Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality

Authors

  • João Gabriel Guimarães Luz Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Faculdade de Medicina
  • Danilo Bueno Naves Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
  • Amanda Gabriela de Carvalho Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Faculdade de Medicina
  • Gilvani Alves Meira Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Rondonópolis
  • João Victor Leite Dias Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri
  • Cor Jesus Fernandes Fontes Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Hospital Júlio Müller

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946201860012

Keywords:

Visceral leishmaniasis, Epidemiology, Lethality, HIV, Coinfection

Abstract

The Brazilian municipality of Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State, represents an important visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic area. This study described epidemiological and clinical aspects of the occurrence, VL/HIV coinfection and lethality related to VL in Rondonópolis. Data from autochthonous cases reported between 2011 and 2016 were obtained from official information systems. During this period, 81 autochthonous cases were reported, with decreasing incidence through 2016. Contrastingly, the lethality rate was 8.6% overall, but varied widely, reaching a peak (20%) in 2016. Almost 10% of patients had VL/HIVcoinfection. The occurrence of VL prevailed among men (56.8%), brown-skinned (49.4%), urban residents (92.6%), aged 0-4 years (33.3%). Housewives or retired (29.6%) were the most affected occupational groups. Lower age was the main difference among the total VL cases and those who were coinfected or died. Clinically, fever, weakness and splenomegaly were more frequent among all VL cases and VL/HIV coinfected individuals. Bacterial infections (p=0.001) and bleeding (p<0.001) were associated with death due to VL. Pentavalent antimonial and liposomal amphotericin B were the first choices for treatment among all VL cases (71.6%) and those who died (71.4%), respectively. VL/HIV patients were equally treated with both drugs. These findings may support control measures and demonstrate the need for further investigations.

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Published

2018-01-01

Issue

Section

Original Articles

How to Cite

Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality. (2018). Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De São Paulo, 60, e12. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946201860012