SARS-CoV-2: taxonomia, origem e constituição
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v99i5p473-479Palavras-chave:
SARS-CoV-2, Coronavírus, Classificação, Estrutura viral, OrigemResumo
Introdução: O SARS-CoV-2 é um novo coronavírus, responsável pela atual pandemia de COVID-19, o qual já infectou e causou a morte de milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo. Objetivo: Descrever aspectos básicos e fundamentais sobre o SARS-CoV-2, como nome, constituição, possíveis origens e classificação. Método: Revisão bibliográfica exploratória e descritiva, elaborada por meio de pesquisas nas plataformas PubMed, Scopus, Google Acadêmico, e SciELO. Os termos utilizados para a seleção dos materiais foram: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “spike-protein”, “classification”, “coronavirus” e suas combinações. Resultados: Os coronavírus pertencem à família Coronaviridae, a qual abrange 2 subfamílias, 5 gêneros, 26 subgêneros e 46 espécies de vírus. O SARS-CoV-2 pertence ao gênero Betacoronavirus, subgênero Sarbecovirus, espécie Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, e está relacionado à síndrome respiratória aguda. Sua classificação foi realizada pelo International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) levando-se em consideração principalmente características moleculares e filogenéticas e não a doença que causa. Este vírus surgiu na China, país em que há o hábito de consumir animais domésticos ou selvagens recentemente abatidos. Especula-se que o morcego-ferradura (Rhinolophus sinicus) seja o seu hospedeiro primário e que o pangolim malaio (Manis javanica) o hospedeiro intermediário. O SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus envelopado, aproximadamente esférico, e os seus vírions têm diâmetros médios de 80 a 120 nm. Possui genoma de RNA não segmentado, fita simples, codificando quatro proteínas principais: glicoproteína espicular (S), proteína do envelope (E), glicoproteína da membrana (M) e proteína do nucleocapsídeo (N). Os coronavírus utilizam a S como principal alvo para neutralizar anticorpos e para se ligar ao receptor enzima conversora de angiotensina 2. Conclusão: O conhecimento aprofundado sobre as características básicas do SARS-CoV-2 é fundamental para a melhor compreensão e entendimento dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, fisiopatológicos e para o tratamento da COVID-19.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Omar Arafat Kdudsi Khalil, Sara da Silva Khalil
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