The Mediterranean Sea we wan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824069.21019mcKeywords:
Ocean Decade, Mediterranean Sea, Sustainable Development Goals, Marine science, Co-designAbstract
This paper presents major gaps and challenges for implementing the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) in the Mediterranean region. The authors make recommendations on the scientific knowledge needs and co-design actions identified during two consultations, part of the Decade preparatory-phase, framing them in the Mediterranean Sea’s unique environmental and socio-economic perspectives. According to the ‘Mediterranean State of the Environment and Development Report 2020’ by the United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan and despite notable progress, the Mediterranean region is not on track to achieve and fully implement the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030. Key factors are the cumulative effect of multiple human-induced pressures that threaten the ecosystem resources and services in the global change scenario. The basin, identified as a climate change vulnerability hotspot, is exposed to pollution and rising impacts of climate change. This affects mainly the coastal zones, at increasing risk of extreme events and their negative effects of unsustainable management of key economic assets. Transitioning to a sustainable blue economy is the key for the marine environment’s health and the nourishment of future generations. This challenging context, offering the opportunity of enhancing the knowledge to define science-based measures as well as narrowing the gaps between the Northen and Southern shores, calls for a joint (re)action. The paper reviews the state of the art of Mediterranean Sea science knowledge, sets of trends, capacity development needs, specific challenges, and recommendations for each Decade’s societal outcome. In the conclusions, the proposal for a Mediterranean regional programme in the framework of the Ocean Decade is addressed. The core objective relies on integrating and improving the existing ocean-knowledge, Ocean Literacy, and ocean observing capacities building on international cooperation to reach the “Mediterranean Sea that we want”.
References
AMENGUAL, J. & ALVAREZ-BERASTEGUI, D. 2018. A critical evaluation of the Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 and the Mediterranean MPA network, two years ahead of its deadline. Biological Conservation, 225, 187-196.
ANDROULIDAKIS, Y. S., KOMBIADOU, K. D., MAKRIS, C. V., BALTIKAS, V. N. & KRESTENITIS, Y. M. 2015. Storm surges in the Mediterranean Sea: variability and trends under future climatic conditions. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 71, 56-82.
ANGOVE, M., ARCAS, D., BAILEY, R., CARRASCO, P., COETZEE, D., FRY, B., GLEDHILL, K., HARADA, S., VON HILLEBRANDT-ANDRADE, C., KONG, L., MCCREERY, C., MCCURRACH, S. J., MIAO, Y., SAKYA, A. E. & SCHINDELÉ, F. 2019. Ocean observations required to minimize uncertainty in global tsunami forecasts, warnings, and emergency response. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00350
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00350
AZZURRO, E., MOSCHELLA, P. & MAYNOU, F. 2011. Tracking signals of change in Mediterranean fish diversity based on local ecological knowledge. PLoS One, 6(9), e24885, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024885
» https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024885
BAN, N. C., GURNEY, G. G., MARSHALL, N. A., WHITNEY, C. K., MILLS, M., GELCICH, S., BENNETT, N. J., MEEHAN, M. C., BUTLER, C., BAN, S. & TRAN, T. C. 2019. Well-being outcomes of marine protected areas. Nature Sustainability, 2(6), 524-532.
BASILI, R., BRIZUELA, B., HERRERO, A., IQBAL, S., LORITO, S., MAESANO, F. E., MURPHY, S., PERFETTI, P., ROMANO, F., SCALA, A., SELVA, J., TARONI, M., THIO, H. K., TIBERTI, M. M., TONINI, R., VOLPE, M., GLIMSDAL, S., HARBITZ, C. B., LØVHOLT, F., BAPTISTA, M. A., CARRILHO, F., MATIAS, L. M., OMIRA, R., BABEYKO, A., HOECHNER, A., GURBUZ, M., PEKCAN, O., YALÇINER, A., CANALS, M., LASTRAS, G., AGALOS, A., PAPADOPOULOS, G., TRIANTAFYLLOU, I., BENCHEKROUN, S., AGREBI JAOUADI, H., BEN ABDALLAH, S., BOUALLEGUE, A., HAMDI, H., OUESLATI, F., AMATO, A., ARMIGLIATO, A., BEHRENS, J., DAVIES, G., DI BUCCI, D., DOLCE, M., GEIST, E., VIDA, J. M. G., GONZÁLEZ, M., MACÍAS SÁNCHEZ, J., MELETTI, C., OZER SOZDINLER, C., PAGANI, M., PARSONS, T., POLET, J., POWER, W., SØRENSEN, M. & ZAYTSEV, A. 2021. The making of the NEAM tsunami hazard model 2018 (NEAMTHM18). Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, 616594, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.616594
» https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.616594
BAUER, P., DUEBEN, P. D., HOEFLER, T. QUINTINO, T., SCHULTHESS T. C. & WEDI, N. P. 2021. The digital revolution of Earth-system science. Nature Computational Science, 1, 104-113.
BENEDETTI-CECCHI, L., CROWE, T., BOEHME, L., BOERO, F., CHRISTENSEN, A., GRÉMARE, A., HERNANDEZ, F., KROMKAMP, J. C., GARCÍA, E. N., PETIHAKIS, G., ROBIDART, J., PINTO, I. S. & ZINGONE, A. 2018. Strengthening Europe’s Capability in biological ocean observations. In: PINIELLA, Á. M., KELLETT, P., LARKIN, K. & HEYMANS, J. J. (eds.). Future science brief 3 - European marine board Belgium: Ostend.
BLUEMED COORDINATION AND SUPPORT ACTION. 2018. BlueMed strategic research and innovation agenda. Updated version 2018 Brussels: BlueMed Coordination and Support Action.
BOERO, F., FOGLINI, F., FRASCHETTI, S., GORIUP, P., MCPHERSON, E., PLANES, S., SOUKISSIAN, T., THE COCONET CONSORTIUM. 2016. The CoCoNet Guidelines. Towards Coast-to-COast NETworks of marine protected areas (from the shore to the high and deep sea), coupled with sea-based wind energy potential. SCIRES-IT (SCIentific RESearch and Information Technology, 6, 1-96.
BOUGHEDIR, W., RIFI, M., SHAKMAN, E., MAYNOU, F., GHANEM, R., SOUISSI, J. B. & AZZURRO, E. 2015. Tracking the invasion of Hemiramphus far and Saurida lessepsianus along the southern Mediterranean coasts: a local ecological knowledge study. Mediterranean Marine Science, 16(3), 628-635.
CANONICO, G., BUTTIGIEG, P. L., MONTES, E., MULLER-KARGER, F. E., STEPIEN, C., WRIGHT, D., BENSON, A., HELMUTH, B., COSTELLO, M., SOUSA-PINTO, I., SAEEDI, H., NEWTON, J., APPELTANS, W., BEDNARšEK, N., BODROSSY, L., BEST, B. D., BRANDT, A., GOODWIN, K. D., IKEN, K., MARQUES, A. C., MILOSLAVICH, P., OSTROWSKI, M., TURNER, W., ACHTERBERG, E. P., BARRY, T., DEFEO, O., BIGATTI, G., HENRY, L. A., RAMIRO-SáNCHEZ, B., DURáN, P., MORATO, T., ROBERTS, J. M., GARCíA-ALEGRE, A., CUADRADO, M. S. & MURTON, B. 2019. Global observational needs and resources for marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 367, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00367
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00367
CAPASSO, A., CAPPELLETTO, M., EVANGELISTA, L., POMARO, A. & SANTOLERI, M. 2020. UN-decade of ocean science for sustainable development Mediterranean workshop - report Dublin: CNR ExploRA.
CAPET, A., FERNÁNDEZ, V., SHE, J., DABROWSKI, T., UMGIESSER, G., STANEVA, J., MÉSZÁROS, L., CAMPUZANO, F., URSELLA, L., NOLAN, G. & EL SERAFY, G. 2020. Operational modeling capacity in European Seas — an EuroGOOS perspective and recommendations for improvement. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00129
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00129
CAPOTONDI, A., JACOX, M., BOWLER, C., KAVANAUGH, M., LEHODEY, P., BARRIE, D., BRODIE, S., CHAFFRON, S., CHENG, W., DIAS, D. F., EVEILLARD, D., GUIDI, L., IUDICONE, D., LOVENDUSKI, N. S., NYE, J. A., ORTIZ, I., PIRHALLA, D., POZO BUIL, M., SABA, V., SHERIDAN, S., SIEDLECKI, S., SUBRAMANIAN, A., VARGAS, C., DI LORENZO, E., DONEY, S. C., HERMANN, A. J., JOYCE, T., MERRIFIELD, M., MILLER, A. J., NOT, F. & PESANT, S. 2019. Observational needs supporting marine ecosystems modeling and forecasting: from the global ocean to regional and coastal systems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 623, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00623
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00623
CARUSO, G., LA FERLA, R., AZZARO, M., ZOPPINI, A., MARINO, G., PETOCHI, T., CORINALDESI, C., LEONARDI, M., ZACCONE, R., UMANI, S. F., CAROPPO, C., MONTICELLI, L., AZZARO, F., DECEMBRINI, F., MAIMONE, G., CAVALLO R. A., STABILI, L., TODOROVA, N. H., KARAMFILOV, V. K., RASTELLI, E., CAPPELLO, S., ACQUAVIVA, M. I., NARACCI, M., DE ANGELIS, R., DEL NEGRO, P., LATINI, M. & DANOVARO, R. 2016. Microbial assemblages for environmental quality assessment: knowledge, gaps and usefulness in the European marine strategy framework directive. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 42(6), 883-904.
CASABIANCA, S., CAPELLACCI, S., PENNA, A., CANGIOTTI, M., FATTORI, A., CORSI, I., OTTAVIANI, M. F. & CARLONI, C. 2020. Physical interactions between marine phytoplankton and PET plastics in seawater. Chemosphere, 238, 124560, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124560
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124560
CASTELLI, G., TOGNOLA, G., CAMPANA, E. F., CESTA, A., DIEZ, M., PADULA, M., RAVAZZANI, P., RINALDI, G., SAVAZZI, S., SPAGNUOLO, M. & STRAMBINI, L. 2019. Urban intelligence: a modular, fully integrated, and evolving model for cities digital twinning. In: Proceedings of 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT) [online]. Charlotte, NC, USA, 6-9 Oct 2019. Charlotte: HONET-ICT, pp. 33-37. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/8901680/proceeding [Accessed: March 2021].
» https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/8901680/proceeding
CAVALERI, L., BAJO, M., BARBARIOL, F., BASTIANINI, M., BENETAZZO, A., BERTOTTI, L., CHIGGIATO, J., FERRARIN, C., TRINCARDI, F. & UMGIESSER, G. 2020. The 2019 flooding of Venice and its implications for future predictions. Oceanography, 33(1), 42-49.
CERASE, A., CRESCIMBENE, M., LA LONGA, F. & AMATO, A. 2019. Tsunami risk perception in southern Italy: first evidence from a sample survey. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19, 2887-2904, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2887-2019
» https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2887-2019
CHAI, F., JOHNSON, K. S., CLAUSTRE, H., XING, X., WANG, Y., BOSS, E., RISER, S., FENNEL, K., SCHOFIELD, O. & SUTTON, A. 2020. Monitoring ocean biogeochemistry with autonomous platforms. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1, 315-326, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0053-y
» https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0053-y
CHENG, L., ABRAHAM, J., TRENBERTH, K. E., FASULLO, J., BOYER, T., LOCARNINI, R., ZHANG, B., YU, F., WAN, L., CHEN, X., SONG, X., LIU, Y., MANN, M. E., RESEGHETTI, F., SIMONCELLI, S., GOURETSKI, V., CHEN, G., MISHONOV, A., REAGAN, J. & ZHU, J. 2021. Upper ocean temperatures hit record high in 2020. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 38, 523-530, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x
» https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x
COLELLA, S., FALCINI, F., RINALDI, E., SAMMARTINO, M. & SANTOLERI, R. 2016. Mediterranean ocean colour chlorophyll trends. PloS One, 11(6), e0155756.
COM (Commission Report to the Council and the European Parliament). 2014. The first phase of implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) - The European Commission’s assessment and guidance Brussels: Commission Report to the Council and the European Parliament.
CRAMER, W., GUIOT, J., FADER, M., GARRABOU, J., GATTUSO, J. P., IGLESIAS, A., LANGE, M. A., LIONELLO, P., LLASAT, M. C., PAZ, S., PEÑUELAS, J., SNOUSSI, M., TORETI, A., TSIMPLIS, M. N. & XOPLAKI, E. 2018. Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean. Nature Climate Change, 8(11), 972-980.
DANOVARO, R., FANELLI, E., CANALS, M., CIUFFRADI, T., FABRI, M. C., TAVIANI, M., ARGYROU, M., AZZURRO, E., BIANCHELLI, S., CANTAFARO, A., CAGURATI, L., CORINALDESI, C., DE HAAN, W. P., DELL’ANNO, A., EVANS, J., FOGLINI F., GALIL, B., GIANNI, M., GOREN, M., GRECO, S., GRIMALT, J., GUELL-BUJUONS, Q., JADUAD, A., KNITTWEIS, L., LOPEZ, J. L., SANCHEZ-VIDAL, A., SCHEMBRI, P. J., SNELGROVE, P. & VAZ, S. 2020. Towards a marine strategy for the deep Mediterranean Sea: analysis of current ecological status. Marine Policy, 112, 103781, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103781
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103781
DAVIDSON, L. N. & DULVY, N. K. 2017. Global marine protected areas to prevent extinctions. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1(2), 40.
DULVY, N. K., FOWLER, S. L., MUSICK, J. A., CAVANAGH, R. D., KYNE, P. M., HARRISON, L. R., CARLSON, J. K., DAVIDSON, L. N., FORDHAM, S. V., FRANCIS, M. P. & POLLOCK, C. M. 2014. Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays. eLife, 3, e00590.
EC (European Commission). 2012. Green Paper. Marine knowledge 2020 - from seabed mapping to ocean forecasting. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
EC (European Commission). 2015. BLUEMED Research and innovation initiative for blue jobs and growth in the Mediterranean area. Strategic research and innovation agenda Brussels: European Commission.
EC (European Commission). 2020. The EU blue economy report Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
EEA (European Environment Agency). Directive 2014/89/EU - Maritime spatial planning [online]. Brussels: European Environment Agency. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/directive-2014-89-eu-maritime [Accessed: March 2021].
» https://www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/directive-2014-89-eu-maritime
ELBARASSI, H., BASHIR, A. E. & AZZURRO, E. 2014. Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 in the Mediterranean Sea: filling the Libyan gap. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 30(5), 1047-1049.
EPARKHINA, D., POMARO, A., KOULOURI, P., BANCHI, E., CANU, D., UYARRA, M. & BURKEN, N. 2021. Ocean literacy in European oceanographic agencies: EuroGOOS recommendations for the UN decade of ocean science for sustainable development 2021-2030 Belgium: Publications EuroGOOS, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1076
» http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1076
EU (European Union). 2019. DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 5 June 2019 on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment Luxembourg: European Union.
EU (European Union). European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. 2020. Mission Starfish 2030: restore our ocean and waters - report of the mission board healthy oceans, seas, coastal and inland waters Luxembourg: European Union.
FALCINI, F., CORRADO, R., TORRI, M., MANGANO, M. C., ZARRAD, R., DI CINTIO, A., PALATELLA, L., JARBOUI, O., MISSAOUI, H., CUTTITTA, A., PATTI, B., SANTOLERI, R., SARà, G. & LACORATA, G. 2020. Seascape connectivity of European anchovy in the Central Mediterranean Sea revealed by weighted Lagrangian backtracking and bio-energetic modelling. Scientific Report, 10, 18630, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75680-8
» https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75680-8
FANELLI, E., AGUZZI, J., MARINI, S., DEL RIO, J., NOGUERAS, M., CANESE, S., STEFANNI, S., DANOVARO, R. & CONVERSANO, F. 2020. Towards Naples ecological research for augmented observatories (NEREA): the NEREA-Fix module, a stand-alone platform for long-term deep-sea ecosystem monitoring. Sensors, 20(10), 2911, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102911
» https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102911
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2020. The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2020. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FASSONI-ANDRADEL, A. C., DURANDL, F., MOREIRA, D., AZEVEDO, A., SANTOS, V. F., FUNI, C. & LARAQUE, A. 2021. Comprehensive bathymetry and intertidal topography of the Amazon estuary. Earth System Science Data, 13(5), 2275-2291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2275-2021
» https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2275-2021
FRANCOCCI, F., PAIFELMAN, E., CIAPPI, E., CEDRE, A., LE CORFF, C., RUEL, C., EFSTRATIOU, C., FALINI, G., GIANNAKOUROU, A., SOLANO-LOPEZ, J. M., STROGYLOUDI, E., RADDADI, N., PISTOCCHI, R., VALENTINI, S. & BARBANTI, A. 2019. MISTRAL Blue Growth Book. State of the art assessment and overview on the most relevant drivers and opportunities in the Mediterranean Blue Economy [online]. Rome: MISTRAL project. Available at: https://interreg-med.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Sites/Blue_Growth/Projects/MISTRAL/blue_book_v5_low_res.pdf [Accessed: March 2021].
GALASSI, G. & SPADA, G. 2014. Sea-level rise in the Mediterranean Sea by 2050: roles of terrestrial ice melt, steric effects and glacial isostatic adjustment. Global and Planetary Change, 123, 55-66.
GARCÉS, E. & CAMP, J. 2012. Habitat changes in the Mediterranean Sea and the consequences for harmful algal blooms formation. In: STAMBLER, N. (ed.). Life in the Mediterranean Sea: a look at habitat changes New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 519-541.
GARCÉS, E., MASÓ, M. & CAMP, J. 1999. A recurrent and localized dinoflagellate bloom in Mediterranean beach. Journal of Plankton Research, 21(12), 2373-2391.
GARCÉS, E., VILA, M., MASÓ, M. & CAMP, J. 2003. Harmful algae blooms in the Mediterranean Sea, the Catalan coast as an example. In: RODRIGUEZ-PRIETO, C. & PARDINI, G. (eds.). The Mediterranean Sea. An overview of its present state and plans for future protection Girona: Servei de Publicacions de la Universitat de Girona, pp. 147-160.
GASCUEL, D., COLL, M., FOX, C., GUÉNETTE, S., GUITTON, J., KENNY, A., KNITTWEIS, L., NIELSEN, J. R., PIET, G., RAID, T. & TRAVERS-TROLET, M. 2016. Fishing impact and environmental status in European seas: a diagnosis from stock assessments and ecosystem indicators. Fish and Fisheries, 17(1), 31-55.
GIORGETTI, A., PARTESCANO, E., BARTH, A., BUGA, L., GATTI, J., GIORGI, G., IONA, A., LIPIZER, M., HOLDSWORTH, N., LARSEN, M. M., SCHAAP, D., VINCI, M., & WENZER, M. 2018. EMODnet chemistry spatial data infrastructure for marine observations and related information. Ocean & Coastal Management, 166, 9-17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.016
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.016
GONZÁLEZ, D., COUGHLAN, C., STIPS, A., STOLK, A., POLA, C. G., ARANDA, I. M. M., GIORGI, G., REES, J., BABBINI, L., ZEICHEN, M. M., ALENIUS, P., CARIOU, V., ZERVAKIS, V. & KRZYMINSKI, W. 2015. Review of the Commission Decision 2010/477/EU concerning MSFD criteria for assessing Good Environmental Status. Luxembourg: Joint Research Centre - EU (European Commission), DOI: https://doi.org/10.2788/435059
» https://doi.org/10.2788/435059
GUIDETTI, P., NOTARBARTOLO‐DI-SCIARA, G. & AGARDY, T. 2013. Integrating pelagic and coastal MPAs into large-scale ecosystem-wide management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 23(1), 179-182.
HERRERA-GARCÍA, G., EZQUERRO, P., TOMÁS, R., BÉJAR-PIZARRO, M., LÓPEZ-VINIELLES, J., ROSSI, M., MATEOS, R. M., CARREÓN-FREYRE, D., LAMBERT, J., TEATINI, P., CABRAL-CANO, E., ERKENS, G., GALLOWAY, D., HUNG, W. C., KAKAR, N., SNEED, M., TOSI, L., WANG, H. & YE, S. 2021. Mapping the global threat of land subsidence. Science, 371(6524), 34-36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8549
» https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8549
HOEGH-GULDBERG, O., POLOCZANSKA, E. S., SKIRVING, W. & DOVE, S. 2017. Coral reef ecosystems under climate change and ocean acidification. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 158.
HOWE, B. M., ARBIC, B. K., AUCAN, J., BARNES, C. R., BAYLIFF, N., BECKER, N., BUTLER, R., DOYLE, L., ELIPOT, S., JOHNSON, G. C., LANDERER, F., LENTZ, S., LUTHER, D. S., MÜLLER, M., MARIANO, J., PANAYOTOU, K., ROWE, C., OTA, H., SONG, Y. T., THOMAS, M., THOMAS, P. N., THOMPSON, P., TILMANN, F., WEBER, T. & WEINSTEIN, S. 2019. SMART cables for observing the global ocean: science and implementation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00424
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00424
IOC (International Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO). 2020a. United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021-2030, Implementation Plan, Version 2.0 [online]. Paris: International Oceanographic Commission. Available at: https://oceanexpert.org/document/27347 [Accessed: March 2021]
» https://oceanexpert.org/document/27347
IOC (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO). 2020b. Global Ocean Science Report 2020 - charting capacity for ocean sustainability [online]. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375147 [Accessed: February 2021]
» https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375147
IOC (International Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO). 2021. Engaging and empowering regional stakeholders synthesis of regional consultation workshops (preparation phase 2019-2020) [online]. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Available at: https://www.oceandecade.org/resource/140/Engaging-and-Empowering-Regional-Stakeholders-Synthesis-of-Regional-Consultation-Workshops-Preparation-Phase-20192020 [Accessed: July 2021]
JENKINS, T. L. & STEVENS, J. R. 2018. Assessing connectivity between MPAs: selecting taxa and translating genetic data to inform policy. Marine Policy, 94, 165-173.
KAAL, J., SERRANO, O., CORTIZAS, A. M., BALDOCK, J. A. & LAVERY, P. S. 2019. Millennial-scale changes in the molecular composition of Posidonia australis seagrass deposits: implications for blue carbon sequestration. Organic Geochemistry, 137, 103898.
KANG-HYUN, J. 2019. Oceanic heritage, ocean literacy, and the way to the future. Journal of Ocean & Culture, 2, 6-20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33522/joc.2019.2.6
» https://doi.org/10.33522/joc.2019.2.6
KANNEN, A., GEE, K., BLAZAUSKAS, N., CORMIER, R., DAHL, K., GÖKE, C., MORF, A., ROSS, A. & SCHULTZ-ZEHDEN, A. 2016. Bonus Baltspace Deliverable 3.2: a catalogue of approaches and tools for MSP Luxembourg: EU (European Commission).
KELLY, R., FLEMING, A., PECL, G. T., VON GöNNER, J. & BONN, A. 2020. Citizen science and marine conservation: a global review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1814), 20190461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0461
» https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0461
LANDRIGAN, P. J., STEGEMAN, J. J., FLEMING, L. E., ALLEMAND, D., ANDERSON, D. M., BACKER, L. C., BRUCKER-DAVIS, F., CHEVALIER, N., CORRA, L., CZERUCKA, D., BOTTEIN, M. Y. D., DEMENEIX, B., DEPLEDGE, M., DEHEYN, D. D., DORMAN, C. J., FÉNICHEL, P., FISHER, S., GAILL, F., GALGANI, F., GAZE, W. H., GIULIANO, L., GRANDJEAN, P., HAHN, M. E., HAMDOUN, A., HESS, P., JUDSON, B., LABORDE, A., MCGLADE, J., MU, J., MUSTAPHA, A., NEIRA, M., NOBLE, R. T., PEDROTTI, M. L., REDDY, C., ROCKLÖV, J., SCHARLER, U. M., SHANMUGAM, H., TAGHIAN, G., VAN DE WATER, J. A. J. M., VEZZULLI, L., WEIHE, P., ZEKA, A., RAPS, H. & RAMPAL, P. 2020. Human health and ocean pollution. Annals of Global Health, 86(1), 151. DOI http://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2831
» http://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2831
LE TRAON, P. Y., REPPUCCI, A., ALVAREZ FANJUL, E., AOUF, L., BEHRENS, A., BELMONTE, M., BENTAMY, A., BERTINO, L., BRANDO, V. E., KREINER, M. B., BENKIRAN, M., CARVAL, T., CILIBERTI, S. A., CLAUSTRE, H., CLEMENTI, E., COPPINI, G., COSSARINI, G., ALONSO-MUÑOYERRO, M. A., DELAMARCHE, A., DIBARBOURE, G., DINESSEN, F., DREVILLON, M., DRILLET, Y., FAUGERE, Y., FERNÁNDEZ, V., FLEMING, A., GARCIA-HERMOSA, M. I., SOTILLO, M. G., GARRIC, G., GASPARIN, F., GIORDAN, C., GEHLEN, M., GREGOIRE, M. L., GUINEHUT, S., HAMON, M., HARRIS, C., HERNANDEZ,, F., HINKLER, J. B., HOYER, J., KARVONEN, J., KAY, S., KING, R., LAVERGNE, T., LEMIEUX-DUDON, B., LIMA, L., MAO, C., MARTIN, M. J., MASINA, S, MELET, A., NARDELLI, B. B., NOLAN, G., PASCUAL, A., PISTOIA, J., PALAZOV, A., PIOLLE, J. F., PUJOL, M. I., PEQUIGNET, A. C., PENEVA, E., GÓMEZ, B. P., PETIT, L. A., VILLEON, L., PINARDI, N., PISANO, A., POULIQUEN, S., REID, R., REMY, E., SANTOLERI, R., SIDDORN, J., SHE, J., STANEVA, J., STOFFELEN, A., TONANI, M., VANDENBULCKE, L., VON SCHUCKMANN, K., VOLPE, G., WETTRE, C. & ZACHARIOUDAKI, A. 2019. From observation to information and users: the Copernicus marine service perspective. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00234
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00234
LEMASSON, A. J., FLETCHER, S., HALL-SPENCER, J. M. & KNIGHTS, A. M. 2017. Linking the biological impacts of ocean acidification on oysters to changes in ecosystem services: a review. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 492, 49-62.
LIONELLO, P., CAVALERI, L., NISSEN, K. M., PINO, C., RAICICH, F. & ULBRICH, U. 2012. Severe marine storms in the Northern Adriatic: characteristics and trends. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 40-41, 93-105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.10.002
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.10.002
LIONELLO, P. & SCARASCIA, L. 2018. The relation between climate change in the Mediterranean region and global warming. Regional Environmental Change, 18(5), 1481-1493.
LIUBARTSEVA, S., COPPINI, G. & LECCI, R. 2019. Are Mediterranean marine protected areas sheltered from plastic pollution? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 140, 579-587, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.022
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.022
MACKENZIE, B., CELLIERS, L., ASSAD, L. P. D. F., HEYMANS, J. J., ROME, N., THOMAS, J., ANDERSON, C., BEHRENS, J., CALVERLEY, M., DESAI, K., DIGIACOMO, P. M., DJAVIDNIA, S., SANTOS, F., EPARKHINA, D., FERRARI, J., HANLY, C., HOUTMAN, B., JEANS, G., LANDAU, L., LARKIN, K., LEGLER, D., LE TRAON, P. Y., LINDSTROM, E., LOOSLEY, D., NOLAN, G., PETIHAKIS, G., PELLEGRINI, J., ROBERTS, Z., SIDDORN, J. R., SMAIL, E., SOUSA-PINTO, I. & TERRILL, E. 2019. The role of stakeholders in creating societal value from coastal and ocean observations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00137
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00137
MADRICARDO, F., FOGLINI, F., CAMPIANI, E., GRANDE, V., CATENACCI, E., PETRIZZO, A., KRUSS, A., TOSO, C. & TRINCARDI, F. 2019. Assessing the human footprint on the sea-floor of coastal systems: the case of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Scientific Reports, 9, 6615.
MALTA. MedFish Ministerial Declaration. 2017. Ministerial conference on the sustainability of Mediterranean fisheries [online]. Malta: MedFish Ministerial. Available at: https://gfcmsitestorage.blob.core.windows.net/website/MedFish4Ever/2017-03-30-declaration-malta.pdf [Accessed: March 2021].
» https://gfcmsitestorage.blob.core.windows.net/website/MedFish4Ever/2017-03-30-declaration-malta.pdf
MARAMAI, A., BRIZUELA, B. & GRAZIANI, L. 2014. The Euro-mediterranean tsunami catalogue. Annals of Geophysics, 57(4), S0435, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6437
» https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6437
MARCOS, M., CALAFAT, F. M., BERIHUETE, A. & DANGENDORF, S. 2015. Long-term variations in global sea level extremes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(12), 8115-8134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011173
» https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011173
MARTÍN, B. M., NOVELLINO, A., VINCI, M., CLAUS, S., CALEWAERT, J. B., VALLIUS, H., SCHMITT, T., PITITTO, A., GIORGETTI, A., ASKEW, N., IONA, S., SCHAAP, D., PINARDI, N., HARPHAM, Q., KATER, B. J., POPULUS, J., SHE, J., PALAZOV, A. V., MCMEEL, O., OSET, P., LEAR, D., MANZELLA, G. M. R., GORRINGE, P., SIMONCELLI, S., LARKIN, K., HOLDSWORTH, N., ARVANITIDIS, C. D., MOLINA, M. E. J., MONTERO, M. M. M., HERMAN, P. M. J. & HERNANDEZ, F. 2019. The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet): visions and roles of the gateway to marine data in Europe. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 313, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00313
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00313
MASELLI, M. & TRINCARDI, F. 2013. Man made deltas. Scientific Reports, 3(1), 1926, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01926
» https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01926
MCKINLEY, E. & FLETCHER, S. 2010. Individual responsibility for the oceans? An evaluation of marine citizenship by UK marine practitioners. Ocean Coastal Management, 53(7), 379-84.
MEDECC (Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental Change). 2020. Summary for Policymakers. Climate and environmental change in the Mediterranean basin - current situation and risks for the future. In: CRAMER, W., GUIOT, J. & MARINI, K. (eds.). First Mediterranean assessment report Marseille: Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental Change.
MELAKU, D. C., SOLIDORO, C., BANDELJ, V., QUATTROCCHI, G., SORGENTE, R., OLITA, A., FAZIOLI L. & CUCCO, A. 2015. Assessment of oil slick hazard and risk at vulnerable coastal sites. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 94(1-2), 84-95.
MELAKU, D. C., SOLIDORO, C., COSSARINI, G. & GIORGI, F. 2010. Effect of global change on bivalve rearing activity and the need for adaptive management. Climate Research, 42(1), 13-26.
MELE, B. H., RUSSO, L., CROCETTA, F., GAMBI, C., DELL’ANNO, A., DANOVARO, R., GUGLIELMO, R., MUSCO, L., PATTI, F. P., RIGINELLA, E., TANGHERLINI, M., D’ALCALá, M. R. & D’ALELIO, D. 2020. Ecological assessment of anthropogenic impact in marine ecosystems: the case of Bagnoli Bay. Marine Environmental Research, 158, 104953.
MELET, A., TEATINI, P., LE COZANNET, G., JAMET, C., CONVERSI, A., BENVENISTE, J. & ALMAR, R. 2020. Earth observations for monitoring marine coastal hazards and their drivers. Surveys in Geophysics, 41, 1489-1534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-020-09594-5
» https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-020-09594-5
MINNETT, P. J., ALVERA-AZCÁRATE, A., CHIN, T., CORLETT, G., GENTEMANN, C., KARAGALI, I., LI, X., MARSOUIN, A., MARULLO, S., MATURI, E., SANTOLERI, R., SAUX, S. P., STEELE, M. & VAZQUEZ-CUERVO, J. 2019. Half a century of satellite remote sensing of sea-surface temperature. Remote Sensing of Environment, 233, 111366.
MOKOS, M., CHEIMONOPOULOU, M., KOULOURI, P., PREVIATI, M., REALDON, G., SANTORO, F., MOGIAS, A., BOUBONARI, T., GAZO, M., SATTA, A., IOAKEIMIDIS, C., TOJEIRO, A., CHICOTE, C., PAPATHANASSIOU, M. & KEVREKIDIS, T. 2020. Mediterranean Sea literacy: when ocean literacy becomes region-specific. Mediterranean Marine Science, 21(3), 592-598, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.23400
» https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.23400
MOLINA, M. E. J., MONTERO, M. C., GALGANI, F., GIORGETTI, A., VINCI, M., LE MOIGNE, M. & BROSICH, A. 2019. EMODnet marine litter data management at Pan-European Scale. Ocean and Coastal Management, 181, 104930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104930
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104930
MOLTMANN, T., TURTON, J., ZHANG, H. M., NOLAN, G., GOULDMAN, C., GRIESBAUER, L., WILLIS, Z., PINIELLA, Á. M., BARRELL, S., ANDERSSON, E., GALLAGE, C., CHARPENTIER, E., BELBEOCH, M., POLI, P., REA, A., BURGER, E. F., LEGLER, D. M., LUMPKIN, R., MEINIG, C., O’BRIEN, K., SAHA, K., SUTTON, A., ZHANG, D. & ZHANG, Y. 2019. A global ocean observing system (GOOS), delivered through enhanced collaboration across regions, communities, and new technologies. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00291
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00291
ORGANELLI, E., BRICAUD, A., GENTILI, B., ANTOINE, D. & VELLUCCI, V. 2016. Retrieval of colored detrital matter (CDM) light absorption coefficients in the Mediterranean Sea using field and satellite ocean color radiometry: evaluation of bio-optical inversion models. Remote Sensing of Environment, 186, 297-310.
ORGANELLI, E., CLAUSTRE, H., BRICAUD, A., BARBIEUX, M., UITZ, J., D’ORTENZIO, F. & DALL’OLMO, G. 2017. Bio-optical anomalies in the World’s oceans: An investigation on the diffuse attenuation coefficients for downward irradiance derived from biogeochemical Argo float measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 122(5), 3543-3564, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012629
» https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012629
PAZZAGLIA, J., REUSCH, T. B. H., TERLIZZI, A., MARÍN-GUIRAO, L. & PROCACCINI, G. 2021. Phenotypic plasticity under rapid global changes: the intrinsic force for future seagrasses survival. Evolutionary Applications, 14(2), 1181-1201.
PÉREZ-PORTELA, R., RIESGO, A., WANGENSTEEN, O. S., PALACÍN, C. & TURON, X. 2020. Enjoying the warming Mediterranean: transcriptomic responses to temperature changes of a thermophilous keystone species in benthic communities. Molecular Ecology, 29(17), 3299-3315.
PIERDOMENICO, M., CASALBORE, D. & CHIOCCI, F. L. 2019. Massive benthic litter funneled to deep sea by flash-flood generated hyperpycnal flows. Scientific Reports, 9, 5330.
PINARDI, N., SIMONCELLI, S., CLEMENTI, E., MANZELLA, G., MOUSSAT, E., QUIMBERT, E., BLANC, F., VALLADEAU, G., GALANIS, G., KALLOS, G., PATLAKAS, P., REIZOPOULOU, S., KYRIAKIDOU, C., KATARA, I., KOUVADA, D., SKOULIKIDIS, N., GOMEZ-PUJOL, L., VALLESPIR, J., MARCH, D., TINTORE, J., FABI, G., SCARCELLA, G., TASSETTI, A. N., RAICICH, F., CRUZADO, A. & STYLIANOU, S. 2017. EMODnet MedSea checkpoint second data adequacy report (version 1). Oostende: EMODnet (European Marine Observation and Data Network), DOI: https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/medsea_checkpoint_dar2
» https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/medsea_checkpoint_dar2
PISANO, A., MARULLO, S., ARTALE, V., FALCINI, F., YANG, C., LEONELLI, F. E., SANTOLERI, R. & NARDELLI, B. B. 2020. New evidence of Mediterranean climate change and variability from sea surface temperature observations. Remote Sensing, 12(1), 132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010132
» https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010132
POMARO, A., CAVALERI, L. & LIONELLO, P. 2017. Climatology and trends of the Adriatic Sea wind waves: analysis of a 37-year long instrumental data set. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12), 4237-4250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5066
» https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5066
PREVIATI, M., CHEIMONOPOULOU, M., KOULOURI, P., REALDON, G., MOKOS, M., MOGIAS, A., BOUBONARI, T. & KEVREKIDIS, T. 2018. EMSEA Med: a vibrant network for the diffusion of Ocean Literacy in the Mediterranean region. In: 6th European Marine Science Educators Association (EMSEA) Conference, Newcastle, UK, 2-5 Oct 2018. Newcastle: EMSEA.
QIU, W. & JONES, P. J. S. 2013. The emerging policy landscape for marine spatial planning in Europe. Marine Policy, 39, 182-190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.10.010
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.10.010
QUERO, G. M., FASOLATO, L., VIGNAROLI, C. & LUNA, G. M. 2015. Understanding the association of Escherichia coli with diverse macroalgae in the lagoon of Venice. Scientific Reports, 5, 10969, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10969
» https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10969
RANDONE, M., DI CARLO, G. & COSTANTINI, M. 2017. Reviving the economy of the Mediterranean Sea: actions for a sustainable future Rome: World Wildlife Fund - Mediterranean Marine Initiative.
REALDON, G., CHEIMONOPOULOU, M., KOULOURI, P., MOKOS, M., MOGIAS, BOUBONARI, T., KEVREKIDIS, T., PREVIATI, M., SANTORO, F. & GAZO, M. 2018. EMSEA Med: birth and development of an initiative aimed at fostering Mediterranean Sea Literacy. EGU2018-17617-1 Vienna: European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2018.
REIMANN, L., VAFEIDIS, A. T., BROWN, S., HINKEL, J. & TOL, R. S. J. 2018. Mediterranean UNESCO world heritage at risk from coastal flooding and erosion due to sea-level rise. Nature Communications, 9, 4161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06645-9
» https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06645-9
RYABININ, V., BARBIÈRE, J., HAUGAN, P., KULLENBERG, G., SMITH, N., MCLEAN, C., TROISI, A., FISCHER, A., ARICÒ, S., AARUP, T., PISSIERSSENS, P., VISBECK, M., ENEVOLDSEN, H. O. & RIGAUD, J. 2019. The UN decade of ocean science for sustainable development. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 470, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00470
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00470
SALON, S., COSSARINI, G., BOLZON, G., FEUDALE, L., LAZZARI, P., TERUZZI, A., SOLIDORO, C. & CRISE, A. 2019. Novel metrics based on biogeochemical Argo data to improve the model uncertainty evaluation of the CMEMS Mediterranean marine ecosystem forecasts. Ocean Science, 15, 997-1022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019
» https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019
SAMMARTINO, M., DI CICCO, A., MARULLO, S. & SANTOLERI, R. 2015. Spatio-temporal variability of micro-, nano-and pico-phytoplankton in the Mediterranean Sea from satellite ocean colour data of SeaWiFS. Ocean Science, 11(5), 759-778.
SAMMARTINO, M., NARDELLI, B. N., MARULLO, S. & SANTOLERI, R. 2020. An artificial neural network to infer the Mediterranean 3D chlorophyll-a and temperature fields from remote sensing observations. Remote Sensing, 12(24), 4123.
SHEPHERD, I. 2018. European efforts to make marine data more accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 18, 75-81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00181
» https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00181
SLOYAN, B. M., WILKIN, J., HILL, K. L., CHIDICHIMO, M. P., CRONIN, M. F., JOHANNESSEN, J. A., KARSTENSEN, J., KRUG, M., LEE, T., OKA, E., PALMER, M. D., RABE, B., SPEICH, S., VON SCHUCKMANN, K., WELLER, R. A. & YU, W. 2019. Evolving the physical global ocean observing system for research and application services through international coordination. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 449, DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00449
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00449
SOLIDORO, C., BANDELJ, V., COSSARINI, G., LIBRALATO, S. & CANU, D. M. 2009. Challenges for ecological modelling in a changing world: global changes, sustainability and ecosystem based management. Ecological Modelling, 21(220), 2825-2827.
SPROVIERI, M., CORI, L., BIANCHI, F., CIBELLA, F. & GAETANO, A. 2021. Ambiente e salute nei siti contaminati Rome: Dalla Ricerca Scientifica Alle Decisioni.
SPROVIERI, M., ELJARRAT, E. & BIANCHI, F. 2020. Editorial: environment and health. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, 598611, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.598611
» https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.598611
STUCHTEY, M., VINCENT, A., MERKL, A. & BUCHER, M. 2020. Ocean solutions that benefit people, nature and the economy [online]. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available at: www.oceanpanel.org/ocean-solutions [Accessed: July 2021].
» www.oceanpanel.org/ocean-solutions
TANHUA, T., POULIQUEN, S., HAUSMAN, J., O’BRIEN, K., BRICHER, P., DE BRUIN, T., BUCK, J. J. H., BURGER, E. F., CARVAL, T., CASEY, K. S., DIGGS, S., GIORGETTI, A., GLAVES, H., HARSCOAT, V., KINKADE, D., MUELBERT, J. H., NOVELLINO, A., PFEIL, B., PULSIFER, P. L., VAN DE PUTTE, A., ROBINSON, E., SCHAAP, D., SMIRNOV, A., SMITH, N., SNOWDEN, D., SPEARS, T., STALL, S., TACOMA, M., THIJSSE, P., TRONSTAD, S., VANDENBERGHE, T., WENGREN, M., WYBORN, L. & ZHAO, Z. 2019. Ocean FAIR data services. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 440, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00440
» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00440
TERZIĆ, E., LAZZARI, P., ORGANELLI, E., SOLIDORO, C., SALON, S., D’ORTENZIO, F. & CONAN, P. 2019. Merging bio-optical data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats and models in marine biogeochemistry. Biogeosciences, 16(12), 2527-2542, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019
» https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019
TINTORÉ, J., PINARDI, N., ÁLVAREZ-FANJUL, E., AGUIAR, E., ÁLVAREZ-BERASTEGUI, D., BAJO, M., BALBIN R., BOZZANO, R., NARDELLI, B. B., CARDIN, V., CASAS, B., CHARCOS-LLORENS, M., CHIGGIATO, J., CLEMENTI, E., COPPINI, G., COPPOLA, L., COSSARINI, G., DEIDUN, A., DEUDERO, S., D’ORTENZIO, F., DRAGO, A., DRUDI, M., EL SERAFY, G., ESCUDIER, R., FARCY, P., FEDERICO, I., FERNÁNDEZ, J. G., FERRARIN, C., FOSSI, C., FRANGOULIS, C., GALGANI, F., GANA, S., LAFUENTE, J. G., SOTILLO, M. G., GARREAU, P., GERTMAN, I., GÓMEZ-PUJOL, L., GRANDI, A., HAYES, D., HERNÁNDEZ-LASHERAS, J., HERUT, B., HESLOP, E., HILMI, K., JUZA, M., KALLOS, G., KORRES, G., LECCI, R., LAZZARI, P., LORENTE, P., LIUBARTSEVA, S., LOUANCHI, F., MALACIC, V., MANNARINI, G., MARCH, D., MARULLO, S., MAURI, E., MESZAROS, L., MOURRE, B., MORTIER, L., MUÑOZ-MAS, C., NOVELLINO, A., OBATON, D., ORFILA, A., PASCUAL, A., PENSIERI, S., PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, B., PÉREZ-RUBIO, S., PERIVOLIOTIS, L., PETIHAKIS, G., DE LA VILLÉON, L. P., PISTOIA, J., POULAIN, P. M., POULIQUEN, S., PRIETO, L., RAIMBAULT, P., REGLERO, P., REYES, E., ROTLLAN, P., RUIZ, S., RUIZ, J., RUIZ, I., RUIZ-OREJÓN, L. F., SALIHOGLU, B., SALON, S., SAMMARTINO, S., ARCILLA, A. S., SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, A., SANNINO, G., SANTOLERI, R., SARDÁ, R., SCHROEDER, K., SIMONCELLI, S., SOFIANOS, S., SYLAIOS, G., TANHUA, T., TERUZZI, A., TESTOR, P., TEZCAN, D., TORNER, M., TROTTA, F., UMGIESSER, G., VON SCHUCKMANN, K., VERRI, G., VILIBIC, I., YUCEL, M., ZAVATARELLI, M. & ZODIATIS, G. 2019. Challenges for sustained observing and forecasting systems in the Mediterranean Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 568.
TODD, P. A., HEERY, E. C., LOKE, L. H., THURSTAN, R. H., KOTZE, D. J. & SWAN, C. 2019. Towards an urban marine ecology: characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities. Oikos, 128(9), 1215-1242.
TONINI, R., DI MANNA, P., LORITO, S., SELVA, J., VOLPE, M., ROMANO, F., BASILI, R., BRIZUELA, B., CASTRO, M. J., DE LA ASUNCIÓN, M., DI BUCCI, D., DOLCE, M., GARCIA, A., GIBBONS, S. J., GLIMSDAL, S., GONZÁLEZ-VIDA, J. M., LØVHOLT, F., MACÍAS, J., PIATANESI, A., PIZZIMENTI, L., SÁNCHEZ LINARES, C. & VITTORI, E. 2021. Testing inundation maps for evacuation planning in Italy. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, 628061, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.628061
» https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.628061
TRABONI, C., MAMMOLA, S. D., RUOCCO, M., ONTORIA, Y., RUIZ, J. M., PROCACCINI, G. & MARÍN-GUIRAO, L. 2018. Predictive molecular indicators of heat stress in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in a global change scenario. Marine Environmental Research, 141, 12-23.
TRIANTAFYLLOU, I., GOGOU, M., MAVROULIS, S., LEKKAS, E., PAPADOPOULOS, G. A. & THRAVALOS, M. 2021. The tsunami caused by the 30 October 2020 Samos (Aegean Sea) Mw7.0 Earthquake: hydrodynamic features, source properties and impact assessment from post-event field survey and video records. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(1), 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010068
» https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010068
TRINCARDI, F., BARBANTI, A., BASTIANINI, M., BENETAZZO, A., CAVALERI, L., CHIGGIATO, J., PAPA, A., POMARO, A., SCLAVO, M., TOSI, L. & UMGIESSER, G. 2016. The 1966 flooding of Venice: what time taught us for the future. Oceanography, 29(4), 178-186.
TUNESI, L., CASAZZA, G., DALÙ, M. & GIORGI, G. 2013. The implementation of the marine strategy framework directive in Italy: knowledge to support the management. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 20(1), 35-52.
UMGIESSER, G. 2020. The impact of operating the mobile barriers in Venice (MOSE) under climate change. Journal for Nature Conservation, 54, 125783, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125783
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125783
UNEP (DEPI)/MED (United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan). 2008. Decision IG 17/6: Implementation of the ecosystem approach to the management of human activities that may affect the Mediterranean marine and coastal environment [online]. Athens: United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan. Available at: https://www.rac-spa.org/sites/default/files/ecap/ig17_6_eng.pdf [Accessed: July 2021]
» https://www.rac-spa.org/sites/default/files/ecap/ig17_6_eng.pdf
UNEP (DEPI)/MED (United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan). 2012. Decision IG.20/4 Implementing MAP ecosystem approach roadmap: Mediterranean ecological and operational objectives, indicators and timetable for implementing the ecosystem approach roadmap [online]. Paris: United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan. Available at: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7320/12ig20_8_annex2_20_04_eng.pdf [Accessed: February 2021]
» https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7320/12ig20_8_annex2_20_04_eng.pdf
UNEP (DEPI)/MED (United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan). 2013. Decision IG.21/3 on the ecosystems approach including adopting definitions of good environmental status (GES) and targets [online]. Istanbul: United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan. Available at: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/6008/13ig21_09_annex2_21_03_eng.pdf [Accessed: March 2021]
» https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/6008/13ig21_09_annex2_21_03_eng.pdf
UNEP/MAP (United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan). 2015. Marine litter assessment in the Mediterranean Barcelona: United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan - Barcelona Convention.
UNEP/MAP (United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan). 2017. Mediterranean quality status report (QSR) Barcelona: United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan - Barcelona Convention.
UNEP/MAP (United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan). Plan Bleu Regional Activity Centre. 2020. SoED 2020: state of environment and development in Mediterranean [online]. Marseille: United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan & Plan Bleu Regional Activity Centre. Available at: https://planbleu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/SoED-Full-Report.pdf [Accessed: March 2021]
» https://planbleu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/SoED-Full-Report.pdf
VALENTINI, A., TABERLET, P., MIAUD, C., CIVADE, R., HERDER, J., THOMSEN, P. F., BELLEMAIN, E., BESNARD, A., COISSAC, E., BOYER, F., GABORIAUD, C., JEAN, P., POULET, N., ROSET, N., COPP, G. H., GENIEZ, P., PONT, D., ARGILLIER, C., BAUDOIN, J. M., PEROUX, T., CRIVELLI, A. J., OLIVIER, A., ACQUEBERGE, M., LE BRUN, M., MØLLER, P. R., WILLERSLEV, E. & DEJEAN, T. 2016. Next-generation monitoring of aquatic biodiversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Molecular Ecology, 25(4), 929-42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13428
» https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13428
VOLPE, G., COLELLA, S., FORNERIS, V., TRONCONI, C. & SANTOLERI, R. 2012. Mediterranean ocean colour observing system - system development and product validation. Ocean Science, 8(5), 869-883, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-869-2012
» https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-869-2012
VON SCHUCKMANN, K., LE TRAON, P. Y., SMITH, N., PASCUAL, A., DJAVIDNIA, S., GATTUSO, J. P., GRÉGOIRE, M., NOLAN, G., AABOE, S., FANJUL, E. Á., AOUF, L., AZNAR, R., BADEWIEN, T. H., BEHRENS, A., BERTA, M., BERTINO, L., BLACKFORD, J., BOLZON, G., BORILE, F., BRETAGNON, M., BREWIN, R. J. W., CANU, D., CESSI, P., CIAVATTA, S., CHAPRON, B., TRANG CHAU, T. T., CHEVALLIER, F., CHTIRKOVA, B., CILIBERTI, S., CLARK, J. R., CLEMENTI, E., COMBOT, C., COMERMA, E., CONCHON, A., COPPINI, G., CORGNATI, L. P., COSSARINI, G., CRAVATTE, S., DE ALFONSO, M., DE BOYER MONTÉGUT, C., DE LERA, FERNÁNDEZ, C., DE LOS SANTOS, F. J., DENVIL-SOMMER, A., DE PASCUAL COLLAR, Á., DIAS NUNES, P. A. L., DI BIAGIO, V., DRUDI, M., EMBURY, O., FALCO, P., D’ANDON, O. F., FERRER, L., FORD, D., FREUND, H., LEÓN, M. G., SOTILLO, M. G., GARCÍA-VALDECASAS, J. M., GARNESSON, P., GARRIC, G., GASPARIN, F., GEHLEN, M., GENUA-OLMEDO, A., GEYER, G., GHERMANDI, A., GOOD, S. A., GOURRION, J., GREINER, E., GRIFFA, A., GONZÁLEZ, M., HERNÁNDEZ-CARRASCO, I., ISOARD,, S., KENNEDY, J. J., KAY, S., KOROSOV, A., LAANEMÄE, K., LAND, P. E., LAVERGNE, T., LAZZARI, P., LEGEAIS, J. F., LEMIEUX,, B., LEVIER, B., LLOVEL, W., LYUBARTSEV, V., LIEN, V. S., LIMA, L., LORENTE, P., MADER, J., MAGALDI, M. G., MANGIN, A., MALJUTENKO, I., MANTOVANI, C., MARINOVA, V., MASINA, S., MAURI, E., MEYERJÜRGENS, J., MIGNOT, A., MCEWAN, R., MEJIA, C., MELET, A., MENNA, M., MEYSSIGNAC, B., MOUCHE, A., MOURRE, B., MÜLLER, M., NOTARSTEFANO, G., PARDO, S., ORFILA, A., PENEVA, E., PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, B., PERRUCHE, C., PETERLIN, M., POULAIN, P. M., PINARDI, N., QUILFEN, Y., RAUDSEPP, U., RENSHAW, R., RÉVELARD, A., REYES-REYES, E., RICKER, M., RODRÍGUEZ-RUBIO, P., ROTLLÁN, P., GELABERT, E. R., RUBIO, A., RUIZ-PARRADO, I., SATHYENDRANATH, S., SHE, J., VON SCHUCKMANN, K., SOLIDORO, C., STANEV, E. V., STANEVAM, J., STORTOM, A., SUM, J., BAKHSHM, T. T., TILSTONEM, G. H., TINTORÉ, J., TOLEDANO, C., TOURNADREM, J., TRANCHANT, B., UIBOUPIN, R., VALCARCEL, A., VALCHEVA, N., VERBRUGGE, N., VRAC, M., WOLFF, J. O., ZAMBIANCHI, E., ZIELINSKI, O. & ZUNINO, S. 2020. Copernicus marine service ocean state report. Journal of Operational Oceanography, 13(4 Suppl 1), S1-S172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2020.1785097
» https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2020.1785097
WILKINSON, M. D., DUMONTIER, M., AALBERSBERG, I. J., APPLETON, G., AXTON, M., BAAK, A., BLOMBERG, N., BOITEN, J. W., SANTOS, L. B. S., BOURNE, P. E., BOUWMAN, J., BROOKES, A. J., CLARK, T., CROSAS, M., DILLO, I., DUMON, O., EDMUNDS, S., EVELO, C. T., FINKERS, R., GONZALEZ-BELTRAN, A., GRAY, A. J. G., GROTH, P., GOBLE, C., GRETHE, J. S., HERINGA, J., A.C’T HOEN, P., HOOFT, R., KUHN, T., KOK, R., KOK, J., LUSHER, S. J., MARTONE, M. E., MONS, A., PACKER, A. L., PERSSON, B., ROCCA-SERRA, P., ROOS, M., VAN SCHAIK, R., SANSONE, S. A., SCHULTES, E., SENGSTAG, T., SLATER, T., STRAWN, G., SWERTZ, M. A., THOMPSON, M., VAN DER LEI, J., VAN MULLIGEN, E., VELTEROP, J., WAAGMEESTER, A., WITTENBURG, P., WOLSTENCROFT, K., ZHAO, J. & MONS, B. 2016. The FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific Data, 3, 160018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18
» https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18
WOLFF, C., NIKOLETOPOULOS, T., HINKEL, J. & VAFEIDIS, A. T. 2020. Future urban development exacerbates coastal exposure in the Mediterranean. Scientific Reports, 10, 14420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70928-9
» https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70928-9
WWF (World Wildlife Fund). 2019. Stop the flood of plastic: how Mediterranean countries can save their sea Rome: World Wildlife Fund - Mediterranean Marine Initiative.
ZINGONE, A., ESCALERA, L., ALIGIZAKI, K., FERNÁNDEZ-TEJEDOR, M., ISMAEL, A., MONTRESOR, M., MOZETIČ, P., TAŞ, S. & TOTTI, C. 2021. Toxic marine microalgae and noxious blooms in the Mediterranean Sea: a contribution to the Global HAB Status Report. Harmful Algae, 102, 101843, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2020.101843
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2020.101843
ZUNINO, S., LIBRALATO, S., MELAKU, D. C. & SOLIDORO, C. 2021. Impact of ocean acidification on ecosystem functioning and services in habitat-forming species and marine ecosystems. Ecosystems, 2021, 1-15.
