Várzeas construídas como Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SbN) para readequação de rios e córregos urbanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-2275.labverde.2022.189334Palavras-chave:
Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SbN), LID, Drenagem urbana, Planejamento Urbano Adaptativo, ResiliênciaResumo
A abordagem adaptativa do planejamento urbano busca construir uma capacidade de resiliência como etapa prévia para sustentabilidade. Em sintonia, o estudo adotou as Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SbN) para propor a Readequação de rios e córregos urbanos, aliando interesses ambientais e socioeconômicos. Propôs-se assim a utilização de Sistemas de Tratamento por Várzeas Construídas (STVC). Estes congregam as funções das várzeas naturais, elementos da geomorfologia fluvial que são desconsiderados na drenagem urbana convencional, sendo otimizadas por elementos da Engenharia. Assim, como hipótese de pesquisa, considerou-se que os STVC atuariam no tratamento das águas pluviais, diminuindo a carga de poluição difusa carreada até os corpos hídricos pelo sistema convencional de drenagem. Além disso, que sua utilização também corroboraria com a retenção temporária de parte do volume escoado na bacia urbana, favorecendo sua infiltração. Logo, a proposição teve como objetivo aliar tanto o controle quantitativo como, principalmente, o qualitativo das águas urbanas, atuando como barreira protetora do ecossistema aquático. A concepção dos STVC se alinha ainda com o que propõe os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, ODS, propostos pela ONU. E, para verificação da hipótese inicial de atuação combinada quali-quantitativa, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica sobre as potencialidades da implantação de tais sistemas e a consideração do estudo de cenários. As conclusões do estudo permitem destacar o potencial, em termos da drenagem urbana sustentável, que os STVC conferem. Logo, acredita-se que um melhor detalhamento técnico, obtido pela implantação dos sistemas em escala real, pode gerar resultados que validem sua aplicação.
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