Complicações neuromusculares pela COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v101i1e-192193Palavras-chave:
Covid-19, Doenças neuromusculares, Revisão sistemáticaResumo
Introdução: O Coronavírus é um vírus zoonótico de RNA, tratando-se também de uma família de vírus que causam infecções respiratórias, em que um dos tipos conhecidos é o SARS-CoV-2, que é um novo coronavírus descrito no final de 2019, sendo responsável por provocar a doença chamada de COVID-19. Além do trato respiratório, tal patologia pode afetar vários sistemas orgânicos e dentre esses, o sistema neuromuscular tem sido apontado como alvo do SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Verificar se há relação entre a COVID-19 e o surgimento de doenças neuromusculares. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática pelo método PRISMA, com coleta de dados realizada nas bases PubMed e BVS, verificando a relação entre a COVID-19 e o surgimento ou intensificação das doenças neuromusculares. Os artigos coletados foram publicados entre janeiro de 2020 e março de 2021. Foram encontrados 1366 artigos e aprovados 56 para a revisão sistemática. Resultados: 56 estudos apontaram ligação entre a COVID-19 e o desenvolvimento de patologias neuromusculares, destacando-se: Síndrome de Guillain-Barré e suas variações (n=37), Miastenia de Gravis (n=4), Mielite (n=2). Discussão: Em relação a Síndrome de Guillain-Barré e sua associação com a COVID-19, observou-se que os principais sinais e sintomas neuromusculares relatados foram: déficits quantitativos dos reflexos (hiporreflexia ou arreflexia), parestesia, paralisia, diminuição da força muscular, dormência e formigamento. Por conseguinte, notou-se que há diversas relações entre a COVID-19 e o desenvolvimento de doenças ou síndromes neuromusculares. Conclusão: É possível perceber que há forte indícios da relação entre a fisiopatologia da COVID-19 e o surgimento de síndromes neuromusculares, sendo a Síndrome de Guillain-Barré a disfunção mais relatada em diferentes localidades do mundo. Nesse sentido, é interessante o desenvolvimento de pesquisas com maior tamanho amostral, bem como, necessidade de compreensão do mecanismo de ação viral sobre o sistema nervoso, a fim de obter tratamentos mais eficientes para esses quadros clínicos.
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