Perfil térmico dos membros inferiores de futebolistas: uma comparação entre jovens atletas e profissionais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.2023e37189306Palavras-chave:
Futebol, Temperatura da pele, Termografia infravermelha, TermorregulaçãoResumo
Este estudo estabeleceu e comparou o perfil térmico de membros inferiores de jovens futebolistas de base e de futebolistas profissionais, utilizando a termografia infravermelha. Foram obtidos termogramas de 27 jogadores de futebol de elite de duas categorias diferentes, sendo eles 16 atletas sub-20 (idade: 18,0 ± 0,9 anos; massa corporal: 72,2 ± 7,9 kg; gordura corporal: 7,6 ± 2,1 %G) e 11 profissionais (idade: 22,2 ± 2,7 anos; massa corporal: 77,2 ± 9,9 kg; gordura corporal: 7,6 ± 2,5 %). A temperatura da pele foi mensurada nos quadríceps, isquiotibiais, joelho anterior, joelho posterior, tibial anterior e gastrocnêmios, por meio da câmera TIR-25 (Fluke®), tendo uma resolução de 160 x 120 pixels. As imagens foram analisadas no software Smartview 4.3 (Fluke®), considerando a emissividade de 0,98. O teste T independente foi utilizado para comparar as médias de temperatura entre os grupos, e o tamanho do efeito foi calculado (d Cohen). O nível de simetria térmica entre os profissionais e os futebolistas de base foram estatisticamente iguais. As diferenças térmicas bilaterais médias foram consideradas clinicamente aceitáveis (≤ 0,3 °C) em todas as regiões corporais analisadas. Em todas as regiões corporais de interesse analisadas, os valores médios de temperatura foram significativamente (p < 0,05) menores no grupo de jovens jogadores quando comparados aos profissionais, tendo uma magnitude de efeito grande. Os futebolistas avaliados apresentam um estado de simetria térmica bilateral adequada (< 0,3 °C), independente da categoria. Os jogadores profissionais apresentam temperatura superior aos atletas de base em todas as RCIs analisadas.
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