Cardiac autonomic modulation of healthy middle-aged adults and obese preadolescents, during incremental dynamic exercise.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v102i6e-182503Keywords:
obesity, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, natural agingAbstract
Background: Obesity in pre-adolescence and the natural process of aging are factors that can interfere in the mechanisms of cardiac autonomic adjustments during physical exercise and the practice and recovery. Objective: To investigate which of the two factors causes the greatest damage to cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) during and recovery after exercise. Methods: Ten healthy middle aged (HMA) individuals with a mean age of 45 ± 5 years and five obese pre-adolescents (OPA) with a mean age of 10.5 ± 1.5 years who underwent a protocol of study were studied during dynamic submaximal incremental exercise (DSIE), performed on a treadmill. Due to the difference in height, the OPA started the protocol at a speed of 4.0 km/h and the HMA at 4.5 km/h. The speeds had increments of 0.5 km/h at each 3-minute stage until the volunteer reached his submaximal HR (HRsubmax = 195 - age) or level 13 of the Borg effort perception index. At the end of the effort, the volunteer walked for 1 minute at the initial speed of the protocol and lay down for 5min. The registered heartbeat was interpreted by software that takes the analysis of CAM through the interpretation of heart rate variability (HRV). The data analysis was restricted to descriptive statistics, due to the low number of volunteers studied. Results: both groups activated properly the sympathetic tone during the effort, although the OPA reached higher HR values in the relative speeds. During post-exercise recovery phase the pNN50, index that represents the cardiac parasympathetic modulation, was higher for OPA (mean of 2.24 - HMA and 8.34 - OPA), being the factor responsible for the greatest reduction in HR post-effort. Conclusion: the natural aging process seems to be a more impacting factor for cardiac autonomic adjustments, especially during the post-effort phase, than obesity in pre-adolescence.
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