Uma revisão sobre as adaptações anatômicas do ouvido médio dos Tetrápodes aquáticos atuais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-5154.v24p1-8Palavras-chave:
tetrápodes, aquático, pressão, mergulhoResumo
Os tetrápodes evoluíram de vertebrados aquáticos e conquistaram e se diversificaram no ambiente terrestre. Enquanto algumas espécies se adaptaram à vida na terra, alguns táxons retornaram ao ambiente aquático devido à grande competição na superfície terrestre. Estudos realizados com espécies de tetrápodes aquáticos normalmente focam na anatomia e processos auditivos, negligenciando as adaptações desenvolvidas ao longo da evolução para compensar a diferença de pressão no ouvido médio durante mergulhos. Essa revisão compila informações sobre os mecanismos usados pelos tetrápodes para prevenir o barotrauma do ouvido médio e como esses processos se modificaram durante a evolução. Os resultados demonstram que ao longo da evolução, diferentes táxons e linhagens desenvolveram mecanismos diferentes, e ocasionalmente compartilhados, para evitar o barotrauma do ouvido médio no meio aquático. Os resultados também indicam que há falta de informações acerca das adaptações ao hábito de vida aquático em diversas espécies, desde as formas mais únicas, como a iguana marinha de Galápagos, aos mamíferos marinhos.
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