A Teoria dos Supercontinentes: discussão e crítica construtiva

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v22-191048

Palavras-chave:

Fissão, Fusão, Nuna, Nena, Gondwana, Pangea

Resumo

A Teoria dos Supercontinentes teve como seu instaurador principal Alfred Wegener, nos seus clássicos trabalhos nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Deve ser destacada a frente de contestação que lhe foi imposta de geocientistas dos dois mundos (então, todos “geossinclinalistas”). A retomada (e o crédito) só veio com Harry Hess, em 1962, quando este mostrou que os grandes empecilhos (fatores desconhecidos da deriva continental, não explicados devidamente), inibidores da teoria, passaram a ser cientificamente demonstráveis. Isso com suas pesquisas, com o conceito de convecção mantélica e mais ainda com proveito do ímpeto do surgimento da Tectônica de Placas (e o combate ao fixismo sensu lato). Seguindo Hess, alguns trabalhos foram acrescentados, com novas proposições, adendos, revisões, principalmente entre 1992 e 2005. Desde então, instalou-se fase notável de contribuições, publicações, livros e capítulos, todos com novos dados científicos. Temos que admitir que esse ramo das geociências ainda está em estágio de fluxo. A aplicação desses conceitos e conhecimentos, merecedora de um projeto internacional específico, foi estendida do Arqueano (no caso mais problemático de todos erátemas) até o fim do Mesoproterozoico (e.g. projetos “Gondwana”, “Rodínia” etc.). Concomitantemente a esses trabalhos e dados, já surgiram várias questões pendentes, para todos os casos de supercontinentes. Catalogamos uma série de problemas que queremos expor e as soluções que são demandadas. O conclusivo hoje é que o supercontinente Pangea, pelos seus dados geológicos gerais, geocronológicos e paleomagnéticos, é o único que pode ser colocado no status de fato científico. Todas as demais configurações propostas anteriores à Pangea são boas hipóteses de trabalho, a serem investigadas/exploradas de forma multidisciplinar.

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2022-07-20

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Neves, B. B. de B. . (2022). A Teoria dos Supercontinentes: discussão e crítica construtiva. Geologia USP. Série Científica, 22(2), 109-130. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v22-191048

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