buenos Aires. Proceedings… Buenos Aires: University of Buenos Aires, 2016. p. 86-93.
SEARGENT, J. A.; NIEMASZ, J.; REINHART, C. F. Shaderade: combining rhinoceros and energy plus for the design of static exterior shading devices. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INTERNATIONAL BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION ASSOCIATION, 12., 2011, Sydney. Proceedings… Abingdon: Taylor & Francis, 2011. p. 310-317.
SITTE, C. L’arte di costruire le città. Milano: Antonio Vallardi, 1953.
SPACE SYNTAX. Nottingham Old Market Square: site analysis and public realm design input. London: Space Syntax, 2004.
TURNER, A. et al. From isovists to visibility graphs: a methodology for the analysis of architectural space. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Thousand Oaks, v. 28, n. 1, p. 103-121, 2001.
WHYTE, W. H. The social life of small urban spaces. New York: Project for Public Spaces, 2001.
ZUCKER, P. Town and square: from the agora to the village green. New York, Columbia University Press, 1959.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Notice
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the article simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY NC ND, which allows the sharing of article with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of version of the article published in this journal (e.g. publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their research work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes, as well as increase the impact and the citation of published article (See O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
