Cross-sectional study on neurological sequelae in patients with COVID 19 in AMREC and AMESC regions of Santa Catarina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v102i4e-203118Keywords:
Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2, Disorder, Neurologic, Anosmia, Disorders SleepAbstract
INTRODUCTION: COVID-long refers to the group of symptoms that persist one month after the acute phase of the disease. Fatigue, dyspnea, sensory changes, myalgia, cognitive changes stand out as the main manifestations observed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scenario of neurological sequelae associated with COVID-19 in the Associação de Municípios do Extremo Sul Catarinense (AMESC) and Associação dos Municípios da Região Carbonífera (AMREC) regions of Santa Catarina. METHODS: A total of 541 infected patients who were not in the acute phase of the disease participated in the survey. By means of structured telephone interviews, data regarding symptoms and treatment were obtained from these patients. RESULTS: It was found that 71.1% of the interviewed patients reported symptoms of COVID-long, mainly among women (65.4%). Cognitive changes (41.8%), anosmia (33.3%), taste alterations (27.3%) were the most frequent COVID-long neurological manifestations among the participants in the two regions surveyed. There was a significant relationship between the duration of sleep disturbance in AMREC and AMESC (p = 0.014), as well as between the duration of treatment in AMESC and no treatment in AMREC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Among the neurological manifestations, there was a higher frequency of cognitive changes, anosmia, and taste disorders among individuals in the two regions studied. Moreover, the search for home treatment, primary and specialized care among AMESC patients and the lack of it among AMREC ones demonstrate significant difference between the regional scenarios. Thereby, the duration of sleep disorders, more frequent during the acute phase among AMESC participants, showed relevant distinction between the participants from the two regions, suggesting the need for more complete and prolonged studies in these populations.
Downloads
References
Chan JF, Kok KH, Zhu Z, Chu H, To KK, Yuan S, et al. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):221-36. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902. Erratum in: Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):540.
Universidade Johns Hopkins. Covid-19 Map [base de dados online]. 2022 [acesso em 18 de maio de 2022]. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
Anka AU, Tahir MI, Abubakar SD, Alsabbagh M, Zian Z, Hamedifar H, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An overview of the immunopathology, serological diagnosis and management. Scand J Immunol. 2021;93(4): e12998. doi: 10.1111/sji.12998.
Umakanthan S, Sahu P, Ranade AV, Bukelo MM, Rao JS, Abrahao-Machado LF, et al. Origin, transmission, diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1142):753-8. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138234.
To KK, Sridhar S, Chiu KH, Hung DL, Li X, Hung IF, et al. Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021;10(1):507-35. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291.
Ochani R, Asad A, Yasmin F, Shaikh S, Khalid H, Batra S, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: from origins to outcomes. A comprehensive review of viral pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Infez Med. 2021;29(1):20-36.
Schirinzi T, Landi D, Liguori C. COVID-19: dealing with a potential risk factor for chronic neurological disorders. J Neurol. 2021;268(4):1171-8. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10131-y.
Venkatesan P. NICE guideline on long COVID. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(2):129. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00031-X.
Maltezou HC, Pavli A, Tsakris A. Post-COVID Syndrome: An Insight on Its Pathogenesis. Vaccines 2021;9(5):497. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050497.
Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Gu X, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study”. Lancet. 2021;397(10270):220-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8 .
Peramo-Álvarez FP, López-Zúñiga MA, López-RuzMA. “Secuelas médicas de la COVID-19”. Med Clín. 2021;157(8):388-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2021.04.023.
Stefano GB, Ptacek R, Ptackova H, Martin A, Kream RM. Selective neuronal mitochondrial targeting in SARS-CoV-2 infection affects 33 cognitive processes to induce ‘Brain Fog’ and results in behavioral changes that favor viral survival. Med Sci Monit. 2021;27:e930886. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/msm.930886.
Llorens S, Nava E, Muñoz-López M, Sánchez-Larsen Á, Segura T. Neurological symptoms of COVID-19: the zonulin hypothesis. Front Immunol. 2021;12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665300.
Theoharides TC, Guerra L, Patel K. Successful treatment of a patient with severe COVID-19 using an integrated approach addressing mast cells and their mediators. Int J Infect Dis. 2022;118:164-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.049.
Números da Covid-19 no Brasil. Gazeta do Povo. Acesso em 18 de maio de 2022. https://especiais.gazetadopovo.com.br/coronavirus/casos-no-brasil/.
FECAM, Federação Catarinense de Municípios. Associações dos Municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina [base de dados online]. 2021 [Acesso em: 20 agosto de 2021]. https://www.fecam.org.br/#mm-associacoes.
Governo do Estado de Santa Catarina. Conheça Santa Catarina. Geografia. [Acesso em: 20 ago. 2021]. https://www.sc.gov.br/conhecasc/geografia.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. População Estimada. 2021. [acesso em: 04 ago. 2021]. https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sc/panorama.
Oliveira MF. Metodologia Científica: um manual para a realização de pesquisas em administração [Dissertação]. Catalão: Universidade Federal de Goiás; 2011.
Medronho RA. Epidemiologia. 2a ed. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2009.
Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, Wei H, Low RJ, Re'em Y, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38:101019. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019.
Maltezou HC, Pavli A, Tsakris A. Post-COVID syndrome: an insight on its pathogenesis. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;12;9(5):497. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050497.
Schirinzi T, Landi D, Liguori C. COVID-19: dealing with a potential risk factor for chronic neurological disorders. J Neurol. 2021;268(4):1171-8. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10131-y.
Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Martín-Guerrero JD, Pellicer-Valero ÓJ, Navarro-Pardo E, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, et al. Female sex is a risk factor associated with long-term post-COVID related-symptoms but not with COVID-19 symptoms: the LONG-COVID-EXP-CM multicenter study. J Clin Med. 2022;11(2):413. doi: 10.3390/jcm11020413.
Song J, Deng YK, Wang H, Wang ZC, Liao B, Ma J, et al. Self-reported Taste and Smell disorders in patients with COVID-19: Distinct Features in China. Curr Med Sci. 2021;41(1):14-23. doi: 10.1007/s11596-021-2312-7.
Premraj Lavienraj, Kannapadi Nivedha, Briggs Jack, Seal Stella M. Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jan 29 [cited 2022 Apr 26];:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2022.120162. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-the-neurological-sciences.
Ceban F, Ling S, Lui LMW, Lee Y, Gill H, Teopiz KM, et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behavior and Immunity [Internet]. 2021 Dec 29 [cited 2022 Apr 26]:1-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/brain-behavior-and-immunity.
Fernandez FX, Flygare J, Grandner MA. Narcolepsy and COVID-19: sleeping on an opportunity? J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(8):1415. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8520.
Chiu HF, Xiang YT, Dai J, Chan SS, Leung T, Yu X, et al. The prevalence of sleep problems and their socio-demographic and clinical correlates in young Chinese rural residents. Psychiatry Res. 2012;200(2-3):789-94. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.050.
Decker MJ, Lin JM, Tabassum H, Reeves WC. Hypersomnolence and sleep-related complaints in metropolitan, urban, and rural Georgia. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(4):435-43. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn365.
Golden EC, Lipford MC. Narcolepsy: diagnosis and management. Cleve Clin J Med. 2018;85(12):959-69. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.17086.
Garg M, Maralakunte M, Garg S, Dhooria S, Sehgal I, Bhalla AS, et al. The Conundrum of 'Long-COVID-19': a narrative review. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:2491-506. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S316708.
Visvabharathy L, Hanson B, Orban Z, Lim PH, Palacio NM, Jain R, et al. Neuro-COVID long-haulers exhibit broad dysfunction in T cell memory generation and responses to vaccination. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2021;29:2021.08.08.21261763. doi: 10.1101/2021.08.08.21261763.
Theoharides TC, Cholevas C, Polyzoidis K, Politis A. Long-COVID syndrome-associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue. Biofactors. 2021;47(2):232-41. doi: 10.1002/biof.1726.
Garcia-Oscos F, Salgado H, Hall S, Thomas F, Farmer GE, Bermeo J, et al. The stress-induced cytokine interleukin-6 decreases the inhibition/excitation ratio in the rat temporal cortex via trans-signaling. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;71(7):574-82. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.11.018.
Ritchie K, Chan D, Watermeyer T. The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage? Brain Commun. 2020;2(2):fcaa069. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa069.
Ladds E, Rushforth A, Wieringa S, Taylor S, Rayner C, Husain L, et al. Persistent symptoms after Covid-19: qualitative study of 114 "long Covid" patients and draft quality principles for services. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):1144. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-06001-y.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ. 2021;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. Erratum in: BMJ. 2021;374:n1944.
Wong DKC, Gendeh HS, Thong HK, Lum SG, Gendeh BS, Saim A, et al. A review of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Med J Malaysia. 2020;75(5):574-81.
Camargo-Martínez W, Lozada-Martínez I, Escobar-Collazos A, Navarro-Coronado A, Moscote-Salazar L, Pacheco-Hernández A, et al. Post-COVID 19 neurological syndrome: Implications for sequelae's treatment. J Clin Neurosci. 2021;88:219-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.04.001.
Klopfenstein T, Kadiane-Oussou NJ, Toko L, Royer PY, Lepiller Q, Gendrin V, et al. Features of anosmia in COVID-19. Med Mal Infect. 2020;50(5):436-9. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.04.006.
Divani AA, Andalib S, Biller J, Di Napoli M, Moghimi N, Rubinos CA, et al. Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020;20(12):60. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-01079-7. Erratum in: Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020;20(12):66.
Kandemirli SG, Altundag A, Yildirim D, Tekcan Sanli DE, Saatci O. Olfactory Bulb MRI and Paranasal Sinus CT Findings in Persistent COVID-19 Anosmia. Acad Radiol. 2021;28(1):28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.10.006.
Zheng J, Wong LR, Li K, Verma AK, Ortiz ME, Wohlford-Lenane C, et al. COVID-19 treatments and pathogenesis including anosmia in K18-hACE2 mice. Nature. 2021;589(7843):603-607. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2943-z.
Nuño González A, Magaletskyy K, Martín Carrillo P, Lozano Masdemont B, Mayor Ibarguren A, Feito Rodríguez M, et al. Are Oral Mucosal Changes a Sign of COVID-19? A Cross-Sectional Study at a Field Hospital. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed). 2021;112(7):640–4. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.02.007.
Sinjari B, D'Ardes D, Santilli M, Rexhepi I, D'Addazio G, Di Carlo P, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Manifestation: An Observational, Human Study. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3218. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103218.
Menges D, Ballouz T, Anagnostopoulos A, Aschmann HE, Domenghino A, Fehr JS, et al. Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for healthcare service planning: a population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0254523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254523.
Daniel CR, Baroni MP, Ruaro JA, Fréz AR. (2020). Estamos olhando para os indivíduos pós-COVID como deveríamos? Rev Pesqui Fisioter. 2020;10(4):588–90. https://doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v10i4.3238.
Chopra V, Flanders SA, O'Malley M, Malani AN, Prescott HC. Sixty-Day Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(4):576-8. doi: 10.7326/M20-5661.
Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV, McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med. 2021;27(4):601-15. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z.
Figueiredo BQ, Dutra DS, Rosa FRPAC, Cunha IAMF, Marques JP, Lopes LFP, et al. Mapeamento da “Covid longa” em pacientes assistidos pela USF Itamarati e previamente infectados por SARS-CoV-2. Portal REDIB Red Iberoamericanos. ID: 10.33448/rsd-v10i15.23536.
Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A'Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020;370:m3026. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3026. PMID: 32784198.
Menges D, Ballouz T, Anagnostopoulos A, Aschmann HE, Domenghino A, Fehr JS, et al. Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for healthcare service planning: a population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0254523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254523. PMID: 34252157; PMCID: PMC8274847.
Humphreys H, Kilby L, Kudiersky N, Copeland R. Long COVID and the role of physical activity: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):e047632. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047632.
Santhosh L, Block B, Kim SY, Raju S, Shah RJ, Thakur N, et al. Rapid Design and Implementation of Post-COVID-19 Clinics. Chest. 2021;160(2):671-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.03.044.
Garcia MGPL. Estágio em fisioterapia neurológica: contexto de doentes com sequelas neurológicas resultantes da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 [dissertação]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa; 2022.
Lula-Barros DS, Damascena HL. Assistência farmacêutica na pandemia da Covid-19: uma pesquisa documental. Trabalho, Educação e Saúde. 2021;19:e00323155. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-7746-sol00323.
Silva D, Ferreira B, Marinho C. (2022). Saberes e práticas de cuidado em saúde sobre a covid-19: uma análise baseada em interações de pessoas em comunidade virtual. Rev Eletron Comunicacao Inf Inovacao Saude. 2022;16(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.29397/reciis.v16i2.3276.
Raveendran AV, Jayadevan R, Sashidharan S. Long COVID: An overview. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(3):869-75. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.007. Epub 2021 Apr 20. Erratum in: Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;16(5):102504.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jean Murilo Patrício da Assunção, Tomas Alisson Marques Raupp, Josete Mazon, Fernando Topanotti Tarabay
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
