Leprosy in a semi-arid region of Bahia: an analysis from 2001 to 2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v102i2e-201518Keywords:
Leprosy, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Health profileAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile of leprosy cases in a semi-arid region of Bahia. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out from data of 167 records of leprosy patients diagnosed and assisted at the Family Health Unit in Paulo Afonso, Bahia, from 2001 to 2017. Results: The annual new case detection rate was 9 per 100,000 inhabitants. Out of 167 patients, 111 (66.5%) were female; 49 (29.3%) aged between 31 and 45 years. Proportion of cases under 15-year age was 10.8%. Tuberculoid leprosy was the most common form (55.1%) and proportion of paucibacillary leprosy was 64.1%. Compared to operational classification, clinical form demonstrated 94.9% accuracy and an almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.888). Adverse effects were reported in 25 (15%) leprosy patients. Conclusion: Leprosy cases have been reported in Paulo Afonso, making the municipality an area of medium endemicity. Strengthening of leprosy control measures should be prioritized to eliminate the disease in this region.
Downloads
References
Alemu Belachew W, Naafs B. Position statement: leprossy: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(7):1205-1213. doi: 10.1111/jdv.15569.
Maymone MBC, Laughter M, Venkatesh S, Dacso MM, Rao PN, Stryjewska BM, Hugh J, Dellavalle RP, Dunnick CA. Leprosy: Clinical aspects and diagnostic techniques. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jul;83(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.12.080.
Nobre ML, Illarramendi X, Dupnik KM, Hacker MA, Nery JAC, Jerônimo SMB, et al. Multibacillary leprosy by population groups in Brazil: Lessons from an observational study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(2):e0005364. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005364.
Silva Junior GB, Daher EDF, Pires Neto RJ, Pereira EDB, Meneses GC, Araújo SMHA, et al. Leprosy nephropathy: a review of clinical and histopathological features. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo. 2015;57(1):15-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652015000100002.
World Health Organization. Global leprosy update, 2018: moving towards a leprosy-free world. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2019;94:389-412. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326776/WER9435-36-389-411-en-fr.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Brasil. Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Brasília (DF); 2019 [citado 11 set. 2019]. Disponível em: http://www.datasus.gov.br.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Guia de vigilância epidemiológica. Brasília (DF); 2009 [citado 12 dez. ted 2020]. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_vigilancia_epidemiologica_7ed.pdf.
Turner D, McGuinness SL, Leder K. Leprosy: diagnosis and management in a developed setting. Int Med J. 2015;45(1):109-112. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12638.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Diretrizes para vigilância, atenção e eliminação da Hanseníase como problema de saúde pública: manual técnico-operacional. Brasília (DF); 2016 [citado 09 dez. 2020]. Disponível em: https://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2016/fevereiro/04/diretrizes-eliminacao-hanseniase-4fev16-web.pdf.
World Health Organization. Global Leprosy Strategy 2016–2020. Accelerating towards a leprosy-free world. Monitoring and Evaluation Guide. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2017 [cited 2020 dec 10]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254907.
Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159-174. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310.
Salgado CG, Barreto JG, Silva MB, Frade MA, Spencer JS. What do we actually know about leprosy worldwide? Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(7):778. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30090-1.
Goncalves NV, Alcântara RCC, Souza JAS, Pereira ALRR, Miranda CSC, Oliveira JSS, et al. Leprosy in an Administrative District of Belém, Pará State, Brazil: relations between territory, socioeconomics, and public health policy, 2007-2013. Rev Pan-Amaz Saude. 2018;9(2):21-30. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/s2176-62232018000200003.
Araujo RMS, Tavares CM, Oliveira e Silva JM, Alves RS, Santos WB, Santos Rodrigues PL. Analysis of the epidemiological profile of leprosy. Rev Enferm UFPE. 2017;11(9):3632-3641. doi: https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v11i9a234513p3632-3641-2017.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Unidades da Federação: Bahia. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010 [citado 09 jul. 2020]. Disponível em: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ba/paulo-afonso/panorama.
Walter F, Ott JJ, Claus H, Krause G. Sex- and age patterns in incidence of infectious diseases in Germany: analyses of surveillance records over a 13-year period (2001-2013). Epidemiol Infect. 2018;146(3):372-378. doi: 10.1017/S0950268817002771.
Souza EA, Ferreira AF, Boigny RN, Alencar CH, Heukelbach J, Martins-Melo FR, et al. Hanseníase e gênero no Brasil: tendências em área endêmica da região Nordeste, 2001-2014. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52:20. doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000335.
Longo JD, Cunha RV. Perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos casos de hanseníase atendidos no Hospital Universitário em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, de janeiro de 1994 a julho de 2005. Hansen Int. 2006;31(1):9-14. Disponível em: http://periodicos.ses.sp.bvs.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1982-51612006000100002&lng=pt.
Nery JS, Ramond A, Pescarini JM, Alves A, Strina A, Ichihara MY, et al. Socioeconomic determinants of leprosy new case detection in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort: a population-based linkage study. Lancet Global Health. 2019;7(9):e1226-e36. doi: ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30260-8.
Góes C, Karpowicz I. Inequality in Brazil: a regional perspective (October 2017). IMF Working Papers no 17/225 [cited 2020 dec 12]. Available from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3079550.
Paixão MJ, Carvano LM. Relatório anual das desigualdades raciais no Brasil, 2007–2008. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Garamond; 2008 [citado 07 dez. 2020]. Disponível em: http://pfdc.pgr.mpf.mp.br/atuacao-e-conteudos-de-apoio/publicacoes/discriminacao/Desigualdades%20Raciais.pdf.
Raposo MT, Reis MC, Caminha AVdQ, Heukelbach J, Parker LA, et al. Grade 2 disabilities in leprosy patients from Brazil: Need for follow-up after completion of multidrug therapy. PLOS Neglected Trop Dis. 2018;12(7):e0006645. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006645.
Sanchez MN, Nery JS, Pescarini JM, et al. Physical disabilities caused by leprosy in 100 million cohort in Brazil. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;290. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05846-w.
Rodrigues Junior IA, Gresta LT, Noviello Mde L, Cartelle CT, Lyon S, Arantes RM. Leprosy classification methods: a comparative study in a referral center in Brazil. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;45:118-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.018.
Goulart IMB, Arbex GL, Carneiro MH, Rodrigues MS, Gadia R. Efeitos adversos da poliquimioterapia em pacientes com hanseníase: um levantamento de cinco anos em um Centro de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2002;35(5):453-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822002000500005.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Iara Ferreira de Lima, Isaque Oliveira Braga, Isnaia Firminia de Sousa Almeida Agostinho de Melo, Joilda Silva Nery, Iukary Oliveira Takenami, Pedro Pereira Tenório
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
