Efeito do jejum intermitente no desempenho de força muscular: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.2022e36188613Palavras-chave:
Dieta, Ramadã, Alimentação com restrição de tempo, Fenômenos biomecânicosResumo
O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi identificar o efeito de diferentes protocolos de jejum intermitente no desempenho de força muscular. Buscas conduzidas por dois pesquisadores de forma independente foram realizadas nas bases de dados eletrônicas e repositório: Pubmed, Scielo, Bibilioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Foram incluídos estudos desenvolvidos em humanos (≥18 anos), que avaliaram os protocolos de jejum intermitente do Ramadã ou de Alimentação com Restrição de Tempo (ART), em diferentes testes de força muscular. Um total de 1584 estudos foram selecionados e após cumprida todas as etapas de seleção, apenas 19 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. O estudo compõe uma amostra total de 486 participantes, com predomínio do sexo masculino 91,8% (n = 446), dos protocolos de jejum intermitente aplicados, ~79% (n = 15) empregaram o Ramadã e ~21 % (n = 4) o ART; o desempenho de força muscular foi avaliado através da força máxima dinâmica e isométrica de diferentes grupos musculares a partir dos testes: 1 Repetição Máxima (1RM), força de preensão manual (FPM), contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM); e da potência, em diferentes testes de salto. Em geral, os resultados dos estudos que compõem esta revisão apresentaram desfechos unânimes para os testes de 1RM e FPM, indicando não haver implicações do jejum intermitente no desempenho da força muscular quando mensurada por estes testes, contrariamente o desempenho de potência e a CVIM os resultados são conflitantes. Considerando que, mesmo com maior parte dos estudos adotando o mesmo protocolo de jejum e estratificando a avaliação por tipo específico de força, era esperado maior uniformidade nos resultados, o que não foi encontrado.
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