A não aquisição do status de «locais da missão»: anotações a respeito da sentença da Corte Internacional de Justiça no caso Guiné Equatorial v. França
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-8235.v116p329-368Palavras-chave:
Corte Internacional de Justiça, Guiné Equatorial v. França, Locais da missão diplomática, Consentimento do Estado acreditado, Uso efetivo dos locais, Interpretação dos tratadosResumo
Este trabalho é um comentário à sentença de mérito, da CIJ, no caso Immunités et procédures pénales (Guinée Équatoriale c. France), e, ao mesmo tempo, um estudo sobre o problema – inédito na jurisprudência internacional – que a sentença põe: a determinação do momento no qual e das modalidades pelas quais um imóvel adquire, no direito internacional, o status de «locais da missão». A sentença da Corte, que estabelece a necessidade do consentimento do Estado acreditado, é criticada. O estudo e a análise da praxe dos Estados, da Convenção de Viena sobre relações diplomáticas, da história do instituto da inviolabilidade dos locais diplomáticos e da (pouca) literatura que tem tratado o problema, demonstram que existe uma norma do direito internacional que determina que a aquisição do status de «locais da missão» se realize através do (e no momento do) simples início de uso efetivo dos locais para o exercício das funções diplomáticas. A sentença da CIJ «cria» então um requisito – o consentimento do Estado acreditado – que não existe no direito internacional, e isto determina graves potenciais problemas de contraste e coexistência entre situações de fato (reais) e situações meramente jurídico-formais.
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