Description of the puparium and adult genitalia of Dactylodeictes brevifacies James, 1974 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

. The puparium of Dactylodeictes brevifacies was described based on fifty-eight specimens reared in laboratory until the emergence of adults. Larvae were collected under the bark of fallen trees in a Cerrado vegetation, Gallery forest; Palm swamp (Vereda) and open grassland (Campo Limpo) in States of Goiás and Tocantins, Brazil (New Record). The puparium was compared with that of Brachyodina lopesi, the most closely related species with a described puparium. Despite this species clearly shared the larval pachygastrinae features it has a remarkable character not know before for this subfamily: the presence of four pairs of ventral setae (V) in the eighth abdominal segment in ventral view, while in other larvae and puparia of this subfamily, there are five pairs of ventral setae. The adult male and female were described and figured.


INTRODUCTION
The family Stratiomyidae has 12 subfamilies and more than 2.800 species described in the world, distributed in 378 genera (Woodley, 2001(Woodley, , 2011. Woodley (2001) and Pujol-Luz & Pujol-Luz (2014) asserted that the Neotropical Region has the highest Stratiomyidae diversity, both in relation to the number of genera and the number of species. In this region, 167 genera and approximately 1.000 species were recorded (Woodley, 2001(Woodley, , 2011Fachin et al., 2016).
Pachygastrinae is one of the largest subfamilies of Stratiomyidae with approximately 600 species in the world (Woodley, 2001(Woodley, , 2011. However, less than 50 species had their larvae or puparia known (Bučánková et al., 2009) and, in the Neotropics, this number decreases to 18 species (Table 1). According to Bučánková et al. (2009) the known larvae of pachygastrines can be recognized by the following combination characters: (1) anal segment rounded posteriorly as in other terrestrial larvae, (2) posterior spiracular opening usually placed dorsally (with a few exceptions), without any pinnate float hairs, (3) subapical sensilla on antenna usually absent (but distinct in Pegadomyia), (4) setae CF2 and V2 on head inserted far before eye prominence, (5) lateral seta on head placed close to anterior margin of eye, (6) marginal setae of body segments considerably elongate in many species (though not in all), (7) elongate or rounded sternal patch confined to abdominal segment 6, (8) five ventral setae on anal segment, (9) arboreal mode of life (under the bark of trees) distinctly predominating in the known larvae.
The genus Dactylodeictes Kertész, 1914 has three species: D. amazonicus Kertész, 1914 (Brazil); D. brevifacies James, 1974 (Panama and Peru) and D. medius James, 1974 (Ecuador and Peru) (Woodley, 2001(Woodley, , 2014. None of these species had their larvae/puparium described yet. Here we described the puparium of D. brevifacies based on fifty-eight specimens (34 males and 24 females) that emerged in laboratory conditions. The adults that emerged from these puparia fit perfectly the ones described by James (1974). In addition to the description of the puparium, we registered for the first time the occurrence of this species in Brazil, updating the distribution map and describing male and female terminalia. The keys of Woodley (2009), James (1974, James et al. (1980) and the original description of D. brevifacies James (1974) were used for identification of adults. Male and female terminalia were treated with lactic acid in water-bath for 30 minutes, dissected and temporarily mounted in concave slides with glycerin. The terminalia were preserved in a microvial with glycerin. Photos were taken with Leica DFC295 © camera coupled to a Leica M205C © stereomicroscope and Leica DM2000 © microscope and measurements (mm) were taken using the LAS-V3-8 © software.

Larvae of
The preparation of the puparia for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was as it follows: After cleaning the puparia, they were preserved in 70% ethanol, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol solution and dried by the critical point technique with CO2. Dried specimens were mounted on stubs, coated with palladium gold and observed under JEOL JSM 7001 F © scanning electron microscope.
Head: Triangular and not dorsoventrally flattened; length slightly larger than the width (Figs. 4-5). In the anterior part of the head, presence of a small antenna with four sensilla, the third much longer than others ( Fig. 6; maxillary palpus (mp) with three sensory papillae rounded at apex (Fig. 7). Chaetotaxy: one pair of lateral setae (L) inserted posteriorly to the antenna (a) and ventrally to the eyes (e); two pairs of clypeofrontal setae (Cf ) (antenna inserted between the 1 st and 2 nd pair), dorsolateral setae (Dl) at the height of the final portion of the eye (e) (Fig. 4); three pairs of ventrolateral setae (Vl) and three pairs of ventral setae (V) (Fig. 5).
Thorax: First segment narrower (horizontally) than the other segments and taller (vertically) than the next segment; anterior spiracle (as) prominent with a pair of dorsolateral setae (Dl) and a pair of ventrolateral setae (Vl) above; first segment in dorsal view with two rows of bristles: two pairs of anterodorsal setae (Ad) and three pairs of dorsal setae (D). In ventral view, two pairs of ventral setae (V), the outermost pair being bifurcated ; 2 nd and 3 rd segments with a row with three pairs of dorsal setae (D); two pairs of ventral setae (V), the outermost pair being bifurcated in the 2 nd and 3 rd segments; a pair of lateral setae (L) and a pair of ventrolateral setae (Vl).
Female adult terminalia: Tergite 9 rounded, wider distally than basally. Genital fork with posterior arm subigual than anterior arm (Fig. 17a-17b); anterior arm arched with an extremely long and thin process; posterior bridge (pb) with a medial orifice, posterolateral process (pp) broader posteriorly. Cercus with only one segment.

TAXONOMIC NOTES
The larvae and puparia of D. brevifacies can be identified by the following combination of characters: (1) the first thoracic segment with two rows of setae; (2) two pairs of anterodorsal setae and three pairs of dorsal setae, the third pair of dorsal setae (D3) is longer than the other two pairs of dorsal setae; (3) the sternal patch with elliptical shape in the sixth abdominal segment; (4) the base of the first pair of ventral setae (V1) of the sixth abdominal segment, are more distant than in other segments and (5) the eighth abdominal segment has four pairs of ventral setae. The four pairs of ventral setae (V) in the segment eight of larvae and puparia of D. brevifacies was neither observed nor keyed in Rozkošný (1982) nor Pujol-Luz & Pujol-Luz (2014). These authors keyed the Pachygastrinae as having five pairs of setae. The discovery of the immature forms of D. brevifacies modifies the Pachygastrinae couplets in the identification keys, update to the presence of 4-5 ventral setae in the eighth segment.