Digital media use on interactions between mother and child: differences in infants’ early years
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3210Keywords:
Childhood, Family, TechnologyAbstract
Children are increasingly using digital media (smartphones, tablets, and television) at an early age, which is affecting their development. This study aims to describethe ways in which media isused by mothers and infants, and to examine similarities and differences between infants aged 0-3 years. 435 mothers of infants aged 0-36 months responded to an online survey.A sociodemographic questionnaire and media use questionnairewere used. The results show that mothers routinely use media to entertain infants, specially when they feel the need to rest or do household chores.We identified that media use differs and increases with the infants’ age. The study addresses a current and culturally relevant phenomenon;it expands the understanding of media use, discusses theirimpact, addresses repercussions on child development, daily life, and family interaction, and offers recommendations on their use.
Downloads
References
Aguilar-Farias, N., Toledo-Vargas, M., Miranda-Marquez, S., Cortinez-O’Ryan, A., Cristi-Montero, C., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, F., ...Del Pozo Cruz, B. (2020). Sociodemographic predictors of changes in physical activity, screen time, and sleep among toddlers and preschoolers in Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 176. doi:10.3390/ijerph18010176
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2008). Temper tantrums: A normal part of growing up. Retrieved from http://www.heardalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Parenting-Temper-Tantrums.pdf
American Academy of Pediatrics, &Council on Communications and Media. (2016). Media and young minds. Pediatrics, 138(5), e20162591. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2591
Arufe-Giráldez, V. I., Sanmiguel-Rodríguez, A., Zagalaz-Sánchez, M. L., Cachón-Zagalaz, J., &González-Valero, G. (2020). Sleep, physical activity and screens in 0-4 years Spanish children during the COVID-19 pandemic: Were the WHO recommendations met? Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 17(3), 1-20. doi:10.14198/jhse.2022.173.02
Barr, R., Kirkorian, H., Radesky, J., Coyne, S., Nichols, D., Blanchfield, O., … Fitzpatrick, C. (2020). Beyond screen time: A synergistic approach to a more comprehensive assessment of family media exposure during early childhood. Frontiers in Psychology,11, 1283. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01283
Cartanyà-Hueso, A., Lidón-Moyano, C., Cassanello, P., Díez-Izquierdo, A., Martín-Sánchez, J. C., Balaguer, A., &Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2021). Smartphone and tablet usage during COVID-19 pandemic confinement in children under 48 months in Barcelona (Spain). Healthcare(Basel, Switzerland), 9(1), 96. doi:10.3390/healthcare9010096
Carter, B., Rees, P., Hale, L., Bhattacharjee, D., &Paradkar, M. S. (2016). Association between portable screen-based media device access or use and sleep outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(12), 1202-1208. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341
Chiodelli, T., Rodrigues, O. M. P. R., Pereira, V. A., Lopes dos Santos, P., &Fuertes, M. (2021). Face-to-face still-face: Comparison between interactive behaviors of full-term and preterm infants. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto),31, e3102.doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3102
Common Sense Media. (2017). The Common Sense Census: Media use by kids age zero to eight. A special population: children under two. Retrieved fromhttps://www.commonsense.org/zero-to-eight-census
Common Sense Media. (2013). Zero to Eight: Children’s media use in America 2013. Retrieved fromhttps://www.commonsensemedia.org/file/zero-to-eight-2013pdf-0/download
Duch, H., Fisher, E. M., Ensari, I., Font, M., Harrington, A., Taromino, C., … Rodriguez, C. (2013). Association of screen time use and language development in Hispanic toddlers: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. ClinicalPediatrics, 52(9), 857-865.doi:10.1177/ 0009922813492881
Elias, N., & Sulkin, I. (2017). YouTube viewers in diapers: An exploration of factors associated with amount of toddlers’ online viewing. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(3), 1-18. doi:10.5817/CP2017-3-2
Fidler, A. E., Zack, E.,& Barr, R. (2010). Television viewing patterns in 6-to-18-month-olds: The role of caregiver-infant interactional quality. Infancy, 15(2), 176-196. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00013.x
Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., & Bonner, R. L. (2015). Exposure and use of mobile media devices by young children. Pediatrics,136(6), 1044-50. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2151
Kildare, C. A., &Middlemiss, W. (2017). Impact of parents mobile device use on parent-child interaction: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 579-593. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.003
Lourenco, S. F., & Tasimi, A. (2020). No participant left behind: Conducting science during COVID-19. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(8), 583-584. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.003
Mallmann, M. Y.,& Frizzo, G. B. (2019). O uso das novas tecnologias em famílias com bebês: Um mal necessário? [The use of new technologies in familieswith babies: A necessaryevil?]. Revista Cocar,(7), 26-46. doi:10.31792/rc.v0i7
McDaniel, B. T., &Coyne, S. M. (2016). Technologyinterference of in the parenting of young children: Implications for mothers’ perceptions of coparenting. The Social Science Journal, 53(4), 435-443. doi:10.1016/j.sos cij.2016.04.010
McDaniel, B. T.,&Radesky, J. S. (2017). Technoference: Parent distraction with technology and associations with child behavior problems.Child Development,89(1), 100-109. doi:10.1111/cdev.12822
Munzer, T.G., Miller, A.L., Weeks, H.M., Kaciroti, N., &Radesky, J. (2019). Parent-toddler social reciprocity during reading from electronic tablets vs print books. JAMAPediatrics,173(11), 1076-1083. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3480
Napier, C. (2014). How use of screen media affects the emotional development of infants. Primary Health Care, 24(2), 18-25.doi:10.7748/phc2014.02.24.2.18.e816
Nevski, E.,&Siibak, A. (2016). The role of parents and parental mediation on 0–3-year olds’ digital play with smart devices: Estonian parents’ attitudes and practices. EarlyYears:InternationalResearchJournal, 36(3), 227-241. doi:10.1080/09575146.2016.1161601
Núcleo de Pesquisa e Intervenção em Famílias com Bebês e Crianças.(2017). Questionário de dados sócio-demográficos [Socio-demographic data questionnaire].Porto Alegre, RS: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instrumento não publicado.
Piaget, J. (1978). O nascimento da inteligência na criança [The originsofintelligence in children](A. Cabral, Trans., 3rd ed.). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Zahar. (Original work published 1936).
Radesky, J. S., & Christakis, D. A. (2016). Increased screen time: Implications for early childhood development and behavior. Pediatric Clinics, 63(5), 827-839. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2016.06.006
Radesky, J. S., Miller, A. L., Rosenblum, K. L., Appugliese, D., Kaciroti, N., &Lumeng, J. C. (2015). Maternal mobile device use during a structured parent-child interaction task. Academic Pediatrics, 15(2), 238-244. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2014.10.001
Radesky, J. S., Peacock-Chambers, E., Zuckerman, B., & Silverstein, M. (2016). Use of mobile technology to calm upset children. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(4), 397-399. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4260
Radesky, J. S., Silverstein, M., Zuckerman, B., & Christakis, D. A. (2014). Infant self-regulation and early childhood media exposure. Pediatrics, 133(5), e1172-e1178.doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2367
Raman, S., Guerrero-Duby, S., McCullough, J. L., Brown, M., Ostrowski-Delahanty, S., Langkamp, D., &Duby, J. C. (2017). Screen exposure during daily routinesand a young child’s risk for having social-emotional delay. ClinicalPediatrics, 56(13), 1244-1253. doi:10.1177/0009922816684600
Rideout, V., &Robb, M. B. (2020). The Common Sense census: Media use by kids age zero to eight, 2020. Retrieved fromhttps://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/2020_zero_to_eight_census_final_web.pdf
Robson, C. (2002). Real-world research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. (2019). The health impacts of screen time: A guide for clinicians and parents. Retrieved fromhttps://www.rcpch.ac.uk/resources/health-impacts-screen-time-guide-clinicians-parents
Schmidt, M., Rich, M., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., Oken, E., & Taveras, E. M. (2009). Television viewing in infancy and child cognition at 3 years of age in a US cohort. Pediatrics,123(3), e370-e375.doi:10.1542 / peds.2008-3221
Shonkoff, J. P. (2017). Breakthrough impacts: What science tells us about supporting early childhood development. YC Young Children,72(2), 8-16. Retrievedfrom https://www.jstor.org/stable/90004117
SociedadeBrasileira de Pediatria. (2019). #Menostela #maissaúde: Manual de orientação [#Less screen #more health: Guidance manual]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sbp.com.br/imprensa/detalhe/nid/menos-telas-mais-saude/
Strasburger, V. (2007). First do no harm: Why have parents and pediatricians missed the boat on children and media? JournalofPediatrics, 151(4), 334-336.doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.05.040
Winnicott, D. W. (2005). Tudo começa em casa [Home iswherewe start from](P. C. Sandler, Trans., 4th ed.). São Paulo, SP: Martins Fontes. (Original work published in 1986).
World Health Organization. (2019). Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.Retrieved from http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/311664
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Editorial Board authorizes free access to and distribution of published contentes, provided that the source is cited, that is, granding credit to the authors and Paidéia and preserving the full text. The author is allowed to place the final version (postprint / editor’s PDF) in an institutional/thematic repositor or personal page (site, blog), immediately after publication, provided that it is available for open access and comes without any embargo period. Full reference should be made to the first publication in Paidéia. Access to the paper should at least be aligned with the access the journal offers.
As a legal entity, the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages owns and holds the copyright deriving from the publication. To use the papers, Paidéia adopts the Creative Commons Licence, CC BY-NC non-commercial attribution. This licence permits access, download, print, share, reuse and distribution of papers, provided that this is for non-commercial use and that the source is cited, giving due authorship credit to Paidéia. In these cases, neither authors nor editors need any permission.
When deriving from research involving human beings, manuscripts need IRB approval, in compliance with the guidelines and standards of the Brazilian National Health Council Resolution 196/96 – Ministry of Health. Authors should attach the digital copy of the IRB declaration of approval, according to instructions displayed further ahead.
Funding data
-
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Grant numbers 88882.346437/2019-01
