An illustrated catalogue of the types of Blephariceridae (Diptera) in the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

Kelloggina Williston, 1907 is one of the least studied Blephariceridae genera in the world, despite being the most diverse in the Neotropics with 34 species. We provide a catalogue with the 14 nominal species of the genus described by Lane and d’Andretta from the Southeastern Region of Brazil, of which the type-specimens are deposited at the Diptera Collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. There are 60 specimens deposited at this museum, including male holotypes of 14 species and females “allotypes” (paratypes) for seven species. We include male diagnoses and photographs of the holotypes of all species.

Fragmentary studies in few poorly surveyed areas registered five genera and 76 species in the Neotropical Region so far (Gil-Azevedo, 2018), including the ill-defined genus Kelloggina Williston, 1907. This genus is one of the least studied blepharicerid groups in the world, despite being the most diverse in the Neotropics with 34 species. All are reported from southeastern region of Brazil to central region of Chile (Gil-Azevedo, 2018).
The first two species of Kelloggina were described at the end of the 19 th century, K. torrentium (Müller, 1881) and K. rufescens (Williston, 1893). Lutz (1920) described an additional 16 species from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina Brazilian states. After that, two further species were described based on male adults, K. brevicornia (Edwards, 1929) and K. chilena (Alexander, 1952), from Misiones, Argentina and Santiago, Chile, respectively (Hogue, 1971). The last published paper about Kelloggina species was from Lane & d'Andretta (1956). The authors published the results of a regional survey, based on 227 specimens collected from few areas in the southeastern region of Brazil. Their survey result-ed in descriptions of 14 new species, including nine from Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), two from Alto Caparaó, Minas Gerais (MG), and three from São Paulo (SP) sites.
Comparing the species described by Lutz (1920) with Lane & d'Andretta's (1956) is a difficult task. The delimitations of Lutz's species were clearly based on the immatures; in contrast, Lane & d'Andretta's exclusive reliance on adults. Lane & d'Andretta (1956) indicated further: "We had great difficult in the interpretation of his [Lutz] descriptions and, as we are not able to see his material, we feel that mistakes and possible synonyms may occur and that when a more extensive study can be made from bred material, some of our forms may be representatives of Lutz's species, specially those which he described from the immature stages. " As stated by Hogue (1971), both studies focused on the same area of southeastern Brazil and there may be some overlapped species. Lutz (1920) provided useful descriptions of the immatures, which are richly illustrated, but did not provide the same treatment to adults, which are neither well described, nor well illustrated. On the other hand, Lane & d'Andretta (1956) presented superficial descriptions of adults. They illustrate only general characteristics of male terminalia, which curiously are not described in the paper.
The combination of these two main studies makes the identification of Kelloggina adults difficult, especially without the direct comparison of type material. Lane & d'Andretta (1956) deposited all the holotypes and most paratypes at the Entomological Collection of Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (FSP-USP, SP, Brazil). Since the 1970's the FSP-USP collection has housed only Diptera of medical importance, with all the other specimens (including Blephariceridae) moved to the Diptera Collection of Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP, SP, Brazil) (Falaschi et al., 2018). These blepharicerid types are critical to understanding Lane & d'Andretta's species and our study aims to investigate and illustrate this material.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We provide a catalogue with the 14 nominal species of Blephariceridae (Kelloggina) described by Lane & d'Andretta (1956), for which the type-specimens are deposited at the Diptera Collection of the MZSP. We added distribution data and diagnoses for these 14 species with their respective discussions.
We include photographs for all holotypes. Images were taken with a digital Axiocam MRc5 camera connected to a Zeiss Discovery V20 stereomicroscope, using the software ZEISS AxioVs40 v. 4.8.2.0. Photographs were taken at sequential focal planes and then combined with the software Helicon Focus® version 4.2.9, method B, to obtain high-resolution stacked images. When possible, photographs were taken from frontal, dorsal, and lateral views of the body, wings, and terminalia. Additionally, we include all label data for each specimen.

RESULTS
From the 171 types (138 males and 33 females) cited by the Lane & d'Andretta (1956), 60 were deposited at MZSP, including male holotypes of 14 species and fe-males "allotypes" (paratypes) for seven species. Twentyeight paratypes (23 males and 5 females) were loaned to LHGA and unfortunately lost during the Museu Nacional, RJ, Brazil (MNRJ) fire, on 02 September 2018. A total of 83 paratypes (62 males and 21 females) were not located. According to Lane & d'Andretta (1956) some paratypes were sent to the Natural History Museum (London, UK), Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (Washington, USA), Coleção Entomológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), and Faculdade de Farmácia e Odontologia (São Paulo, Brazil) collections, but we were unable to examine this material.   Lane & d'Andretta (1956: 181, fig. 2). Hogue (1971: 4). ly contiguous and united above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape brown, pedicel and flagellum black. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four segments, three basal segments yellow, the last one black. Thorax: Pronotum dark brown. Scutum yellow, with 1+1 antero-lateral dark brown spots continuous to the prono-tum. Scutellum yellow. Pleura dark brown with large yellow marks. Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellow at base and darker apically, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Hind tibia with two spurs. Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline, with costal cell yellowish. Vein m-m present and complete. Remarks: Lane & d'Andretta (1956) listed an additional four paratypes, 2 ♂ and 2 ♀, but they were not examined.

DISCUSSION
Males of the 14 species addressed here have in common: eyes divided into two parts (upper and lower portions); antenna with 12 flagellomeres; proboscis longer than head; and palp with four palpomeres. With this combination of characters, these species could be easily differentiated from other genera of Blepharicerinae in the Neotropical region, as Aposonalco Hogue, 1992, Limonicola Lutz, 1928, and Paltostoma Schiner, 1866. These characters should be further investigated in other species of Kelloggina, to confirm whether they are diagnostic for the genus.
The Lane & d'Andretta's species can be differentiated from each other by somatic characters of the male as: eyes shape, proboscis length, number of tibial spurs, presence of wing transversal vein m-m, and coloration. We prefer not to use the male terminalia in the diagnoses because in the holotypes they were mounted in slides and became too two-dimensional, thus we are unable to see differences between them.
We have identified four groups of species that seem related, separated by coloration characters only: (1) K. cataguasi, K. gomesi, and K. shannoni.
(2) K. cherentesi, K. laemmerti, and K. tapuiasi. (3) K. tamoioi and K. willistoni. (4) K. cataguasi and K. edwardsi. These species should be better investigated, with the addition of more data from male terminalia and immatures. For instance, K. cataguasi and K. edwardsi are remarkably similar, looking like yellow and black morphotypes/variants of the same species -they should be better compared, preferably with fresh material.