Euplocania Enderlein: description of the female of E. quinquedivisa Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae), with a checklist of Euplocania species in Brazil

The unknown female of Euplocania quinquedivisa Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael, is described and illustrated. Information on sexes known and distribution in Brazilian states is included for the known species of Brazilian Euplocania. Key-Words. Taxonomy; Neotropics; Epipsocetae.


INTRODUCTION
Euplocania Enderlein (1910) is one of 12 recent genera in the psocopteran family Ptiloneuridae. It presently includes forty-seven described species, with twenty-six species known only from males, four species known only from females, and seventeen species known from both sexes; these species occur in Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and Paraguay (Silva-Neto et al., 2019). Brazil is the second-most rich country for Euplocania species, with fifteen species distributed in five Brazilian States. Only two of these species have the female described (Table 1). Euplocania quinquedivisa Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael was described on basis of a male specimen collected in a Malaise trap set 18 meters from the ground, in a tower located in Reserva ZF2, inside the Amazonian forest in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. This species could not be assigned in any of the species-groups proposed by García Aldrete et al. (2013), so Silva-Neto et al. (2019) created the species-group quinquedivisa to include it. One of us (KAB) recently found in a miscellany of insects preserved in 80% ethanol, at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA), a male specimen of E. quinquedivisa (Fig. 1) and a female specimen (Fig. 2) associated with it, which was assigned as the unknown female of this species. The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate the female of E. quinquedivisa, to present an update of the diagnosis this species, including female characters, and to provide a checklist of Euplocania species in Brazil.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
1 male and 1 female were available for study. All specimens were collected through Malaise traps in five different heights (ground level, 8 m above ground level, 16 m, 24 m and 32 m) on a tower located in the Amazonian forest, in an area owned by the Reserva Biológica do Cueiras (ZF-2). They were dissected in 80% ethanol, and their parts were mounted on permanent slides in Canada balsam. Standard measurements (in μm), were taken with a filar micrometer. Abbreviations of parts measured are as follows: FW and HW: right fore-and hindwing lengths; F, T, t1, t2 and t3: lengths of femur, tibia and tarsomeres 1, 2 and 3 of right hind leg; f1…fn: lengths of flagellomeres 1…n of right antenna; Mx4: length of fourth segment of right maxillary palpus; IO: minimum distance between compound eyes in dorsal view of head; D and d: antero-posterior and transverse ISSN On-Line: 1807-0205 ISSN Printed: 0031-1049 ISNI: 0000-0004-0384-1825 diameter, respectively, of right compound eye in dorsal view of head; PO: d/D. The specimens were stored in "CD boxes" as described by Silva-Neto et al. (2016).
Photographs of parts of the specimens were taken with a Leica DFC500 digital camera attached to a Leica M205C stereomicroscope, connected to a computer with the Leica Application Suite LAS V3.6 software, which includes an Auto-Montage module (Syncroscopy software). The distribution map was generated on the website SimpleMappr.
The specimens studied are deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA). Updated diagnosis: Hypandrium of five sclerites; forewings with a slender, pigmented marginal band, from pterostigma to A₂, with two hyaline areas, almost triangular, from R₂₊₃ to CuP, on each side of the vein ends at wing margin. Ninth sternum broad, trapeziform, with three distinct areas, posteriorly with sides converging towards a membranous apex. Gonapophyses with v1 long, slender, heavily sclerotized; v2+3 stout, with short, blunt ended heel, with six setae on v3. Female: Color: Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents, head pattern (Fig. 3).

Description
Scape proximally pale yellow, distally dark brown, pedicel yellow with a V-shaped spot dark brown, f1 proximally pale brown and then pale yellow, f2 pale yellow. Legs with coxae brown, trochanters dark brown, femora proximally dark brown, then brown; tibiae brown with apex dark brown; tarsomere 1 brown, distally dark brown, tarsomeres 2-3 yellow. Forewings veins brown, with a pigmented marginal band, from pterostigma to A₂, with two hyaline areas, almost triangular, from R₂₊₃ to CuP, on each side of the vein ends at wing margin Rs and crossvein Rs-M dark brown. Pterostigma dark brown with small irregular brown areas (Fig. 4). Hindwings (Fig. 5), almost hyaline, with a dark brown spot, between CuP and wing margin, a dark brown spot between A₁ and wing margin, veins brown, each with a brown spot distally at wing margin on R₄₊₅ and M.

Brazil is divided in 26 states and a Federal District.
Euplocania species occur in only seven of these Brazilian states (Table 1) and these species range from the south (Paraná: São José dos Pinhais) to the north (Amazonas: Uarini) of Brazil, with a distance between those extremes of some 3.042 km (Fig. 11). The Northern region is the most diverse for Euplocania (twelve species) with the state of Amazonas including six species (Fig. 11).
Among the fifteen Brazilian species of Euplocania only E. badonneli New & Thornton and E. cerata New have known females; with the description of the female of E. quinquedivisa this number is raised to three species.
Euplocania quinquedivisa is unique among the 47 known species of Euplocania, having a distinct slender, pigmented marginal band in the forewing, from pterostigma to A₂, with two almost triangular hyaline areas from R₂₊₃ to Cup, on each side of the vein ends at wing margin. Other Euplocania species have these hyaline areas in the pigmented marginal band (mentioned above), but in elliptical (E.  Figure 2. Euplocania quinquedivisa. Female. Scale in mm. Barroso, K.A. et al.: Female of E. quinquedivisa and checklist Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020;v (ZF-2). Interestingly, two male specimens were collected at 16 m high whilst the female specimen was collected at 8 m high. Probably, the 8-16 m range is the ideal height to collect more specimens of E. quinquedivisa, therefore revealing that the traditional ground-level Malaise is inefficient to target this species.
The only known specimen of Euplocania xavieri Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael was also collected in this tower, at 16 m high and no other specimen of this species was found during the collection period mentioned above.  Barroso, K.A. et al.: Female of E. quinquedivisa and checklist Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020;v.60: e20206020 5/6