El proceso de armonización contable en latinoamérica: camino hacia las normas internacionales

Resumo

Nowadays, after the agreement signed between the IASB and the IOSCO in 1995, together with the actual convergence plan between the IASB and the FASB in 2002, the harmonisation process is in a state of effervescence, advancing in order to establish just one set of accounting standards that could be used for both domestic and cross-border financial reporting. For decades, leading accounting theories have advocated the harmonization of accounting principles world-wide to end the confusion and lack of comparability. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards International Accounting Standards (now known as International Financial Reporting Standards-IFRS) as the single body of internationally accepted accounting standards. In this context, the objective of this article is to analyze the efforts made in the accounting harmonization process in Latin America to achieve the convergence of accounting standards. This research focuses on the Economic, Accounting, and Administration MERCOSUR Integration Group - GIMCEA and on the American Free Trade Agreement Committee for Cooperation on Financial Reporting Matters - AFTA. The article studies the four major economies in this region: Argentina, Brazil (countries from GIMCEA), Chile and Mexico (countries from AFTA), because they have already achieved results. To progress toward the elimination of significant differences in accounting standards, we analyze and compare the standards of these four countries with global standards, IFRS and US-GAAP, to determine areas of significant discrepancies where progress might be made in harmonizing accounting standards.