Descriptions, notes and new records in south american Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Three new species and one new genus are described: Psyrassa lisitskyi sp. nov., from Peru (Elaphidiini); Ophtalmibidion antonkozlovi sp. nov., from Colombia (Neoibidionini); and Nappella gen. nov., is proposed to N. antonkozlovi sp. nov., from Peru (Calliini). Epectasis mexicana Breuning, 1954 is redescribed, and figured for the first time, and recorded for Colombia. Psyrassa lisitskyi is included in a modified couplet from a previous key. A key to species of Ophtalmibidion and genera of Calliini are provided. Chorenta biramiguelus is recorded for Peru. Key-Words. Key; Longhorned beetle; South America; Taxonomy.


INTRODUCTION
Central and South America have a great and complex geobiotic history which reflects in its great biodiversity (Carvalho & Almeida, 2011). The immense diversity of Cerambycidae can be verified in the "Catalog of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region", which includes distribution and taxonomic history of the species (Monné, 2018a, b, c) Recently Anton Olegovich Kozlov (Moscow, Russia), sent several specimens of Cerambycidae, mostly from Mexico, Costa Rica, Peru, and Colombia for study in the MZSP. Through the study of these specimens we found some new species, which are described and illustrated, and establish a new country record. Additionally, we redescribed Epectasis mexicana Breuning, 1954 to provide detailed information for future revisions of this problematic genus with poorly defined species.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Photographs were taken with a Canon EOS Rebel T3i DSLR camera, Canon MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 1-5X macro lens, controlled by Zerene Stacker AutoMontage software. Measurements were taken in "mm" using measuring ocular Hensoldt/ Wetzlar -Mess 10 in the Leica MZ6 stereomicroscope, also used in the study of the specimens.
Only the new species of Psyrassa is described by the four authors. The new genus and the other new species are described by the three first authors. We redescribed Epectasis mexicana based on the holotype and in a second known male.
The acronyms used in the text are as follows: -AKPC = Anton Kozlov Private Collection, Moscow, Russia -MZSP = Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil -RBINS = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium

Cerambycinae Elaphidiini Thomson, 1864
Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 Psyrassa was revised by Toledo (2005). After this, seven species were described. Currently, the genus includes 42 species distributed from southern United States of America to northern South America, including Caribbean islands (Monné, 2018a;Tavakilian & Chevillotte, 2017). Martins (2005) characterized the South American species of Psyrassa by the prothorax longer than wide, with III antennomere as long as the IV and with an apical spine, blunt-tipped, almost as long as the antennomere, by the center of the pronotum without tubercles and by the sublinear metafemora. In his phylogenetic study, Lingafelter (1998) characterized the genus by the strong basal pronotal constriction, sparsely punctate, pubescent pronotum, procoxal cavities strongly closed and by the short antennomere III.
Psyrassa lisitskyi Santos-Silva, Nascimento, Drumont & Kozlov, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-4) Description: Male. Color. Head blackish, slightly reddish on some areas depending on light intensity; antennae black; pronotum dark reddish brown (more dark-brown depending on light intensity) except black, narrow anterior and posterior areas close to margins; remaining surface of prothorax mostly black with irregular dark reddish-brown areas (slightly distinct depending on light intensity); ventral side of meso-and metathorax black (somewhat dark reddish brown on some areas, depending on light intensity); elytra black centrally from base to near apex (this area narrowed toward apex), dark reddish brown on remaining surface; legs black, slightly reddish on tarsi; abdominal ventrites dark reddish brown, more blackish centrally.
Head: Frontal plate rugose; sides of frons depressed, moderately coarsely, densely punctate laterally; central area moderately coarsely, abundant punctate (punctures smoother than on sides); with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae (more whitish depending on light intensity). Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes moderately finely, smoothly, abundantly punctate except nearly smooth area close to eyes; with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae (more whitish depending on light intensity). Remaining surface of vertex finely, sparsely punctate (denser on central area close to prothoracic margin); with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae (more whitish depending on light intensity), distinctly sparser than on area between antennal tubercles and eyes. Area behind eyes moderately finely, abundantly punctate (less so close to eyes); glabrous except a few minute yellowish-white setae close to inferior side of lower eye lobes. Genae very small (anterior margin of lower eye lobes touching distal margin dorsally), nearly glabrous, rounded apically. Antennal tubercles moderately finely, sparsely punctate except smooth distal area; with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae (more whitish depending on light intensity). Last segment of maxillary and labial palpi slightly widened at basal third, subparallel-sided on remaining surface, with apex obliquely truncate. Median groove distinct from frontal plate to area between upper eye lobes. Postclypeus smooth, distinctly narrow on wide central area; with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae (more whitish depending on light intensity); with one long, erect, translucent yellowish seta on each side of wide central area. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on posterior third, inclined on anterior ⅔; nearly glabrous close to anteclypeus, with short golden setae on remaining sur-face. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous between prothoracic margin and posterior margin of lower eye lobes; moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate, with both, short and long yellowish-white setae (more whitish depending on light intensity) between eye lobes. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.51 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.80 times length of scape. Antennae (missing antennomeres V-XI of left antennae; missing antennomeres VIII-XI of right antennae -antennomeres V-VII glued on a card) almost reaching posterior third of elytra. Psyrassa lisitskyi sp. nov., differs from P. ludmilakozlovae by the spine of inner apex of the antennomere III straight and distinctly shorter than maximum width of the antennomere, antennomere IV with minute spine at inner apex, antennomeres V-VII unarmed at inner apex, procoxal cavities open posteriorly, and outer elytral apex without spine. In P. ludmilakozlovae, the spine of inner apex of the antennomere III is curved and distinctly longer than maximum width of the antennomere, antennomere IV has long spine at inner apex, antennomeres V-VII have distinct spine at inner apex, procoxal cavities are closed posteriorly, and the outer elytral apex has distinct spine. It differs from P. meridionalis by the spine of antennomere III distinctly shorter (longer than maximum width of the antennomere in P. meridionalis), apex of antennomere IV with spicule (with distinct spine in P. meridionalis), and procoxal cavities open posteriorly (closed in P. meridionalis). According to Martins (2005), Toledo (2005), and Santos-Silva et al. (2017), P. rufescens evidently does not belong to Psyrassa, especially by the prothorax "obtuse spinosis" laterally, and "quinquegibbosus" dorsally. Unfortunately, the holotype may be lost forever (Martins, 2005). Psyrassa lisitskyi differs from P. subglabra by the color of the pronotum not notably contrasting to that of the elytra (contrasting in P. subglabra), antennomere IV with spicule at apex (with distinct spine in P. subglabra), and elytral apex without spine (with long outer spine in P. subglabra). The new species differs from P. testacea by the spine of antennomere III distinctly shorter than maximum width of the antennomere (distinctly longer in P. testacea), antennomere IV with spicule at apex (with distinct spine in P. testacea), antennomere V unarmed at apex (with spine in P. testacea), pronotum without long and erect setae (present in P. testacea), and procoxal cavities open posteriorly (closed in P. testacea). Psyrassa lisitskyi differs from P. unisucre by the spine of antennomere III distinctly shorter than maximum width of the antennomere (noticeably longer in P. unisucre), antennomere IV with spicule at apex (with long spine in P. unisucre), antennomeres V-VII unarmed at apex (with distinct spine in P. unisucre), procoxal cavities open posteriorly (closed in P. unisucre), and elytral apex not bispinose (bispinose in P. unisucre). Ophtalmibidion is a small genus of Neoibidionini (Neoibidionina), with four known species distributed only in South America (Monné, 2018a). Martins & Galileo (2007) revised the genus and provided a key to species.

Psyrassa lisitskyi can be included in the alternative
According to Martins (2007), Ophtalmibidion is characterized by the strong posterior constriction of the head, anterior to prothorax, eyes lobes divided, flagellomeres not widened in the antennae of males, and apices of metafemora disarmed.

Ophtalmibidion antonkozlovi Santos-Silva, Nascimento & Drumont, sp. nov. (Figs. 5-8)
Description: Female. Color. Head dark brown, almost black; prothorax black centrally, slightly dark brown toward anterior and posterior margins; scape and pedicel black; antennomeres dark brown, slightly, gradually lighter toward antennomere VI (missing antennomeres VII-XI of left antenna, and VI-XI of right antenna); ventral side of meso-and metathorax dark brown, slightly reddish on central apex of metaventrite; femora dark brown except reddish-brown basal area; tibiae and tarsi dark brown; abdominal ventrites dark brown except reddish-brown centro basal area of ventrite I. Anterior ⅔ of elytra dark brown (forming darker band around light areas) except two large yellowish-white maculae: one subelliptical, oblique, starting at about anterior eighth of dorsal surface, ending near lateral margin slightly after apex of anterior third; another oblique, placed about midlength, projected forward along suture, ending near lateral margin. Posterior third of elytra reddish brown except apex yellowish-brown and dark brown band between these two areas.
Head: Frontal plate very finely, obliquely striate, divided by moderately deep, oblique sulcus on each side of median groove; with longitudinal sulcus laterally between frontal plate and lower eye lobes; finely, moderately abundantly punctate centrally toward antennal tubercles; with short, erect, sparse brownish setae close to eyes, glabrous on remaining surface. Area between antennal tubercles shallowly, moderately finely punctate; glabrous. Area between upper eye lobes with U-shaped, slightly elevated carina; finely, moderately abundantly punctate close to eyes, smooth on remaining surface; surface glabrous. Remaining surface of vertex minutely, densely punctate except area close to prothorax finely, moderately sparsely punctate; area minutely punctate with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument centrally, more yellowish-white laterally; area close to prothorax nearly glabrous. Area behind upper eye lobes sulcate close to eye, minutely, densely punctate between sulcus and finely, moderately sparsely punctate area close to prothorax; with moderately dense yellowish-white pubescence close to eye, glabrous close to prothorax; with a few long, erect yellowish-setae close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid, finely, moderately abundantly punctate close to eye, nearly smooth on remaining surface; with sparse, erect, yellowish setae on tumid area, glabrous on remaining surface. Genae minutely, densely punctate except smooth distal area; with minute, sparse, decumbent yellowish setae except glabrous smooth area. Median groove distinct from oblique sulcus of frontal plate to area between upper eye lobes (carinate between antennal tubercles and eyes). Postclypeus nearly glabrous except a few short, erect, yellowish setae on sides of wide central area, interspersed with one long, erect setae of same color on each side. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on posterior third, inclined on anterior ⅔; with long, erect, nearly golden setae, especially laterally. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous on posterior third, tumid, moderately finely punctate on anterior ⅔; glabrous on smooth area, with long, erect and decumbent, moderately yellowish setae on tumid area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.26 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.62 times length of scape; upper eye lobes with three rows of ommatidia; connection between eye lobes with row of one ommatidium. Antennae almost reaching posterior third of elytra (apex of antennomere VI); scape with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with a few long, erect yellowish setae, except glabrous distal area; pedicel and antennomeres with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellowish setae ventrally, sparser toward antennomere VI; antennal formula (ratio) based on antennomere III: scape = 0.68; pedicel = 0.12; IV = 0.75; V = 0.85; VI = 0.81.
Thorax: Prothorax cylindrical, 1.5 times longer than wide; sides bigibbous centrally; anterior and posterior constrictions well-marked. Pronotum with five large gibbosities between anterior and posterior constrictions, one anterior and one posterior subcircular gibbosity on each side, another subelliptical centrally; somewhat rugose centrally, including part of central gibbosity; coarsely, very sparsely punctate; posterior sulcus well-marked; with grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, distinctly sparser close to anterior margin, denser, yellower centrally between lateral gibbosities of posterior area, between lateral gibbosities, and on area of anterior constriction; with long, erect, sparse yellow setae. Sides of prothorax with dense yellowish-white pubescence on posterior ⅔ (more whitish depending on light intensity), nearly glabrous on anterior third (this area widened toward ventral side); with a few long, erect, yellowish setae. Prosternum moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate on posterior half, finely, transversely, finely striate on anterior half; with moderately dense grayish-white pubescence on posterior half, interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae, glabrous on anterior half. Mesoventrite with very sparse grayish-white (more yellowish depending on light intensity) pubescence centrally, denser laterally; mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metanepisternum with grayish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument (more yellowish depending on light intensity). Mesoventral process centrally emarginate at apex, with apical sides projected under mesocoxal cavities. Metaventrite with grayish-white pubescence, denser close to metacoxae (more yellowish depending on light intensity). Scutellum with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra: Finely, sparsely punctate; with minute, very sparse yellowish-white setae interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae throughout, more abundant on distal half; apex obliquely truncate, with long spine at outer angle, and rounded sutural angle. Legs: Missing protarsi, right middle leg, and left metatarsomeres III-V. Femora and tibiae with grayish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect yellow setae, denser, bristly on ventral side of distal third of tibiae. vised by Galileo & Martins (1991), but new genera and species were described posteriorly.
Etymology: Surname of the late Dr. Dilma Solange Napp + "-ella", Latin, used to form a diminutive, indicating small size. Feminine gender.
Description: Frons transverse. Eyes coarsely faceted; lower eye lobes about 3.5 times genal length; distance between upper eye lobes shorter than maximum width of one upper eye lobe. Scape without apical cicatrix; slightly, gradually widened toward apex, shorter than antennomere III. Antennomeres filiform, cylindrical (III-VI cylindrical, slightly widened toward apex), without long and dense setae ventrally; antennomere III slightly longer than IV. Prothorax transverse, with small, acute tubercle laterally, placed at about midlength. Pronotum with three slightly conspicuous gibbosities. Prosternal process notably narrow centrally. Mesoventral process not tuberculate. Elytra convex, without carinae, not depressed along suture, parallel-sided, pubescent; humerus rounded; elytral length about 2.5 times humeral width; apex nearly rounded; with erect setae throughout. Femora slightly clavate, profemora less so; apex of metafemora reaching about middle of ventrite III. Mesotibiae not notched dorsally. Metatarsomere I slightly longer than II-III together.

Remarks:
The general appearance of Nappella gen. nov., resembles that of Colombicallia Galileo & Martins, 1992, Graminea Thomson, 1864, Callia Audinet-Serville, 1835, Callisema Martins & Galileo, 1990, Drycothaea Bates, 1881, Eumathes Thomson, 1868, and Hirticallia Galileo & Martins, 1990. Nappella differs from Callisema, Drycothaea, and Eumathes by the mesoventral process lacking a tubercle (tuberculate in these three genera). It differs from Graminea by the scape lacking an apical cicatrix (present in Graminea). The new genus can be separated from Callia especially by having the eyes coarsely faceted (finely faceted in Callia). It can be separated from Hirticallia, which also has eyes coarsely faceted, by the slender body, with elytral length about 2.5 times humeral width (body stouter, with elytral length about 2.0 times humeral width in Hirticallia), prothoracic lateral tubercle short and not spiniform (long and spiniform in Hirticallia), and elytra with short erect setae (distinctly long in Hirticallia). Finally, Nappella differs from Colombicallia by the slender body (wider in Colombicallia), distance between upper eye lobes smaller than half of the width of one upper lobe (from equal to larger in Colombicallia), prosternal process notably narrow (about ⅓ of procoxal cavity in Colombicallia), and mesoventral process narrower than half of width of mesocoxal cavity (wider than half of mesocoxal cavity in Colombicallia).

Etymology:
The new species is named to honor Anton Olegovich Kozlov, who sent the specimens for study, and donated the holotype for the MZSP collection.

Redescription of the holotype male (Figs. 17-19):
Integument mostly dark brown, almost black on pronotum, more reddish on elytra and antennae; mouthparts dark reddish brown; antennomeres IV-IX (nine segments present on right antenna and seven on left one as the holotype has broken antennae) with basal whitish-brown ring due to the presence of small dense white pubescence in this part of segment.
Head: Frons, antennal tubercles and upper side of head moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate, covered with dense small reddish-brown pubescence interrupted in some rounded areas from which emerge an erect setae. Area behind upper eye lobes with light-brown pubescence obscuring integument; with a few long, erect yellowish setae close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes finely punctate; with light-brown pubescence nearly obscuring integument; with long, erect, sparse lightbrown setae close to eye. Scape finely punctate with its maximum length at middle of its length, and then slightly curved internally to form at external apex rounded tooth; sides nearly parallel-sided toward apex and after first basal third. Antennomere III with dense light-brown pubescence basally, sparser, light-brown on remaining dorsal surface; with sparse light-brown setae around surface except on internal side where setae become longer and more numerous. Remaining antennomeres slenderer, with less setae when progressing to apex of antenna; basal part covered with rather dense whitish pubescence forming ring extending on ⅕ of length of segment. Antennomere IV little bit longer than II+III combined and shorter than V+VI, length of segment V equal to VI.
Thorax: Prothorax little bit longer than wide (including lateral tubercles); sides with small, distinct conical tubercle at middle with top directed to posterior part of body. Pronotum finely, densely punctate; with no well-defined elevation on dorsal surface occupying ⅔ of anterior central part of pronotum; this elevation is excavated in its basal central part Y-shaped, but with very large base; covered with long light-brown pubescence obscuring integument from which emerge some sparse erect yellowish setae; same pubescence present on area before this elevation, along median line of pronotum and along posterior margin of dorsal part of pronotum; remaining surface covered with sparse and short light-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Sides of prothorax very finely punctate; with two no well defined longitudinal lines of very light-brown pubescence covering integument; between those lines, on ventral side and on prosternal process, covered with sparse, short light-brown pubescence not obscuring integument; with some sparse erect yellowish setae. Elytra: Slightly, gradually narrowed from humerus at basal third, nearly parallel-sided at central third, slightly curved at posterior third; apex obliquely truncate; with surface punctate on first half of elytra, with sparse and deep punctures somewhat organized in rows, which are separate from each other by space larger than diameter of punctures, covered with very fine puncture; this string puncture tends to become smaller and sparser after ⅔ of length of elytra; surface also with some no well defined longitudinal yellowish-white pubescent bands on basal half, except along suture with yellowish, gradually whiter pubescence along suture; area between yellowish-brown pubescent bands on basal half with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument; posterior half with irregular white pubescence not obscuring integument, with some erect, long, sparse white and brown setae; apex of elytra with dense fringe of curved light-brown setae. Legs: Coxae with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect light-brown setae. Femora with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser on profemora, with short, decumbent white setae interspersed (more abundant on profemora); all femora with long, erect, moderately sparse uniformly golden-yel-  Bates, 1866, andE. grossepunctata Breuning, 1942, especially by the elytra 3.4 times longer than head + prothorax. In the holotype of E. juncea, the elytra are about 2.8 times as long as head + prothorax; about 2.7 times in the holotype of E. attenuata Bates, 1866; and about 2.65 times in the holotype of E. grossepunctata Breuning, 1942. Additionally, the lateral tubercles of the prothorax are well-marked and conical in E. mexicana, while they are slightly marked and rounded in E. juncea.
Variations (Figs. 13-15) and additional features not studied in the holotype: Body somewhat wider in the holotype. Antennomeres IV-X with basal yellowish-brown ring, gradually reddish brown toward dark brown distal area (short on IV, reaching about midlength on remaining antennomeres). Punctures on frons moderately sparse; frons with dense yellowish-brown pubescence interspersed with brownish pubescence, slightly sparser toward clypeus, yellower adjacent to eyes. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate; with brownish pubescence centrally, yellower laterally; remaining surface of vertex minutely, almost indistinct punctate; with yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous, longitudinal, narrow central area. Area behind upper eye lobes moderately finely, sparsely punctate close to eye, smooth on remaining surface; with yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument; area behind lower eye lobes coarsely, sparsely punctate. Genae very finely, transversely striate toward eye, smooth toward apex; with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, especially toward apex, interspersed with decumbent, sparse white setae. Postclypeus with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect, sparse setae of same color. Labrum co-planar with anteclypeus on posterior ⅔, inclined on anterior third; with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence, longer, denser, yellower laterally; anterior margin with dense fringe of golden setae. Gulamentum with short, erect, sparse yellowish-white setae anteriorly. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.33 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.73 times length of scape. Antennae 1.5 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere IX; scape with brownish pubescence nearly obscuring integument except yellowish pubescence near apex, with short, sparse white setae interspersed; with long, erect, sparse dark setae ventrally (some of them whitish toward apex); antennomere III with dense yellowish pubescence basally, sparser, yellowish-brown on remaining dorsal surface, yellowish, not obscuring integument on outer surface, yellowish-white on inner surface, yellowish-brown, not obscuring integument ventrally; with short, sparse white setae interspersed; with long, erect, moderately sparse setae ventrally (setae dark basally, whitish toward apex). Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.88; pedicel = 0.26; IV = 1.76; V = 1.32; VI = 1.23; VII = 1.07; VIII = 1.00; IX = 0.91; X = 0.82; XI = 0.65. Prothorax about as long as wide (including lateral tubercles). Sides of prothorax coarsely punctate. Prosternum with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect, white setae; prosternal process yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect, moderately abundant yellowish-white setae. Mesoventrite with yellowish pubescence centrally, yellowish-brown laterally; with short, sparse, decumbent white setae laterally, and long setae of same color on central area. Mesoventral process widely, longitudinally sulcate centrally; apex emarginate; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect white setae interspersed. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metanepisternum with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument, with short, decumbent white setae interspersed. Metaventrite moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate laterally; with large, sub-triangular yellow pubescent macula on each side of posterior third, nearly obscuring integument; laterally with pubescence and setae as on metanepisternum, slightly longer, yellowish-white on remaining surface, with long, erect white setae interspersed. Scutellum with dense yellow pubescence except nearly glabrous central area. Elytra with ill-delimited, longitudinal yellowish-white pubescent bands on basal half.