Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records

Taxonomic notes are provided in some Acanthoderini genera. Three new species are described: Scythropopsis intricata Santos‐Silva, Botero and Wappes from Mexico, Aegomorphus robustus Santos‐Silva, Botero and Wappes and Eupromerella boliviana Santos‐Silva, Botero and Wappes from Bolivia. The following synonymies are proposed: Psapharochrus Thomson, 1864 as synonym of Aegomorphus Haldeman, 1847; Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) albomaculatus Fuchs, 1963 and Acanthoderes griseomaculata Zajciw, 1971 as synonyms of Symperasmus alboniger (Bates, 1861); Pteridotelus contaminatus Thomson, 1865 as synonym of Scythropopsis melanostictica (White, 1855); Psapharochrus jameswappesi Tavakilian, 2018 as synonym of Aegomorphus wappesi (Galileo, Martins & Santos‐Silva, 2015); and Psapharochrus histrio Casey, 1913 and Psapharochrus guatemalensis Casey, 1913 as synonyms of Aegomorphus circumflexus (Jacquelin du Val, 1857). Acanthoderus circumflexus Jacquelin DuVal, 1857 is proposed as nomen protectum and Acanthocinus rusticus Klug, 1829 as nomen oblitum. Aegomorphus contaminatus (Thomson, 1965) is revalidated. Scythropopsis Thomson, 1864 and Symperasmus Thomson, 1864 are herein elevated to genus rank. The geographical distribution of ten species is expanded and a key to differentiate Acanthoderes, Aegomorphus, Scythropopsis, and Symperasmus is provided. Key-Words. Eupromerella; Miriochrus; Plagiosaurus; Sychnomerus; Taxonomy.


INTRODUCTION
The tribe Acanthoderini has a cosmopolitan distribution and is comprised of 66 genera and more than 560 species making it one of the largest tribes in the Lamiinae (Tavakilian & Chevillotte, 2019). Most Acanthoderini genera and species are geographically restricted to the Neotropical Region. In this region there is a group of closely related genera whose taxonomy is confusing, which has resulted in species allocated to them that do not fit the current definition of the genera further complicating an already confusing situation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Photographs were taken in the MZSP with a Canon EOS Rebel T3i DSLR camera, Canon MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 1-5X macro lens, controlled by Zerene Stacker AutoMontage software. Measurements were taken in "mm" using a measuring ocular Hensoldt/Wetzlar -Mess 10 in the Leica MZ6 stereomicroscope, also used in the study of the specimens.
The definitions of the above acanthoderine genera have seen numerous changes since their original descriptions. These changes have resulted in modifications in their status (some more than once) making for a complicated history. In the most part their original descriptions have not allowed taxonomists to clearly understand their limits, and as a result new species have been assigned to them that changed their limits. Thus, making the study of this group of genera even more complicated and difficult. Santos- Silva & Nascimento (2018) commented about the differences between Acanthoderes and Psapharochrus, and reported: "Apart from those controversial classifications, it was Lacordaire (1872) who provided the best feature to separate Psapharochrus (including Symperasmus as a synonym) from Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) and A. (Scythropopsis). The former was included among the genera with eyes coarsely or sub-coarsely granulated, while the two latter genera were included among those with eyes finely granulated. " Lacordaire (1872) also included Aegomorphus in the group of genera with eyes coarsely granulated, and separated it from Psapharochrus in the key by the genal length (translated): "Genae very short, sometimes nearly absent", leading to Aegomorphus; and "Genae, at least, with medium size", leading to Psapharochrus. However, the genae in the type species of Aegomorphus, Aegomorphus decipiens Haldeman, 1847 (Figs. 4-6) (= Lamia modesta Gyllenhal, 1817 (Figs. 41) = Aegomorphus modestus), is distinctly long, as in the type species of Psapharochrus, Acanthoderes cylindricus Bates, 1861 (Figs. 7-9). Actually, the genal length is longer in the type species of the former than in the latter, and Aegoschema sensu Lacordaire (1872) is equal to Aegoschema . This becomes clear when seeing the species originally includ-ed in Aegomorphus by Lacordaire (1872): A. adspersus Thomson, 1861;A. moniliferus White, 1855;and A. obesus Bates, 1861. But it is curious to note that Aegomorphus decipiens Haldeman, 1847, type species of the genus, was included in Psapharochrus by Lacordaire (1872). The problem here was that Lacordaire (1872) wrongly attributed the authorship of the Aegomorphus to Thomson (1861), considering Aegomorphus Haldeman as a synonym of Psapharochrus. Evidently, thus occurred because Haldeman (1847) attributed the authorship of Aegomorphus to  followed by a correction of this by : "Aegoschema n. nom. / Aegomorphus Thoms. (nec Hald. 1847). " Santos- Silva & Nascimento (2018) summarized their conclusions as follows: "1. Symperasmus -probably a synonym of Psapharochrus, but, at least, it must be considered a subgenus of Psapharochrus. 2. Pardalisia -probably a synonym of Acanthoderes; 3. Scythropopsis -probably a genus distinct from Acanthoderes; 4. Eyes very finely granulated -Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes); A. (Pardalisia); A. (Scythropopsis). 5. Eyes coarsely or moderately coarsely granulated - Psapharochrus; A. (Symperasmus)." However, at that time they did not formally propose any change in the status of those genera.
A study of the type species of Aegoschema and Psapharochrus has revealed that they share the same features and lack significant differences hence we conclude that they are not different genera. Accordingly, we formally synonymise Psapharochrus with Aegomorphus. Although, it is important to note that several species currently placed in Psapharochrus which have the lateral tubercles of the prothorax with the apex blunt (not acute as in the type species) and the elytra gradually narrowed from humerus to apex (not parallel-sided as in the type species), indicates that they are likely not true Psapharochrus and thus, not Aegomorphus either.
Following the conclusions of Santos- Silva & Nascimento (2018), we also consider both Scythropopsis and Symperasmus to be genera distinct from Acanthoderes. However, Pardalisia Casey, 1913 will provisionally be kept as a subgenus of Acanthoderes.
The following key incorporates the primary characters needed to separate the genera involved in this study:

1.
Eyes very finely granulated (10)(11)(12) (7)(8)(9)(13)(14)(15) . 3 2(1). Elytra distinctly carinate dorsally (Fig. 10)  Bates (1861) described Acanthoderes alboniger (see photograph of the holotype at Bezark, 2019) based on a single female from Brazil (Pará). The holotype, as well as a series of specimens from Brazil (Amazonas), has the elytral apex covered with light yellowish-brown pubescence (but not obscuring punctures). Later, Fuchs (1963) described Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) albomaculatus (see photograph of the holotype at Bezark, 2019) based on a single female from Bolivia and reported (translated): "A very excellent species, with a certain similarity to A. laetifica Bat. According to the description, the new species is related to A. albonigra Bat., unknown to me, from which it differs by the blunt lateral tubercles of the prothorax and by drawing of the elytra. " However, although the elytral pubescent pattern is somewhat different in the holotypes of A. albonigra and A. albomaculata (Acanthoderes is feminine gender, and both names were originally wrongly utilized), the lateral tubercles of the prothorax are identical in both specimens. Bates (1861) incorrectly recorded them as acute, suggesting an apex much narrower than they really are in the species. Finally, Zajciw (1971) described Acanthoderes griseomaculata (see photograph of the holotype at Bezark, 2019) based on a single male from Peru but did not provide any comparison with other species.
Symperasmus alboniger has a noticeable variation of the elytral pubescent pattern color, as it can be yellow, partially yellow and partially pale-yellow, pale-yellow, partially pale-yellow and partially white, or white. Also, the centrodorsal pubescent macula of the elytra may be entire or fragmented, and the anterolateral pubescent spots may be small or large, fused or not with the centrodorsal macula. Furthermore, the apical elytral pubescence is also noticeably variable . The specimens examined from Brazil have the elytral pubescence of the apex as in the holotypes of A. albonigra and A. albomaculata, while the specimens from Bolivia also have this area as in those holotypes as well as in the holotype of A. griseomaculata but with an intermediate pattern. Accordingly Audinet-Serville (1835) included some species in his new genus Acanthoderes which indicated it was masculine gender (Acanthoderes varius (Fabricius, 1787), and Acanthoderes griseus (Fabricius, 1792)). However, it is actually feminine gender, as previously correctly indicated by Gemminger (1873) and . Gemminger (1873) corrected the gender in only part of the species neglecting to do so for Acanthoderes melanosticticus.
Lacordaire (1872) transferred A. melanosticticus to Psapharochrus Thomson, 1864 considered Psapharochrus a subgenus of Acanthoderes, A. melanosticticus was mentioned in this subgenus until recently by nearly all authors, even after Psapharochrus had been considered a distinct genus. In Acanthoderes melanostictica the size of the ommatidia is very small  and the elytra have distinct carina (Santos-Silva & Nascimento, 2018), hence it belongs to Scythropopsis Thomson, 1864. It also has the protibiae distinctly widened toward apex (Fig. 39), as in the type species of the genus. Thomson (1865) described two species, in different genera, with the same name: Psapharochrus contaminatus (Fig. 40), and Pteridotelus contaminatus (Fig. 36). Monné & Giesbert (1992) Santos-Silva, A. et al.: Taxonomical and geographical notes on Neotropical Acanthocinini Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020; v.60: e20206006 6/40 Thomson (1865) described Pteridotelus lacrymans without explaining its inclusion in the genus. Since the main feature of Pteridotelus (last antennal segments distinctly widened), is not present in this species it is incorrect to maintain it in the genus. The species Pteridotelus lacrymans appears in , and  as an Acanthoderes, without explanation in either reference. Factually, Pteridotelus lacrymans cannot be placed in Acanthoderes (Pardalisia), because the antennae are distinctly longer, with distinct ventral pubescence, clearly forming tufts in antennomeres III and IV (distinctly shorter and glabrous in A. (P.) funeraria Bates, 1861, elytra carinate toward distal area (not so in A. (P.) funeraria). Due to the antennal setae Pteridotelus lacrymans also has affinities with Tetrasarus Bates, 1880. However, Tetrasarus is another problematic genus with species assigned to but not belonging to it. The presence of a dense tuft of long setae on the apex of antennomeres III and IV is a definitive character of Tetrasarus and is lacking in P. lacrymans. Although Pteridotelus lacrymans differs somewhat in general appearance to other Scythropopsis species it is provisionally placed in the genus because of the common characters previously commented on. Head: Frons, vertex, and area behind eyes with dense, white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence mixed; with sparse, long, erect dark setae close to eyes. Genae with dense pubescence as on dorsal surface of head close to eye, narrow area close to frons glabrous, distinctly sparser on wide remaining surface, with a few long, erect dark setae interspersed. Postclypeus with dense, long white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, with sparse, long, erect dark setae interspersed, central area and sides glabrous. Posterior ⅔ of labrum coplanar with anteclypeus, inclined at anterior third; with dense white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed on sides of posterior ⅔ (whiter and shorter toward central area), distinctly sparser centrally, sparse on inclined area, especially centrally, and with fringe of yellowish-brown setae at anterior margin; with transverse, sparse row of long, erect, dark setae centrally. Gulamentum slightly convex, posterior ⅔ glabrous, depressed, finely punctate, anterior third with short yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.62 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.94 times length of scape. Antennae 1.2 times elytral length, reaching posterior seventh of elytra. Scape clavate, flattened dorsally at basal third; with brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with short, moderately abundant white pubescence interspersed on posterior ⅔, except narrow posterior area with dense white pubescence; with a few long, erect dark setae on posterior region of ventral surface. Antennomeres with basal white pubescent ring, gradually narrower toward posterior segments (pubescence sparser on III), and remaining surface with brown pubescence not obscuring integument; pedicel and antennomeres III-VI with sparse,  Thorax: Lateral tubercle of prothorax large, conical, slightly curved upward, with apex blunt. Pronotum with large, wide tubercle on each side, gradually elevated from posterior quarter toward anterior quarter, with more elevated area slightly bifid at top; with narrow, carina-shaped tubercle centrally, from posterior sulcus to anterior margin, gradually widened toward posterior sulcus; posterior sulcus well-marked; coarsely, sparsely punctate between tubercles, forming transverse row in posterior sulcus, and a few coarse punctures on dorsal surface of lateral tubercles of prothorax; with dense, white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, with a few long, erect dark setae interspersed on sides of posterior area, greenish-brown pubescent band adjacent to outer side of lateral tubercles of pronotum, widened anteriorly and posteriorly, anterior ¾ of central tubercle glabrous, anterior apex of lateral tubercles of pronotum nearly glabrous; posterior fourth with white pubescent band centrally. Sides of prothorax coarsely, sparsely punctate; with dense, white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed. Prosternum with white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, denser on some areas. Prosternal process 0.75 times width of procoxal cavity, coarsely rugose-punctate, longitudinally sulcate centrally, with apex strongly emarginate; pubescence with same color as on prosternum, distinctly sparser toward apex. Ventral surface of mesothorax with dense, white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed laterally, yellowish-brown centrally. Mesoventral process 1.5 times width of mesocoxal cavity, with one distinct tubercle each side of anterior area; with white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, not obscuring integument. Ventral surface of metathorax with dense, white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, sparser centrally. Scutellum with dense yellowish-brown pubescence on anterocentral area, with white pubescence interspersed, narrow white pubescent band on central area of posterior third, and brown pubescence on remaining surface. Elytra: Humeri somewhat projected forward; with elevated centrobasal crest covered with small tubercles between humeri and scutellum, and distinct carina from apex of centrobasal crest to near apex; posterior margin concave, with outer angle distinctly triangularly projected; pubescence dense, mostly white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, with dense, slightly oblique, wide white pubescent band laterally on anterior third, small greenish-brown spots surrounding punctures, and irregular areas with greenish-brown pubescence; with sparse, moderately long, erect dark setae throughout. Legs: Femora with dense, white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed. Tibiae with moderately dense, white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed on dorsal and lateral sides of basal area, and wide central area (this later area somewhat projected toward apex along outer surface), with white pubescence on ventral surface of basal area and dorsal surface of apex, and brownish pubescence on remaining surface, not obscuring integument; with long, erect, sparse dark setae. Tarsomeres I and V with mostly white pubescence dorsally, and remaining segments with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument.
Abdomen: Ventrites with white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, sparser on wide central area of V; apex of ventrite V nearly truncate.

Remarks:
The outer angle of the elytral apex in the female examined is more triangularly projected than in the two males examined. However, based on the study of other species of the genus, as well as similar genera, this feature is considered a variation. The elytral pubescence, in S. nigritarsis varies widely as it does in other species of the genus.
The finely granulate eyes and distinct elytral carina observed in photographs of the holotype and the other material examined ensure us that the species belongs to Scythropopsis. (Thomson, 1865), comb. nov. (Fig. 55) Veracruz as a collection locality.  reiterated the  information.

Scythropopsis sallei
Although the outer angle of the elytral apex is distinctly projected on the holotype of Psapharochrus sallei, and not so in the holotypes of Acanthoderes nigritarsis and Acanthoderes sylvanus, it is still possible that they belong to the same species. For example, the female of Scythropopsis nigritarsis examined by us has the elytral apex intermediate between the three holotypes. This kind of variation is not unusual in Acanthoderini as, for example, in Aegomorphus jaspideus (Germar, 1823) where the outer angle of the elytra is usually distinctly projected but, can also be slightly or even not at all projected.
The finely granulate eyes and distinct elytral carina, as shown in the photograph of the holotype, support the species transference to Scythropopsis. Head: Frons, area between antennal tubercles and beginning of upper eye lobes finely, sparsely punctate; with moderately dense brownish pubescence (more reddish-brown close to eyes and postclypeus), with white pubescence interspersed. Remaining surface of vertex smooth, with dark brown pubescence centrally, partially obscuring integument, and longitudinal yellowish-white pubescent band laterally. Area behind upper eye lobes with sparse fringe of yellowish-white pubescence close to eye, glabrous on narrow sulcate area close to eye, with yellowish-brown pubescence close to sulcate area, nearly glabrous toward prothorax. Area behind lower eye lobes glabrous on sulcus adjacent to eye, with narrow (widened near inferior curvature of eye) yellowish-brown pubescent band close to sulcus (pubescence sparser than behind lower eye lobe), remaining surface glabrous. Genae almost twice length of lower eye lobe; with fringe of yellowish-brown pubescence close to eye, and sparse yellowish-brown pubescence, with white pubescence interspersed on remaining surface, narrow distal area glabrous. Postclypeus coarsely, sparsely punctate on wide central area, smooth laterally; with short, bristly reddish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument on wide central area more so on center of this area, laterally glabrous; with long, sparse, erect dark setae on wide central area. Posterior ⅔ of labrum coplanar with anteclypeus, inclined at anterior third; with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, on posterior ⅔, anterior third nearly glabrous, anterior margin with fringe of brown setae (apex of nearly all setae yellowish); with transverse row of long, erect, dark setae near curvature between coplanar and inclined area. Gulamentum glabrous, wide posterior area smooth, except transverse striae on center of anterior region of this area; anterior area depressed, transversely striate, with sparse reddish-brown pubescence close to anterior margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.55 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Antennae 1.65 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near apex of antennomere VIII. Scape clavate, distinctly sulcate dorsally at anterior third; dorsally with reddish-brown pubescence except wide transverse white pubescent band centrally, and narrow white pubescent band at apex; remaining surface with white pubescence not obscuring integument. Pedicel with transverse white pubescent band dorsally near base, brown on remaining dorsal surface except yellowish-white on outer side close to apex; ventral and lateral surfaces with white pubescence. Antennomeres III and IV with two white pubescent rings, one basally, another after middle, ventrally fused by longitudinal band; remaining surface with brown pubescence. Antennomeres V-XI with white pubescence on basal half, brown on distal half; distal third of antennomere IX and basal ⅔ of antennomere X with long, erect dark setae. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.73; pedicel = 0.29; IV = 0.76; V = 0.45; VI = 0.39; VII = 0.35; VIII = 0.31; IX = 0.27; X = 0.21; XI = 0.24.
Thorax: Lateral tubercle of prothorax large, conical. Pronotum with large, nearly conical tubercle each side, with wide, rounded apex; with narrow, carina-shaped tubercle centrally, from posterior sulcus to anterior margin, slightly widened posteriorly; posterior sulcus distinct laterally, nearly indistinct toward center; coarsely, sparsely punctate between tubercles, slightly coarser and more abundant between anterior margin and base of lateral tubercles, and along posterior sulcus, shallower, sparser on lateral tubercles of prothorax; with white, yellowish-brown, and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, partially obscuring integument in some areas. Sides of prothorax coarsely, sparsely punctate (punctures distinctly coarser close to posterior margin); pubescence as on pronotum. Prosternum with pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process with widest central area about as wide as procoxal cavity; lateral margins sinuous and elevated; central area longitudinally slightly elevated; with sparse pale-yellow pubescence.  Ventral surface of meso-and metathorax with pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser on center of meso-and metaventrite. Mesoventral process with apex slightly wider than mesocoxal cavity; with one moderately large tubercle each side of anterior area; lateral margins slightly narrowed centrally, distinctly widened at apex. Scutellum with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra: Humeri rounded, somewhat projected forward; with elevated centrobasal crest between humeri and scutellum, nearly conically elevated anteriorly, covered with small tubercles, and distinct carina from apex of centrobasal crest to near apex; with another carina between the crest and humeri; elytral carina fused at their apex; coarsely, sparsely punctate, punctures sparser, shallower toward apex, with basal punctures anteriorly bordered by small tubercle; apex truncate, slightly concave centrally; pubescence mostly yellowish-white, less so between centrobasal crests, except wide, irregular, slightly oblique dark-brown pubescent band about middle (with irregular yellowish-white macula on inclined area), and dark-brown spots surrounding punctures; U-shaped white pubescent band on basal third partially lost in the specimen examined. Legs: Femora with yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas, with brown pubescent areas interspersed on club. Tibiae with three rings of yellowish-white pubescence, one basally, one centrally, another at apex; remaining surface with brown pubescence. Protarsi with dark-brown pubescence dorsally, with a few whitish setae interspersed on tarsomere I. Tarsomere I of meso-and metatarsi with dense white pubescence on posterior ⅔ of dorsal surface, dark-brown pubescence basally; tarsomeres II-IV with dark-brown pubescence; tarsomere V with white pubescence not obscuring integument.
Abdomen: Ventrites with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser centrally, with distal area of ventrites I-IV glabrous; distal margin of ventrite V concave. According to Tavakilian (2018): "The photography of the type available on Bezark's Catalog (2018)… shows clearly that the species described as Acanthoderes wappesi Chemsak & Hovore, 2002… belongs to the genus Psapharochrus Thomson, 1863 and not to the genus Acanthoderes Audinet-Serville, 1835. This necessary new combination induces a new homonym and the latest species described in honour of James Wappes must be renamed. " However,  reported the eyes as being "finely faceted", which was confirmed in the specimen examined by us. As the species also has distinctly elytral carina, it belongs to Scythropopsis and thus negates the need for a replacement name. As in the photograph of the holotype, as well as the female from the MZSP collection, the eyes are finely granulated and the elytra are distinctly carinate, the species is appropriately transferred to Scythropopsis.  Thorax: Lateral tubercle of prothorax large, conical, slightly curved upward, with blunt apex. Pronotum with large, elevated tubercle on each side, with top truncate and somewhat bifid; with large tubercle centrally, from posterior sulcus to near anterior margin, triangular-shaped posteriorly, carina-shaped anteriorly; slightly well-marked centrally, more distinct laterally; with coarse, sparse punctures, forming transverse row in posterior sulcus; with white and orange pubescence intermixed, denser laterally, with white pubescence prevailing in some areas, orange in others, apex of lateral pronotal tubercles, and parts of central tubercle; with a few long, erect dark setae posteriorly. Sides of prothorax with dense white pubescence, with orange pubescence interspersed on some areas. Prosternum with white pubescence, denser laterally, with orange pubescence interspersed on area under procoxal cavities. Prosternal process about as wide as procoxal cavity, coarsely rugose-punctate, longitudinally sulcate centrally, with apex strongly emarginate; with abundant white pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventral surface of mesothorax with abundant yellowish-white pubescence centrally, not obscuring integument, dense, white pubescence, obscuring integument laterally, except large area of mesanepisternum with orange pubescence interspersed. Mesoventral process slightly wider than mesocoxal cavity, with distinctly, elevated tubercle each side of anterior area; with white pubescence nearly obscuring integument, top of lateral tubercles glabrous. Ventral surface of metathorax with dense yellowish-white pubescence, with orange pubescence interspersed in some areas of sides. Scutellum with white pubescence centrally, orange on sides, margins with white and orange pubescence intermixed. Elytra: Humeri projected slightly forward; with elevated centrobasal crest between humeri and scutellum, covered with small tubercles, and distinct carina from apex of centrobasal crest to near apex; with another slightly distinct basal crest, also between humeri and scutellum but placed more laterally that the former crest, covered with small tubercles (sparser than in the other crest), followed by another carina, fused with the innermost near apex; humeral area with small, sparse tubercles; apex truncated with outer angle triangularly projected; with sparse, erect dark setae throughout; pubescence dense, mostly white with orange pubescent maculae and bands interspersed, except seven, notice- able dark-brown pubescent areas: one small, oblique, placed centrally on anterior third; one before middle laterally; one arched before middle close to suture; one zig-zag, large, placed about middle, not reaching suture; one inverted V-shaped dorsally on posterior fifth; another oblique, placed laterally on posterior fifth; sparse small maculae along posterior half of suture and posterior margin. Legs: Femora with dense white pubescence on peduncle and base of club, with white and orange pubescence intermixed on remaining surface. Tibiae with three yellowish-white pubescent rings, one basally, one centrally, another narrower, less conspicuous on apex; remaining surface with dark-brown pubescence; entire surface with short, sparse orange setae interspersed. Tarsomeres I and V mostly with white pubescence dorsally, and remaining segments with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument.

Dimensions (mm):
Abdomen: Ventrites I-IV with yellowish-white pubescence laterally, gradually whiter, sparser toward central area; ventrite V mostly with white pubescence, distinctly sparser on some large areas, with sparse, long, erect dark setae interspersed posteriorly; apex of ventrite V truncate.

Dimensions (mm):
Total length, 12.9; prothoracic length, 2.7; anterior prothoracic width, 4.1; posterior prothoracic width, 3.9; maximum prothoracic width, 5.3; humeral width, 6.1; elytral length, 9.0. Remarks: Scythropopsis intricata has a feature of Tetrasarus: tuft of setae on ventral surface of the antennomeres III and IV. However, the tuft of setae is much denser, and the antennomere IV is distinctly longer in species of Tetrasarus. Notwithstanding, it could be compared with Tetrasarus inops Bates, 1880 (see photograph of the lectotype at Bezark, 2019), by the similar elytral pubescence pattern, from which it differs, besides the two features pointed out before, by the proportions between elytra and head + prothorax (elytra distinctly shorter in S. intricata). In Scythropopsis, S. intricata is most similar to S. sallei, but differs by the tuft of setae on ventral surface of the antennomeres III and IV, which is absent in females of S. sallei.

Scythropopsis lugens
Bates (1880) transferred Psapharochrus lugens to Acanthoderes but did not provide any explanation. Chemsak & Noguera (1995) transferred Acanthoderes lugens to Aegomorphus also without explanation. However,  listed the species as Acanthoderes lugens. Probably this latter work was already in press when the transference to Aegomorphus was done. Nevertheless, examination of photograph of the holotype shows that the eyes are finely granulated, and the elytra have distinct carina. Accordingly, the species is transferred to Scythropopsis. , without any explanation, listed the species as Psapharochrus lugens.
Even based on examination of the photograph of the holotype (Fig. 37) we were not able to place this species as a synonym (senior or junior) of another species currently included in Psapharochrus, Acanthoderes (including the subgenera), or other genera with species similar in general appearance to it. Thus, the species is considered valid and remains known only from the type locality indicated in the original description (Brazil). The original description and photograph of the holotype is not diagnostic enough to know whether the species really belongs to Aegomorphus. However, we doubt that the species is from Brazil and, most likely belongs in Scythropopsis. For now, until more information or specimens become available, it is transferred to Aegomorphus simply because of its original placement in Psapharochrus. Examination of photograph of the holotype, as well as the specimens examined, indicates that the eyes are coarsely granulated. Accordingly, the species is transferred to Aegomorphus. Aegomorphus albosignus was described from males and females from Mexico (Jalisco). According to Chemsak & Noguera (1995) "this species is readily recognizable by the pale pubescent face and the white oblique and longitudinal fasciae of the elytra" However, as in many other species of Aegomorphus, Acanthoderes, and Scythropopsis the elytral pubescent pattern, as well as the color of the pubescence of the frons are extremely variable. This is clearly shown in the type series (see photographs at Bezark, 2019) where the longitudinal white pubescent band on the elytra varies from being well defined, slightly distinct or even absent or nearly so (Fig. 92-98). Thus, it can be difficult to recognize the species, which is only possible by examining other details provided in the original description.  Knull, 1958: 282;Chemsak, 1977: 178 (type). Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) quadrigibba lucidus; : 613 (cat.).

Known geographical distribution
Although originally described in Acanthocinus by Say, 1831 and moved to Acanthoderes by Haldeman (1847) it was Lacordaire (1872) who finally transferred Acanthoderes quadrigibbus to Psapharochrus, affirming that this latter genus included most of the species allocated in Acanthoderes at that time. Curiously, the species continued to be quoted as being in Acanthoderes, and it was Casey (1913) who finally correctly listed it again in Psapharochrus. Even so, the species continued to be mentioned as belonging to Acanthoderes, until  moved Psapharochrus to the status of a subgenus of Acanthoderes and included A. quadrigibba in it. From  to Rice & Enns (1981) the species was mentioned in Psapharochrus (as a distinct genus) or in Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus). More recently, Linsley & Chemsak (1985) transferred the species to Aegomorphus, but only because of their doubts: "Since the species of Acanthoderes sensu latu are extremely numerous the question of generic or subgeneric assignments is difficult and beyond the scope of this work… We are assigning our five species of 'Acanthoderes' to Aegomorphus Haldeman until the problem can be resolved for the entire group. " Finally,  transferred Aegomorphus quadrigibbus to Acanthoderes. The thinking behind what these authors were trying to do is somewhat mysterious, since they reported: "We have used the name Acanthoderes herein for placement of taxa which possess most of the characters of Acanthoderes varia and Aegomorphus decipiens, and which fit within the existing parameters of the genus sensu latu, without assignment to subgenera. " We do not know for sure what "Acanthoderes varia" is, but it is likely Cerambyx varius Fabricius, 1787 (currently equal to Cerambyx clavipes Schrank, 1781, and placed in Aegomorphus). As Aegomorphus decipiens is the type species of Aegomorphus, this affirmation may have indicated their view that it was closely related to Acanthoderes. For sure, it was a transference based on doubts, and not on justified or definable features.
Acanthocinus quadrigibbus Say, 1831 has the eyes coarsely faceted, and pronotum not distinctly depressed centrally. Accordingly, it belongs to and is hereby transferred to Aegomorphus.
As correctly reported by Chemsak & Hovore (2002b) for this species "the variation within and be-tween samples is considerable. " The elytral pubescence (Figs. 101, 106-109) is extremely variable in concentration, but much less so in position of the maculae, and although the anterior light pubescent macula of the elytra is from slightly distinct to well-marked its placement on the elytra remains the same.
Head: Frons coarsely, sparsely punctate; with yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, white pubescence centrally, between lower eye lobes and antennal tubercles; with a few long, erect dark setae (apex yellowish) close to lower eye lobes. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with central diamond-shaped area, coarsely, sparsely punctate, with sparse yellowish-white pubescence with yellowish-brown pubescence interspersed, sides of posterior area with denser yellowish-brown pubescence; sides extending toward prothorax with dense yellowish-brown pubescent band, narrow nearly glabrous area close to eyes. Central area of vertex close to prothorax with one large semielliptical area with brown pubescence on each side of median groove. Area behind eyes with yellowish-brown pubescence close to eyes (this area widened toward ventral surface), with white pubescence interspersed, glabrous toward prothorax. Genae about as long as lower eye lobe; with sparse light yellowish-brown pubescence, sparser toward apex. Postclypeus centrally and laterally glabrous, with bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on remaining surface, with long setae of same color interspersed, and a few long, erect dark setae. Posterior ¾ of labrum coplanar with anteclypeus, inclined at anterior quarter; with short yellowish-white pubescence close to anteclypeus, gradually longer toward apex of coplanar area; anterior margin with fringe of nearly golden setae. Gulamentum smooth, wide posterior area glabrous, depressed, anteriorly with short yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.58 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Antennae central area with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, except narrow, longitudinal pale yellow-pubescent band anteriorly and posteriorly, and white pubescence on sides of posterior quarter; area between side of lateral tubercles and on lateral tubercles of prothorax with brown, yellowish-brown, and whitish pubescence intermixed. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; with white pubescence not obscuring integument, more yellowish anteriorly and posteriorly. Prosternum centrally with white pubescence not obscuring integument, more yellowish laterally. Prosternal process with narrowest area about as wide as half the width of procoxal cavity; with white pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventral surface of meso-and metathorax with pale-yellow pubescence laterally, white centrally (sparser on center of mesoventrite). Mesoventral process slightly narrower than width of mesocoxal cavity; lateral margins elevated, especially anteriorly. Scutellum with dark brown pubescence, except narrow, central, longitudinal yellowish pubescent band (sometimes absent). Elytra: Humeri very slightly projected forward; with centrobasal crest between humeri and scutellum elevated, covered with small tubercles; with slightly distinct carina from apex of centrobasal crest to posterior third, and another between the crest and humeri; coarsely, sparsely punctate; apex obliquely truncate, with outer angle projected; irregular areas with white pubescence (not obscuring punctures) surrounded by yellowish-brown pubescence, except dense, white U-shaped pubescent macula centrally on anterior third (connecting across both elytra), and three large, somewhat transverse, irregular areas with dark-brown pubescence (one on anterior third; one about middle; another on posterior third). Legs: Femora with dense white pubescence on peduncle, sparser on club. Tibiae with three white pubescent rings, one near base, one about middle, another at apex; remaining surface with brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, sparse, erect yellowish setae interspersed, especially in meso-and metatibiae.
Variation: Elytral pubescence is noticeably variable as in several species of Aegomorphus. Extremes could easily be confused with different species. In some specimens (including the holotype), the sides of anterior half have dense white pubescence forming large band distinctly attaining center of dorsal area, in others this band is restricted to inclined area, and in some it is nearly absent. The same occurs in the fascia along the sides in posterior half.

Aegomorphus consentaneus
Psapharochrus consentaneus was described by Thomson based on a single specimen from Brazil without a specific locality given. Lameere (1884) reported the species from "Env. De Rio-Janeiro. ", referring to a place near to Rio de Janeiro city (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and more recently Zajciw (1969a) recorded the species to two Brazilian states (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro). The MZSP collection has a large number of Cerambycidae from southern Brazil, but all specimens of P. consentaneus are only from Northern Brazil and Bolivia. Accordingly, it is possible that the specimens examined by Lameere (1884) and Zajciw (1969a) are not really P. consentaneus.
The eyes coarsely granulate, and the pronotum lacking a central depression place this species in Aegomorphus. One of the primary features allowing recognition of the species is the sparse white setae on the large dark pubescent area along the sides of the posterior half of the elytra. Only one other species of Aegomorphus has this pattern of pubescence: Aegomorphus pseudosatellinus (Tavakilian & Néouze, 2013).   Monné, 1994: 68 (cat.).
The general appearance of Aegomorphus satellinus is similar to that of Aegomorphus jaspideus (Germar, 1823) making it difficult to separate them simply from the dorsal view. Fortunately, the mesoventral process (Figs. 126-127) differs in the two species with A. satellinus having a somewhat centrally flattened process with a small tubercle on each side of anterior margin. In A. jaspideus, the mesoventral process (Figs. 128-129) is centrally tumid and lacks the tubercles. Head: Frons coarsely, sparsely punctate; with orangish-brown pubescence, partially obscuring integument (worn away in the holotype and many of the paratypes), with white pubescence interspersed and a few long, erect brown setae close to eyes. Area between antennal tubercles coarsely, sparsely punctate; with orange-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with yellowish-white pubescence interspersed, central area with yellowish-white pubescence. Area between upper eye lobes with orange pubescence (much of it missing in the holotype), with white pubescence interspersed. Central area of vertex close to prothorax with a large semielliptical area with short brown pubescence on each side of median groove (lost in the holotype), and orangish-brown pubescence along median groove. Area behind upper eye lobes with orange-white pubescence, with distinct yellowish-white pubescence close to ver-tex and dense, narrow yellowish-white pubescent band close to eye, widened toward inferior side, remaining surface glabrous. Genae almost 1.5 times length of lower eye lobe; with yellowish-white pubescence close to eye toward posterior area, with orangish-brown pubescence and white pubescence interspersed toward anterior area, glabrous apex. Postclypeus coarsely, sparsely punctate on wide central area, smooth laterally; with bristly orangish-brown pubescence on wide central area (nearly glabrous centrally), glabrous laterally; with long, sparse, erect dark setae on wide central area. Posterior ¾ of labrum coplanar with anteclypeus, inclined at anterior quarter; yellowish-white pubescent, with long, erect dark setae interspersed on coplanar area, anterior margin with fringe of nearly golden pubescence. Gulamentum with transverse, slightly distinct striae on wide posterior area, depressed on narrow anterior area; wide posterior area glabrous, with yellowish-white pubescence on depressed area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.56 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.95 times length of scape. Antennae 1.35 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere XI. Scape clavate, slightly sulcate in basal third dorsally; with yellowish-white pubescence (partially lost in the holotype), with orangish-brown pubescence interspersed dorsally. Pedicel with basal and distal pubescent rings, distally distinctly narrower, pubescence mostly pale-yellow dorsally, whiter ventrally. Antennomere III with pale-yellow pubescence on basal quarter of dorsal surface, pubescence whiter on basal half of ventral surface; remaining surface with brown pubescence, with a few white setae interspersed; with a few short, erect dark setae ventrally; remaining antennomeres pale-yellow pubescent on basal half, brown on distal surface; with a few short, erect dark setae on ventral surface of antennomeres IV-X (sparser toward X). Antennal formula ( Thorax: Lateral tubercle of prothorax large, conical, slightly inclined upward, with apex blunt. Pronotum with large, elevated tubercle on each side, gradually more elevated anteriorly, becoming nearly conical with apex rounded; with carina-shaped central tubercle, from anterior margin to posterior sulcus, widened posteriorly; coarsely, sparsely punctate around tubercles and anteriorly and posteriorly; with orangish-brown and yellowish-white pubescence intermixed centrally, top of tubercles glabrous, and orangish-brown pubescence with yellowish-white pubescence interspersed (yellowish-white pubescence denser on sides of posterior area and sides of anterior area of lateral tubercles); with a few long, erect dark setae laterally on posterior area. Sides of prothorax coarsely punctate; with yellowish-white pubescence; with orangish-brown pubescence interspersed on area close to pronotum. Ventral surface of thorax with pale-yellow pubescence in some areas partially obscuring integument, distinctly sparser on cen-tral area of mesoventrite. Prosternal process 0.7 times as wide as procoxal cavity; lateral margins slightly sinuous. Mesoventral process about as wide as mesocoxal cavity; longitudinally tumid centrally (more elevated toward anterior area), without tubercle on sides of anterior area. Scutellum with orangish-brown pubescence laterally (partially lost in the holotype), yellowish-white centrally. Elytra: Humeri slightly projected forward; with slightly elevated centrobasal crest between humeri and scutellum, covered with small tubercles, and distinct carina from apex of centrobasal crest to near apex; with another carina between humeri and the former carina; both carina fused distally; with small, sparse tubercles on basal quarter; coarsely, sparsely punctate; apex truncate, concave centrally; with yellowish-white and orangish-brown pubescence irregularly mixed, except: white V-shaped band centrally on anterior third (encompassing both elytra); irregular area with brown pubescence between centrobasal crests (pubescence lost in the holotype and most paratypes); oblique brown pubescent band on sides of anterior third dorsally; oblique, large, irregular brown pubescent band dorsally after middle; oblique, moderately large, irregular brown pubescent band dorsally near apex; with pubescent band along suture, from V-shaped pubescent band to apex, with rounded brown pubescent spots interspersed. Legs: Femora with pale-yellow pubescence on some areas partially obscuring integument, forming two dense, longitudinal bands ventrally on base of profemora. Tibiae with three pale-yellow pubescent rings, one basally, one centrally, another at apex; remaining surface with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument. Sides of dorsal surface of protarsomere I and tarsomere V with pale-yellow pubescence; remaining surface of protarsomere I and protarsomeres II-IV with dark pubescence. Meso-and metatarsi with pale-yellow pubescence dorsally.
Abdomen: Ventrites with dense pale-yellow pubescence laterally, sparser centrally, except glabrous, subrounded macula on each side, near apex in I-IV, near base in V; apex of ventrite V moderately wide, truncate, centrally emarginate.
Female (Fig. 135): Differs from male by the shorter antennae (1.2 times elytral length, reaching about distal ninth of elytra), and apex of ventrite V narrower.
Variation: Area between upper eye lobes coarsely, sparsely punctate; pubescence on dorsal surface of scape mostly orangish-brown; elytral apex not centrally concave, with outer angle slightly, triangularly projected.
Head: Frons finely, sparsely punctate; with white, pale-yellow and yellowish-brown pubescence intermixed; with a few long, erect dark setae close to eyes. Vertex with punctures as on frons, nearly absent toward prothoracic margin; pubescence as on frons between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes, forming semicircular yellowish-brown macula on each side of median groove close to prothorax. Area behind eyes finely punctate (punctures finer than on frons), denser close to eye, sparser toward prothorax; area behind upper eye lobes with yellowish-brown pubescence; area behind lower eye lobes with pale-yellow pubescence close to eye, with white setae interspersed, wide area close to prothorax glabrous. Genae 1.3 times longer than lower eye lobe; with dense pale-yellow pubescence close to eye, area close to frons glabrous, with sparse pale-yellow pubescence toward glabrous apex, with white setae interspersed. Postclypeus centrally and laterally glabrous, with bristly pale-yellow and yellowish-brown pubescence on remaining surface; with one long dark seta on each side of pubescent area. Posterior ⅘ of labrum coplanar with anteclypeus, inclined at anterior fifth; with pale-yellow pubescence on coplanar area not obscuring integument, inclined area nearly glabrous, distal margin with golden pubescent fringe; with long dark setae directed forward at interface of coplanar and inclined area. Gulamentum smooth, wide posterior area glabrous, depressed, with short yellowish-white setae not obscuring integument anteriorly. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.51 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.87 times length of scape. Antennae 1.55 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal third of antennomere IX. Scape clavate, slightly sulcate dorsally at basal third; with dark reddish-brown and brown pubescence intermixed, central pubescent ring with dense, yellowish-brown on outer side, yellowish-white, sparse on remaining surface (sparser dorsally), and narrow pubescent area at apex. Basal ring of pedicel with pale-yellow pubescence, dark-brown pubescence on remaining surface. Antennomere III with yellowish-white pubescence from base to after middle, not obscuring integument, with black pubescence on remaining surface, forming dense tuft of long setae ventrally and on inferior surface of sides; with a few long, erect brownish setae ventrally on light area. Antennomeres IV-X with basal white pubescent ring, and black pubescence on remaining surface; antennomeres IX-XI with erect black setae on distal half of ventral surface. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III (only one female measured): scape = 0.62; pedicel = 0.24; IV = 0.54; V = 0.38; VI = 0.30; VII = 0.25; VIII = 0.22; IX = 0.21; X = 0.12; XI = 0.18.
Thorax: Lateral tubercles of prothorax large, conical, slightly inclined upward, with apex acute. Pronotum with large, elevated tubercle each side of central area, inclined sideways, with apex blunt; central area with elongate tubercle, from anterior margin to posterior sulcus, carina-shaped from anterior margin to near middle, gradually widened from this point to posterior sulcus; coarsely, sparsely punctate between tubercles, anteriorly and posteriorly; central area with yellowish-brown pubescence, except short yellowish-white pubescent band on central tubercle close to anterior margin, and another more irregular one close to posterior margin, six white pubescent irregular macula, one each side of anterior quarter, one each side of posterior third, and one each side of posterior quarter; remaining anterior surface of central tubercle glabrous, and posterior area with brown pubescence not obscuring integument; apex of lateral tubercles glabrous; with dark-brown pubescent band close to outer side of lateral tubercles, and remaining dorsal surface of lateral tubercles on prothorax with yellowish-brown, pale-yellow and white pubescence intermixed; with a few long, erect dark setae laterally in posterior area. Sides of prothorax coarsely, sparsely punctate; with yellowish-brown pubescence and white pubescence interspersed. Prosternum with moderately dense yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, gradually whiter, distinctly sparser centrally, anterior area glabrous. Prosternal process slightly wider than half width of procoxal cavity; with sparse white pubescence. Ventral surface of mesothorax with dense abundant yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, white, notably sparse on central area of mesoventrite, white and sparse on mesoventral process. Mesoventral process slightly wider than width of mesocoxal cavity; with small tubercle each side of anterior area. Ventral surface of metathorax with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, whiter, sparser centrally. Scutellum with yellowish-white pubescence centrally, dark brown laterally. Elytra: Humeri very slightly projected forward; centrobasal crest short, elevated, covered with small tubercles; with slightly distinct carina from apex of centrobasal crest to posterior quarter, and another between the first and the humeri; apex truncate, with outer angle triangularly projected; coarsely, sparsely punctate on basal quarter, gradually finer, sparser toward apex; with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence with irregular white maculae interspersed, and three black pubescent dorsal areas, one at anterior third, one about middle, another at posterior quarter; with white pubescent band along suture, with small black pubescent maculae interspersed; with long, erect, sparse dark setae on basal quarter, especially on centrobasal crest. Galileo & Martins (2011) described Psapharochrus inaequalis based on a single male from Bolivia. According to Martins & Santos-Silva (2013): "The main feature that allows the separation of Eupromerella from Psapharochrus is the shorter body when the proportion between the head and prothorax is compared with the elytra. No other reliable character can be used to distinguish these genera. The main problem is that there are currently several different forms placed in Psapharochrus. However, this does not prevent the transfer of species from Psapharochrus to Eupromerella and does not classify it as a doubtful genus. " Psapharochrus inaequalis is nearly identical to Eupromerella orbifera (Aurivillius, 1908). The latter species was originally described in Psapharochrus andtransferred to Eupromerella Fisher, 1938 by Monné &. In reality, E. orbifera is a problematic species that could be included in either Psapharochrus (now Aegomorphus) or Eupromerella. Also, it is probable that P. inaequalis may only be a variation of E. orbifera, a species that also occurs in Bolivia. For now, it will be kept as a different species because the apex of the protibiae is entirely dark (only apex in the holotype and specimens examined), and its elytral pubescence slightly sparser (but with same pattern). It will be necessary to examine the holotype before a synonymy could be considered. Eupromerella quadrituberculata , comb. nov. (Figs. 142-146) Acanthoderes quadrituberculata Zajciw, : 160, 1969a, 1974: 67 (distr.); Julio et al., 2000: 31 (holotype). Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) quadrituberculata; Zajciw, 1969b: 608;Monné, 1994: 67 (cat.); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 231 (checklist The eyes of Acanthoderes quadrituberculata (Fig. 146) are not distinctly finely granulated hence its inclusion in this genus is incorrect. Furthermore, its general shape indicates that it is much better placed in Eupromerella than in Aegomorphus (see comments in Eupromerella inaequalis).
Unfortunately, both the holotype and all paratypes were destroyed during the 2018 fire in the MNRJ. Description: Female: Integument mostly black; mouthparts dark reddish-brown, except palpi black with reddish-brown apex of last palpomeres; antennomere III brown on basal ⅔, black on distal third (slightly reddish-brown on apical area); remaining antennomeres yellowish-brown on basal half/third, black on remaining surface; anteclypeus and labrum mostly testaceous.
Head: Frons finely, densely punctate; with yellowish-brown and pale-yellow pubescence intermixed, nearly obscuring integument, with yellowish-white setae interspersed, large yellowish-white pubescent macula between eyes and antennal tubercles centrally. Vertex finely, abundantly punctate; area between antennal tubercles with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument centrally, with yellowish-white setae interspersed, and dense yellowish-white pubescence laterally; area between upper eye lobes and beginning of area behind upper eye lobes with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, with yellowish-brown setae interspersed, dense yellowish-brown pubescence on remaining surface, except brown pubescent macula between the two pubescent areas; area close to prothorax nearly glabrous; remaining surface area behind upper eye lobes close to eye with yellowish-brown and brown pubescence not obscuring integument, glabrous toward prothorax. Area behind lower eye lobes with sparse yellowish-white pubescence close to superior area of eye, denser toward ventral surface, distinctly sparser toward prothorax. Genae about as long as lower eye lobe; with yellowish-brown pubescence, denser close to eye, sparser on remaining surface. Postclypeus with bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on wide central area not obscuring integument, central area nearly glabrous laterally glabrous. Posterior ¾ of labrum coplanar with anteclypeus, inclined on anterior quarter; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence on coplanar area, becoming yellowish toward anterior margin. Gulamentum glabrous except narrow anterior area with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.73 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.17 times length of scape. Antennae 1.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal third of antennomere IX. Scape nearly straight at outer surface, strongly, gradually widened from base to middle of inner surface, then slightly narrowed toward apex; with yellowish-brown and brown pubescence mixed dorsally, not obscuring integument, except dense, narrow yellowish pubescent macula on apex; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on remaining surface. Pedicel brown pubescent dorsally, with yellowish-brown pubescence interspersed, especially basally; remaining surface with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Light area of antennomeres with yellowish-white pubescence (sparser on some areas of III), and dark brown pubescence on dark area; ventral surface of antennomeres III-IV with short, sparse, erect yellowish-brown setae; apex of antennomeres V-X with short, erect, brownish setae at apex. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.78; pedicel = 0.24; IV = 0.87; V = 0.58; VI = 0.51; VII = 0.42; VIII = 0.37; IX = 0.36; X = 0.31; XI = 0.33.
Thorax: Lateral tubercle of prothorax large, conical, slightly curved upward, with apex nearly acute. Pronotum with large gibbosity on each side of central area, and slightly elevated central gibbosity on posterior half, becoming carina-shaped on anterior half; coarsely, densely punctate, except smooth posterior area of central gibbosity; with irregular tufts of light yellowish-brown pubescence (more pale yellow posteriorly), and moderately spare brown pubescence between them, except glabrous posterior area of central gibbosity; with a few long, erect dark setae on sides of posterior area. Sides of prothorax coarsely, abundantly punctate; with light yellowish-brown pubescence throughout. Ventral surface of thorax with moderately dense pale-yellow pubescence laterally, gradually sparser, whiter centrally. Narrowest area of prosternal process slightly less than half width of procoxal cavity. Apex of mesoventral process about as wide as mesocoxal cavity. Scutellum with short brownish pubescence not obscuring integument, with yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Elytra: Coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal third, punctures gradually sparser on remaining surface toward apex; apex obliquely truncate; with dense light yellowish-brown pubescence nearly entirely obscuring integument, except: irregular, narrow, fragmented V-shaped (across both elytra) brownish pubescent area on center of basal third; small, irregular white pubescent spot on base of each arm of V-shaped area; large, irregular white pubescent macula dorsally on basal half; irregular, nearly triangular brown pubescent macula dorsally after middle, laterally margined with narrow, white pubescence, especially on outside edge; irregular, white pubescent macula dorsally on posterior quarter close to latter dark macula; small, irregular white pubescent spot near apex; narrow white pubescent macula along suture and epipleural margin (nearly absent on basal quarter of sutural area), with brown pubescent areas interspersed. Legs: Femora with yellowish-white pubescence on peduncle and basal area of club, remaining surface densely pale-yellow. Tibiae with yellowish-white pubescence, except two brown pubescent macula covering dorsal area and sides, one less conspicuous on basal third, another wider on posterior half (more conspicuous in protibiae). Tarsomeres I and V with yellowish-white pubescence dorsally (sparser on protarsomere I); tarsomeres II-IV with brown pubescence dorsally.
Abdomen: Ventrites with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly yellower and denser on V; ventrite V centrally sulcate at basal third; apex of ventrite V truncate.  (Fuchs, 1959) but females differ as follows: size smaller; lower eye lobes proportionally smaller; femoral peduncle shorter; elytral pubescent pattern with posterior dark macula not arch-shaped; and metaventrite not punctate laterally. Females of E. plaumanni are larger, lower eye lobes are proportionally larger, femoral peduncle are longer, posterior dark macula of the elytra is arch-shaped, and the metaventrite is punctate laterally.
The new species differs from E. picturata Martins, Galileo & Limeira-de-Oliveira, 2009 (females) by the smaller size, metaventrite not punctate laterally (punctate in E. picturata), the pubescence of the scape is sparser (denser in E. picturata), and posterior dark macula of the elytra not arch-shaped (arched in E. picturata). Eupromerella boliviana also differs from E. propinqua (Melzer, 1931), and E. pseudopropinqua (Fuchs, 1959), by the different pubescent pattern of the elytra (see photographs of the types of those two species at Bezark, 2019).