Evidence of non-selective lexical access to second and third language in unbalanced multilinguals: an N400 study on the processing of interlingual homographs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/1982-8837264935Palavras-chave:
multilingualism, interlingual homographs, N400, Portuguese-English-German multilingualismResumo
Bilinguals and multilinguals commonly encounter words in their multiple languages which share some linguistic aspects. Among those are interlingual homographs, or words that have the exact same orthography in two different languages. The current study examined, through a semantic judgment task in English with ERP recording, how multilinguals (speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, English and German) accessed the meanings of interlingual homographs that belonged to their dominant and non-dominant foreign languages compared to a control group of Brazilian Portuguese-English bilinguals. The findings demonstrated that multilinguals were slower to respond to the English-German interlingual homographs as compared to control stimuli (no homographs). The results also demonstrated that, when the interlingual homographs were semantically related to their targets in the non-target language, there were significantly more errors and a higher RT than in unrelated conditions. Additionally, only the bilinguals presented the typical N400 effect for unrelated conditions, suggesting that the co-activation of the non-target language due to interlingual homographs modulated this ERP in the multilingual group. Our results provide support for the Bilingual Interactive Activation plus model and suggest that literature findings on interference between first and second languages also hold for second and third languages.
Downloads
Referências
ABEP. Critério Brasil. Available at: <http://www.abep.org/criterio-brasil>.2018.
BAKER, C. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, v. 79. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2011.
BRYSBAERT, M.; BUCHMEIER, M.; CONRAD, M.; JACOBS, A. M. ; BÖLTE, J.; BÖHL, A. The word frequency effect: A review of recent developments and implications for the choice of frequency estimates in German. Experimental Psychology, v. 58, n.5, 412-424, 2011. doi: https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000123.
BRYSBAERT, M., & NEW, B. Moving beyond Kucera and Francis: a critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior research methods, v.41, n.4, 977-990, 2009. doi: https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.977.
DE BRUIJN, E. R. A.; DIJKSTRA,T.; CHWILLA,D.J.; SCHRIEFER,H.J. Language context effects on interlingual homograph recognition: evidence from event-related potentials and response times in semantic priming. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v.4, n.02, 2001.doi:10.1017/s1366728901000256.
DIJKSTRA, T. et al. More on interlingual homograph recognition: Language intermixing versus explicitness of instruction. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, v. 3, n. 1, 69-78, 2000.
DIJKSTRA, T.; VAN HEUVEN, W. J. B. The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v.5, n.03, 2002. doi:10.1017/s1366728902003012.
DUDEN. Duden Online Wörterbuch. Available at: <https://www.duden.de/woerterbuch>.2017
DURLIK J.; SZEWCZYKJ.; MUSZYŃSKI M.; WODNIECKAZ. Interference and Inhibition in Bilingual Language Comprehension: Evidence from Polish-English Interlingual Homographs. PLoSONE,v.11, n.3, e0151430, 2016. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151430.
ELSTON-GÜTTLER, K.E.; GUNTER, T.C.; KOTZ, S.A. Zooming into L2: global language context and adjustment affect processing of interlingual homographs in sentences.Brain research. Cognitive brain research, v.25, n. 1,57-70, 2005.
GROOT, A. M.D.; DELMAAR, P.; LUPKER, S. J. The processing of interlexical homographs in translation recognition and lexical decision: support for non-selective access to bilingual memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology, v.53, n.2, 397-428, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755891.
GROSJEAN, F. Bilingual. [S.l.]: Harvard University Press, 2010.
VAN HEUVEN, W. J.; SCHRIEFERS, H.; DIJKSTRA, T.; HAGOORT, P. Language conflict in the bilingual brain. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), v.18, n.11, 2706–2716, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn030.
HOSHINO, N.; THIERRY, G. Do Spanish-English Bilinguals have Their Fingers in Two Pies-or is It Their Toes? An Electrophysiological Investigation of Semantic Access in Bilinguals. Frontiers in psychology, v.3, 9, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00009.
HSIEH, M. C.; JEONG, H.; DOS SANTOS KAWATA, K. H.; SASAKI, Y.; LEE H. C., YOKOYAMA, S.; SUGIURA, M.; KAWASHIMA, R. Neural correlates of bilingual language control during interlingual homograph processing in a logogram writing system. Brain and language, v.174, 2–85, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2017.06.006.
KEMMERER, D. Cognitive neuroscience of language. [S.l.]: Psychology Press, 2014.
KERKHOFS, R.; DIJKSTRA, T.; CHWILLA, D. J.; DE BRUIJN, E. R. Testing a model for bilingual semantic priming with interlingual homographs: RT and N400 effects. Brain research,v.1068,n.1, 170–183, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.087.
KOUSAIE, S.; PHILLIPS, N. A. Age-related differences in interlingual priming: abehavioraland electrophysiological investigation. Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition, v.18, n.1, 22–5, 2011. https://doi.org10.1080/13825585.2010.510555.
KROLL, J. F.; DUSSIAS, P. The comprehension of words and sentences in two languages. In T. Bhatia & W. Ritchie (Eds.). Handbook of Bilingualism Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2004, 169-200.
KUTAS, M.; FEDERMEIER, K. D. Thirty years and counting: finding meaning in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP). Annual review of psychology, v.62, 621–647, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131123.
KUTAS, M.; PETTEN, C.V.; KLUENDER, R.E. Psycholinguistics Electrified II (1994–2005), 2006.
LEMHÖFER K.; DIJKSTRA, T. Recognizing cognates and interlingual homographs: effects of code similarity in language-specific and generalized lexical decision. Memory & cognition, v.32, n.4, 33–550, 2004. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195845.
LEMHÖEFER, K.; DIJKSTRA T.; MICHEL, M. Three languages, one ECHO: Cognate effects in trilingual word recognition. Language and Cognitive Processes, v.19, n.5, 585-611 2004. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960444000007.
LEUVEN, B. University of Small World of Words. Available at<http://www.smallworldofwords.com/new/visualize/>. 2017.
MACIZO, P.; BAJO, T.; MARTÍN, M.C. Inhibitory processes in bilingual language comprehension: Evidence from Spanish-English interlexical homographs. Journal of Memory and Language, v.63, 232-244, 2010.
MACMILLAN. Macmillan Online Dictionary. Available at<http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/>. 2017.
MARTÍN, M.C.; MACIZO, P.; BAJO, T. Time course of inhibitory processes in bilingual language processing. British journal of psychology, 101 Pt 4, 679-93, 2010.
NG, S.; WICHA, N. Y. Meaning first: a case for language-independent access to word meaning in the bilingual brain. Neuropsychologia, v.51, n.5, 850–863, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.017.
RODRIGUEZ-FORNELLS, A.;ROTTE, M.;HINZE, H. J.;NÖSSELT, T.;MÜNTE, T. F. Brain potential and functional MRI evidence for how to handle two languages with one brain. Nature,v.415, n. 6875, 1026–1029, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1038/4151026a.
STUDNITZ, R.E.; GREEN, D.W. Interlingual homograph interference in German–English bilinguals: Its modulation and locus of control.Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v.5, 1 –23, 2002.
THIERRY, G.; WU, Y. J. Electrophysiological evidence for language interference in late bilinguals. Neuroreport, v.15, n.10, 1555–1558, 2004. https://doi.org/10.109701.wnr.0000134214.57469.c2.
THIERRY, G.; WU, Y. J. Brain potentials reveal unconscious translation during foreign-language comprehension. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v.04, n.30, 12530–12535, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609927104.
TOASSI, P. F. P.;MOTA, M. B.;TEIXEIRA, E. N. The effect of cognate words on lexical access of English as a third language. Cadernos de Tradução [online], v. 40, n. 2, 74-96,2020. Available from: <https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2020v40nesp2p74>.
WISSENSCHAFTEN,B.-B. A. der. DWDS Online Wörterbuch. Available from:<http://www.dwds.de/>. 2017.
WU, Y. J.; THIERRY, G. Investigating bilingual processing: the neglected role of language processing contexts. Frontiers in psychology, v.1, 178, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3389fpsyg.2010.00178.
YIU, L. K.; PITTS, M. A.; ANSECO-GONZALEZ, E. Electrophysiological assessment of the time course of bilingual visual word recognition: Early access to language membership. Neuropsychologia, v. 75, 349–367, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.018.
ZHU, Y.;MOK, P. P. K. Visual recognition of cognates and interlingual homographs in two non- native languages.inguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2018. doi:10.1075/lab.17049.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Pandaemonium Germanicum
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Dados de financiamento
-
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Números do Financiamento 2017/00246-0
