Petrocronologia de rochas metapelíticas: uma revisão de conceitos-chave
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v23-198908Palavras-chave:
Metamorfismo, Petrologia, Metapelitos, Modelagem metamórfica, GeocronologiaResumo
Rochas metapelíticas são importantes marcadores petrocronólogicos, não apenas pelas variadas e sensíveis paragêneses minerais e presença de fases datáveis, mas também por sua ampla e contínua distribuição ao longo de terrenos, permitindo, assim, estudos integrados e detalhados do metamorfismo e eventos em diferentes regiões. O presente trabalho visou sintetizar aspectos relevantes à caracterização petrológica e geocronológica de metapelitos para regimes de pressão média. Considerando o sistema químico KFMASH (K2O, FeO, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, H2O), minerais como clorita, muscovita, cloritoide, biotita, estaurolita, granada, cordierita, andaluzita, cianita, sillimanita e feldspato potássico são típicos da paragênese de metapelitos para baixas ou médias pressões, desde que haja disponibilidade química e condições P-T para sua formação. De forma geral, tem-se como distintivas, com o aumento das condições P-T e o aparecimento dos respectivos minerais-índice, as zonas metamórficas da clorita, biotita, granada, estaurolita, cianita, sillimanita e sillimanita + ortoclásio. Para a determinação petrogenética e das condições do metamorfismo desses litotipos, estudos macro- e microestruturais, associados com análises de química mineral e de rocha total, propiciam a aplicação de métodos termobarométricos diversos, desde os convencionais, passando pelos otimizados e diagramas isoquímicos de fases e chegando nos termômetros monoelementares, cada qual com suas especificidades e aplicações. De modo a promover um estudo petrocronológico dos litotipos, fases minerais como zircão, granada, monazita e rutilo, em seus respectivos sistemas isotópicos, possibilitam atribuir idades a esses eventos metamórficos e, com a integração e interpretação dos dados obtidos, construir a trajetória P-T-t-d de formação dessas rochas e dos eventos/estágios dos processos envolvidos. Uma abordagem sistemática, de acordo com as particularidades da rocha, deve ser empregada, garantindo, assim, a acurácia dos resultados obtidos.
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