Evolução da Viviparidade em Squamata: Cenários Evolutivos e Raridade dos Estágios Intermediários.

Autores

  • Renata Brandt Nunes Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Fisiologia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-5154.v1p21-26

Palavras-chave:

Evolução da viviparidade, Squamata, Estágios de desenvolvimento.

Resumo

A viviparidade em Squamata é derivada da oviparidade e surgiu mais de 100 vezes distintas dentro do grupo. Uma das hipóteses que melhor explica esta transição está relacionada aos requerimentos térmicos dos embriões em desenvolvimento. As trocas gasosas e umidade do substrato de incubação, entretanto, também são fatores fundamentais para sobrevivência nos estágios embrionários. Estes últimos fatores, por sua vez, podem ser os responsáveis pela raridade de estágios intermediários de desenvolvimento no momento da postura, uma vez que um compromisso evolutivo entre o prolongamento da retenção uterina e a espessura da casca é claramente identificado.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

Andrews, R. M. Evolution of Viviparity: Variation Between Two Sceloporine Lizards in the Ability to Extend Egg Retention. Journal of Zoology, v. 243, p. 579-595, 1997.

- Low Oxygen: A Constraint on the Evolution of Viviparity in Reptiles. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 75, n. 2, p. 145-154, 2002.

- Patterns of Embryonic Development In: Deeming, D. C. (ed.), Reptilian Incubation. Environment, Evolution and Behaviour. Nottingham, U.K: Nottingham University Press, 2004.

Andrews, R. M.; Mathies, T. Natural History of Reptilian Development: Constraints on the Evolution of Viviparity.Bioscience, v. 50, n. 3, p. 227-238, 2000.

Belinsky, A. et al. Water in Reptilian Eggs and HatchlingsIn: Deeming, D. C. (ed.), Reptilian Incubation. Environment, Evolution and Behaviour. Nottingham, U.K: Nottingham University Press, 2004.

Birchard, G. F. Effects of Incubation TemperatureIn: Deeming, D. C. (ed.), Reptilian Incubation. Environment, Evolution and Behaviour. Nottingham, U.K: Nottingham University Press, 2004.

Blackburn, D. G. Saltationist and Punctuated Equilibrium-Models for the Evolution of Viviparity and Placentation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, v. 174, n. 2, p. 199-216, 1995.

- Are Viviparity and Egg-Guarding Evolutionarily Labile in Squamates? Herpetologica, v. 55, n. 4, p. 556-573, 1999.

- Squamate Reptiles as Model Organisms for the Evolution of Viviparity. Herpetological Monographs, n. 20, p. 131-146, 2006.

Calderon-Espinosa, M. L.; Andrews, R. M.; De La Cruz, F. R. M. Evolution of Egg Retention in the Sceloporus Spinosus Group: Exploring the Role of Physiological, Environmental, and Phylogenetic Factors. Herpetological Monographs, n. 20, p. 147-158, 2006.

Deeming, D. C. Post-Hatching Phenotypic Effects of Incubation on Reptiles In: Deeming, D. C. (ed.), Reptilian Incubation. Environment, Evolution and Behaviour. Nottingham, U.K: Nottingham University Press, 2004.

Deeming, D. C.; Thompson, M. B. Gas Exchange Across Reptilian Eggshells In: Deeming, D. C.; Fergusson, M. W. J. (eds.), Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Demarco, V. G. The Timing of Eggshell Deposition in the Lizard Genus Sceloporus and the Evolution of Viviparity in Reptiles. American Zoologist, v. 28, n. 4, p. A131-A131, 1988.

Dufaure, J. P.; Hubert, J. Table De Developpement Du Lezard Vivipare - Lacerta (Zootoca) Vivipara Jacquin. Archives D Anatomie Microscopique Et De Morphologie Experimentale, v. 50, n. 3, p. 309-&, 1961.

Girling, J. E. The Reptilian Oviduct: A Review of Structure and Function and Directions for Future Research. Journal of Experimental Zoology, v. 293, n. 2, p. 141-170, 2002.

Heulin, B. et al. Variation in Eggshell Characteristics and in Intrauterine Egg Retention Between Two Oviparous Clades of the Lizard Lacerta Vivipara: Insight Into the Oviparity-Viviparity Continuum in Squamates. Journal of Morphology, v. 252, n. 3, p. 255-262, 2002.

Heulin, B. et al. Development of the Uterine Shell Glands During the Preovulatory and Early Gestation Periods in Oviparous and Viviparous Lacerta Vivipara. Journal of Morphology, v. 266, n. 1, p. 80-93, 2005.

Hodges, W. L. Evolution of Viviparity in Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma): Testing the Cold-Climate Hypothesis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology,v. 17, n. 6, p. 1230-1237, 2004.

Ingermann, R. L.; Berner, N. J.; Ragsdale, F. R. Effect of Pregnancy and Temperature on Red-Cell Oxygen-Affinity in the Viviparous Snake Thamnophis Elegans. Journal of Experimental Biology,v. 156, p. 399-406, 1991.

Ji, X.; Brana, F. The Influence of Thermal and Hydric Environments on Embryonic Use of Energy and Nutrients, and Hatchling Traits, in the Wall Lizards (Podarcis muralis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology a-molecular & Integrative Physiology,v. 124, n. 2, p. 205-213, 1999.

Ji, X.; Qiu, Q. B.; Diong, C. H. Influence of Incubation Temperature on Hatching Success, Energy Expenditure for Embryonic Development, and Size and Morphology of Hatchlings in the Oriental Garden Lizard, Calotes Versicolor (Agamidae). Journal of Experimental Zoology, v. 292, n. 7, p. 649-659, 2002.

Lee, M. S. Y.; Shine, R. Reptilian Viviparity and Dollo's Law. Evolution,v. 52, n. 5, p. 1441-1450, 1998.

Mathies, T.; Andrews, R. M. Extended Egg Retention and Its Influence on Embryonic Development and Egg Water Balance: Implications for the Evolution of Viviparity. Physiological Zoology, v. 69, n. 5, p. 1021-1035, 1996.

Mendez-De La Cruz, F. R.; Villagran-Santa Cruz, M.; ANDREWS, R. M. Evolution of Viviparity in the Lizard Genus Sceloporus. Herpetologica,v. 54, n. 4, p. 521-532, 1998.

Packard, G. C. The Physiological and Ecological Importance of Water to Embryos of Oviparous Reptiles In: Deeming, D. C.; Fergusson, M. W. J. (eds.), Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Packard, M. J.; Demarco, V. G. Eggshell Structure and Formation in Eggs of Oviparous ReptilesIn: Deeming, D. C.; Fergusson, M. W. J. (eds.), Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Palmer, B. D.; Demarco, V. G.; Guillette, L. J. Oviductal Morphology and Eggshell Formation in the Lizard, Sceloporus Woodi. Journal of Morphology, v. 217, n. 2, p. 205-217, 1993.

Qualls, C. P.; Andrews, R. M.; Mathies, T. The Evolution of Viviparity and Placentation Revisted. Journal of Theoretical Biology,v. 185, n. 1, p. 129-135, 1997.

Shine, R. A New Hypothesis for the Evolution of Viviparity in Reptiles. The American Naturalist, v. 145, n. 5, p. 809, 1995.

- Egg-Laying Reptiles in Cold Climates: Determinants and Consequences of Nest Temperatures in Montane Lizards. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, v. 12, n. 5, p. 918-926, 1999.

- Reconstructing an Adaptationist Scenario: What Selective Forces Favor the Evolution of Viviparity in Montane Reptiles? American Naturalist, v. 160, n. 5, p. 582-593, 2002.

Shine, R.; Thompson, M. B. Did Embryonic Responses to Incubation Conditions Drive the Evolution of Reproductive Modes in Squamate Reptiles? Herpetological Monographs, n. 20, p. 159-171, 2006.

Shine, R. The Evolution of Viviparity in Reptiles: An Ecological AnalysisIn: Gans, C.; Billet, F. (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia Volume 15. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1985.

Stewart, J. R.; Florian, J. D. Ontogeny of the Extraembryonic Membranes of the Oviparous Lizard, Eumeces Fasciatus (Squamata: Scincidae). Journal of Morphology,v. 244, n. 2, p. 81-107, 2000.

Stewart, J. R.; Thompson, M. B. Evolution of Reptilian Placentation: Development of Extraembryonic Membranes of the Australian Scincid Lizards, Bassiana Duperreyi (Oviparous) and Pseudemoia Entrecasteauxii (Viviparous). Journal of Morphology,v. 227, n. 3, p. 349-370, 1996.

Thompson, M. B. Et al. Placental Function in Lizards. Animals and Environments,v. 1275, p. 218-225, 2004.

Tracy, C. R.; Snell, H. L. Interrelations Among Water and Energy Relations of Reptilian Eggs, Embryos, and Hatchlings. American Zoologist, v. 25, n. 4, p. 999-1008, 1985.

Vleck, C. M.; Hoyt, C. F. Metabolism and Energetics of Reptilian and Avian EmbryosIn: Deeming, D. C.; Fergusson, M. W. J. (eds.), Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Warburton, S. J.; Hastings, D.; Wang, T. Responses to Chronic Hypoxia in Embryonic Alligators. Journal of Experimental Zoology,v. 273, n. 1, p. 44-50, 1995.

Webb, J. K.; Shine, R.; Christian, K. A. The Adaptive Significance of Reptilian Viviparity in the Tropics: Testing the Maternal Manipulation Hypothesis. Evolution, v. 60, n. 1, p. 115-122, 2006.

Downloads

Publicado

2008-12-30

Edição

Seção

Revisão

Como Citar

Nunes, R. B. (2008). Evolução da Viviparidade em Squamata: Cenários Evolutivos e Raridade dos Estágios Intermediários. Revista Da Biologia, 1(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-5154.v1p21-26