Conhecimento médico sobre atividade física: uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v102i3e-200521Palavras-chave:
atividade física, exercício, educação médicaResumo
É bem estabelecido na literatura médica que a prática de atividade física (AF) é benéfica a saúde, sendo capaz de prevenir e tratar doenças crônicas além de promover saúde e qualidade de vida. No entanto, a prevalência de inatividade física na população vem aumentando nos últimos anos, especialmente se considerado o contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para identificar o nível de conhecimento médico sobre aconselhamento e prescrição da prática regular de AF, estratégias já documentadas como efetivas em aumentar o nível de AF da população. Orientações médicas sobre estilo de vida saudável são bem aceitas pela população, sendo os médicos considerados fontes seguras de informação sobre saúde, caracterizando o laço de confiança na relação médico-paciente. No entanto, poucos são os profissionais que colocam em prática a avaliação dos níveis de AF dos seus pacientes. Aqueles que os fazem geralmente são ativos e adotam hábitos saudáveis de vida. Dentre as barreiras descritas a falta de tempo e de conhecimento específico foram as mais significativas. Na prática, raras são as universidades que oferecem treinamentos ou disciplinas específicas sobre aconselhamento e prescrição de AF nos cursos de medicina. Enquanto, no contexto da residência médica, apenas aquelas especialidades relacionadas ao cuidado primário e promoção de saúde, como Medicina da Família e Medicina Esportiva, abordam o tema para que seus residentes coloquem em prática as recomendações sobre AF para seus pacientes. Desse modo, para que a prática regular de AF seja integrada ao sistema de saúde, é imperativo incluir treinamento teórico e prático sobre AF em todos os níveis de treinamento médico, desde a faculdade até o programas de pós-graduação.
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