Three new species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae), for the state of Roraima, Brazil

The three new species of Brazilian Euplocania are described and illustrated, two species belong in the amabilis species group (Euplocania maraca sp.  nov. and Euplocania ufrr sp.  nov.) and one species belong in the marginata species group (Euplocania macuxi sp. nov.). Information on species groups, species subgroups and distribution by Brazilian states is included for known species of Euplocania.


INTRODUCTION
Euplocania Enderlein (1910) is one of 12 recent genera in the psocopteran family Ptiloneuridae. It presently includes forty-seven described species, subdivided into 14 species groups. One of these fourteen Euplocania species groups is the amabilis species group, of García Aldrete et al. (2013), characterized by having forewing with broad, pigmented marginal band from R₄₊₅ to A and Cu2 cells, pterostigma angulate, extended towards Rs, hypandrium of three sclerites, a large central sclerite, flanked by two small ones and central sclerite with two lateral posterior projections. It is the most specious species group of Euplocania with twenty-one species included (Silva-Neto et al., 2019). Vinasco-Mondragón et al. (2018) based on the morphology of the hypandrium central sclerite and the mesal endophallic sclerite diagnosed six subgroups of species included in the amabilis group as follows: subgroup ariasi, subgroup badonneli, subgroup lasdelicias, subgroup manauensis, subgroup picta and subgroup tocantina. The most specious subgroup of the amabilis group is subgroup picta with seven species included: Euplocania bujariensis Silva-Neto, García (Silva-Neto et al., 2019). The subgroup picta is characterized by having forewings pterostigma completely dark, projection angulated, postero-lateral processes of the central sclerite of hypandrium medium sized, bifurcated, forming an inverted V and mesal endophallic sclerite with median and usually postero-lateral process (Vinasco-Mondragón et al., 2018) -Neto et al., 2019). It is characterized by having postero-lateral processes of the central sclerite of hypandrium anteriorly slightly or distinctly bulged, with rough thorns, posteriorly forming a short to medium sized projection, directed inwards, transverse mesal endophallic sclerite with well-developed mid posterior projection and external parameres with strong and sclerotized internal projection (Vinasco-Mondragón et al., 2018).
Another of these fourteen Euplocania species groups is the species group marginata, of García Aldrete et al. (2013), characterized by having forewing with pigmented marginal band from R₄₊₅ to A and Cu2 cells, pterostigma rounded, not angulate nor extended towards Rs, hindwing with pigmented marginal band from R₄₊₅ to A and Cu2 cells and hypandrium of three sclerites, central one large, with two medians, stout, acuminate posterior projections. Actually includes only three species: Euplocania marginata New & Thonton, Euplocania uariniensis Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael and Euplocania atlântica Silva-Neto (Silva-Neto et al., 2019, Silva-Neto, 2021, Vinasco-Mondragón et al., 2018. As far as known, Euplocania is restricted to the Neotropical region and its species occur in Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and Paraguay (Silva-Neto et al., 2019). Brazil is the second-most diverse in terms of Euplocania species, with sixteen known species distributed to seven Brazilian States (Table 1) (Silva-Neto & García Aldrete, 2020, Silva-Neto, 2021. Actually, the subgroup picta is represented in Brazil by three species (E. bujariensis, E. picta and E. pseudopictaoides), the subgroup manauensis by three species (E. cearensis, E. manauensis and E. rafaeli) and the marginata group by two species (E. uariniensis and E. atlantica) (Table 1).
Recently, one of us (AFP) found in a miscellany of insects preserved in 80% ethanol, at the Universidade Federal of Roraima, three different specimens of Euplocania collected in Brazilian states of Roraima. Two of these Euplocania specimens belonging to the amabilis species group, one belonging of the subgroup picta and not recognizable as any of the known species this subgroup has; another specimen belonging to the subgroup manauensis and not assignable to any of the known species of this subgroup. The third specimen of Euplocania found belonging of the amabilis species group and not recognizable as any of the known species of this species group. The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate, based on male specimens, two new species for group amabilis and one species for group marginata.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Three male specimens were available for study. They were dissected in 80% ethanol, and their parts were mounted on glass slides in Canada balsam. Standard measurements (in μm) were taken with a filar micrometer. Abbrevia tions of parts measured are as follows: FW and HW: right fore-and hind-wing lengths; F, T, t1, t2 and t3: lengths of femur, tibia and tarsomeres 1, 2 and 3 of right hind leg; f1…fn: lengths of flagellomeres 1…n of right antenna; Mx4: length of fourth segment of right maxillary palpus; IO: minimum distance between compound eyes in dorsal view of head; D and d: antero-posterior and transverse diameter, respectively, of right compound eye in dorsal view of head; PO: d/D. The specimens studied were stored in CD boxes, as described by Silva-Neto et al. (2016).
Photographs of the parts mounted were taken with a Leica DFC500 digital camera attached to a Leica M205C stereomicroscope, connected to a computer with the Leica Application Suite LAS V3.6 software, which includes an Auto-Montage module (Syncroscopy software). The types will be deposited in the Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA).  stout triangular process, underlaid by a stout bifid posterior process, with each arm machete shaped, widening posteriorly, distally curved slightly inwards; mesal sclerite of phallosome U-shaped, anteriorly convex, narrow, posteriorly widening with postero-lateral corners projected, these almost triangular, three pairs of endophallic sclerites, with an antero-lateral pair, boomerang shaped, almost the same width along its entire length and with a posterior pair, broad, trapeziform with sides converging to almost straight posterior border.

Color (in 80% ethanol):
Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents, head pattern (Fig. 8). Scape dark brown, pedicel yellow, f1 pale yellow. Mx4 yellow with apex dark brown. Legs with coxae, trochanters and femora brown, tibiae yellow with apex dark brown; tarsomere 1 yellow with end dark brown, tarsomeres 2-3 dark brown. Forewings veins brown, with a dark brown spot at wing margin, a marginal pigmented band from R₄₊₅ to A2 with two hyaline areas, boomerang shaped, on each side of the distal ends of the veins at wing margin; Rs and crossvein Rs-M dark brown, R₂₊₃ with a brown spot distally at wing margin. Pterostigma dark brown, with a hyaline window, almost elliptical at lower angle (Fig. 9). Hindwings (Fig. 10), almost hyaline, veins brown, each with a brown spot distally at wing margin.

Morphology:
Compound eyes without interommatidial setae (Fig. 8). Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with six denticles (Fig. 11). Forewing pterostigma angulate, almost triangular, areola postica tall, with round apex, slanted posteriorly, Rs stem almost straight, R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅ sinuous; M stem slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, with four primary branches, M₁ straight, M₂-M₄ sinuous (Fig. 9). Hindwing Rs and R₂₊₃ straight, and R₄₊₅ convex in the middle, M sinuous (Fig. 10). Hypandrium of three sclerites, a large central sclerite with postero-lateral processes anteriorly distinctly bulged, not sinuous, leaving between them two small triangular projections; side sclerites large, broadly, posteriorly forked (Fig. 12). Phallosome (Fig. 13) with side struts basally fused, V-shaped, widening posteriorly and distally almost triangular. External parameres stout, K-shaped, with pores in outer arm. Two pairs of endophallic sclerites, antero-mesal pair strongly sclerotized, rounded basally, almost square posteriorly, with apex slightly forked; an antero-lateral pair stout, elongate, proximally wide, narrowing posteriorly, blunt ended. Epiproct wide basally, with sides converging to straight posterior border, three setae mesally, other setae as illustrated (Fig. 14). Paraprocts broad, wide basally, posteriorly narrowing at the end, with apex rounded, sensory fields with 30-31 trichobothria on basal rosettes, setae as illustrated (Fig. 14).  (2018). It is close to E. bujariensis in the general shape of the hypandrium, especially by having postero-lateral processes of the central sclerite of hypandrium as long as its antero-posterior length, instead the anteroposterior length of the basal part of the hypandrium two or three times longer than the length of the its postero-lateral processes as occurs in the other six species included in this subgroup and by having the lateral posterior projections of the hypandrium with the apex of the inner margin not acuminate. Differing from E. bujariensis by having pterostigma without a small hyaline window at lower angle, by having basal part of the hypandrium semi oval instead of sub square as in E. bujariensis, by having distal part of postero-lateral processes of the hypandrium about three times longer than it is wide, rather than just twice as long as it is wide as in E. bujariensis, and by having mesal endophallic sclerite without postero-lateral processes, with median process widening distally (compare Figs. 16,19 and 20 in this paper with figs. 2, 6 and 7 in Silva-Neto et al., 2019).
Morphology: Head with vertex concave in the middle, slightly above the level of the upper border of the compound eyes, these without interommatidial setae (Fig. 15). Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with five denticles (Fig. 18). Forewing pterostigma angulate, projected in the middle towards Rs, areola postica tall, with round apex; Rs stem almost straight, R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅ sinuous; M stem slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, with four primary branches, M₁ almost straight, M₂-M₄ sinuous (Fig. 16). Hindwing Rs straight, R₂₊₃ straight, R₄₊₅ slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, M stem sinuous (Fig. 17). Hypandrium of three sclerites, a large central sclerite, basally semi-oval, with a small acuminate projection on each side, anterior to each postero-lateral processes, these last with distal part about three times longer than it is wide, with the apex of the inner margin not acuminate, setae as illustrated (Fig. 19). Phallosome ( Fig. 20) with side struts basally fused, V-shaped, widening in the middle and narrowing at the ends, distally curved inwards. External parameres U-shaped with a field of pores in the middle. Mesal sclerite wide, strongly sclerotized, tripartite into three equal parts, transversely y-shaped, with a central projection in the middle, widening at the end. Two pairs of endophallic sclerites, an antero-mesal pair fused in the middle of the phallosome, giving rise to a type of second mesal sclerite, anteriorly wide, triangular, posteriorly narrowing, V-shaped, ending in the possible fusion zone, it with a small acuminate projection; an antero-lateral pair wide basally, with sides narrowing posteriorly, with apex truncate. Epiproct wide basally, with sides converging to triangular posterior border, three setae mesally, other setae as illustrated (Fig. 21). Paraprocts broad, wide basally, posteriorly narrowing at the end, with apex straight, sensory fields with 30-31 trichobothria on basal rosettes, setae as illustrated (Fig. 21).