Gender disparities in rural education attainments and agricultural landownership from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): evidence from 16 Sub-Sahara African countries
Keywords:
SDGs, Sub-Sahara Africa, Gender disparity, Agricultural landownership, Rural education attainmentsAbstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between gender disparities in rural education attainments and agricultural landownership (ALO) in Sub-Sahara Africa with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) perspective.
Design/methodology/approachThis study uses SDG indicators interactions and pairwise correlation analysis.
FindingsThere is a significant negative association between gender disparities in rural education attainments and ALO in Sub-Sahara Africa. Such negative relationship is not influenced by national economic development and living standards.
Research limitations/implicationsThe data is limited with 16 Sub-Sahara African countries, and as this is an early output of a number of follow-up studies in the author’s plan, the methodology is relatively simple.
Practical implicationsReducing gender disparity in rural Sub-Sahara Africa especially in ALO requires more integrated approaches which also address other aspects of sustainable development. This is particularly the situation because of the strong male-favored customary practices in rural Sub-Sahara Africa. The prioritization of different dimensions of sustainable development is also important in Sub-Sahara Africa.
Social implicationsStrong awareness of SDGs is important. Further efforts in collecting data for and use data of sustainable development, especially the SDGs, are essential. Emerging trend of studying the interactions across SDGs reflects the future direction of relevant fields.
Originality/valueThis paper has high originality because it is an early-stage research in the SDG interactions in Sub-Sahara African countries with the perspective of gender, gender disparity, Sub-Sahara Africa, SDGs, ALO and rural education attainments. This paper has both academic and practical values because of its innovative research thoughts and policy-oriented implications.
Downloads
References
Atwood, D. A. (1990). Land registration in Africa: The impact on agricultural production. World Development, 18(5), 659–671. doi: 10.1016/0305-750X(90)90016-Q.
Brunelli, C., & Gurbuzer, Y. (2021). Methodological guideline for monitoring SDG indicator 5.a.1 – Gender parity in tenure rights over agricultural land. Data collection methods and calculation. FAO Statistics Working Paper 21-23. Rome, FAO.
Brunelli, C. (2021). Guide to 50x2030 survey tools and SDG indicator 5.a.1: Measuring gender parity in ownership and tenure rights over agricultural land. Retrieved from www.50x2030.org/sites/default/files/resources/documents/2021-09/SDG%205a1%20in%2050x2030%20final%2010.08.2021.pdf (accessed 24 December 2021).
Chigbu, U. E., Paradza, G., & Dachaga, W. (2019). Differentiations in women’s land tenure experiences: Implications for women’s land access and tenure security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Land, 8(2), 22. doi: 10.3390/land8020022.
Daniel, G. I. (2021). Modes of access to land, and Gender Related productivity gap in Burkina Faso – Policy brief. Retrieved from https://www.africaportal.org/publications/modes-access-land-and-gender-related-productivity-gap-burkina-faso-policy-brief/ (accessed 30 December 2021).
Djurfeldt, A. A. (2020). Gendered land rights, legal reform and social norms in the context of land fragmentation – A review of the literature for Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Land Use Policy, 90, 104305.
Dong, Q., Li, X., Yang, H., & Zhang, K. (2008). Gender inequality in rural education and poverty. Chinese Sociology & Anthropology, 40(4), 64–78, doi: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625400405.
Doss, C., & Meinzen-Dick, R. (2020). Land tenure security for women: a conceptual framework. Land Use Policy, 99, 105080. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105080.
Doss, C., Kovarik, C., Peterman, A., Quisumbing, A., & van den Bold, M. (2015). Gender inequalities in ownership and control of land in Africa: Myth and reality. Agricultural Economics, 46(3), 406–434. doi: 10.1111/agec.12171.
FAO (2018). Gender gap in land rights. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/i8796en/I8796EN.pdf (accessed 3 January 2022).
FAO (2021). SDG indicator metadata 5.a.1. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-0a-01.pdf (accessed 18 December 2021).
Fonjong, L., Fombe, L., & Sama-Lang, I. (2013). The paradox of gender discrimination in land ownership and women’s contribution to poverty reduction in anglophone Cameroon. GeoJournal, 78(3), 575–589. doi: 10.1007/s10708-012-9452-z.
IAEG-SDGs. (2021). Tier classification for global SDG indicators as of 29 march 2021. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/Tier%20Classification%20of%20SDG%20Indicators_29%20Mar%202021_web.pdf (accessed 27 December 2021).
Kachiwanda, S. O. (2010). Gender disparity in the acquisition of literacy in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Malawi. Journal of Humanities, 22(1), 24–43. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jh/article/view/153388
Katila, P., McDermott, C., Larson, A., Aggarwal, S., & Giessen, L. (2020). Forest tenure and the sustainable development goals – a critical view. Forest Policy and Economics, 120, 102294. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102294.
Kieran, C., Sproule, K., Quisumbing, A. R., & Doss, C. R. (2017). Gender gaps in landownership across and within households in four Asian countries. Land Economics, 93(2), 342–370. doi: 10.3368/le.93.2.342.
Kynčlová, P., Upadhyaya, S., & Nice, T. (2020). Composite index as a measure on achieving sustainable development goal 9 (SDG-9) industry-related targets: The SDG-9 index. Applied Energy, 265, 114755. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114755.
Le Blance, D. (2015). Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets. Sustainable Development, 23(3), 176–187. doi: 10.1002/sd.1582.
Liu, S. (2020). Interactions between industrial development and environmental protection dimensions of sustainable development goals (SDGs): Evidence from 40 countries with different income levels. Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies, 8(3), 60–67. doi: 10.2478/environ-2020-0018.
Liu, S. (2021). Child mortality and water stress under the framework of sustainable development goals (SDGs): Evidence from twenty developing countries. Present Environment and Sustainable Development, 15(1), 49–58. doi: 10.15551/pesd2021151004.
Liu, S. (2022). Social protection and gender inequality in using enabling technology: An analysis with the framework of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Statistics, Politics and Policy, 13(1) doi: 10.1515/spp-2021-0025.
Meinzen-Dick, R., Quisumbing, A., Doss, C., & Theis, S. (2019). Women’s land rights as a pathway to poverty reduction: Framework and review of available evidence. Agricultural Systems, 172, 72–82. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.10.009.
Muchomba, F. M. (2017). Women’s land tenure security and household human capital: Evidence from Ethiopia’s land certification. World Development, 98, 310–324. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.034.
Murphy, R. (2021). The gendered reflections of stayers in China’s migrant sending villages. Journal of Rural Studies, 88, 317–325. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.08.011.
Nishimura, M., Yamano, T., & Sasaoka, Y. (2008). Impacts of the universal primary education policy on educational attainment and private costs in rural Uganda. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(2), 161–175. doi: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.09.017.
Nnaji, A., Ratna, N., & Renwick, A. (2021). Gendered access to land and household food insecurity: Evidence from Nigeria. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 1–23.
Rena, R. (2005). Gender disparity in education – An Eritrean perspective. The Global Child Journal, 2(1), 43–49.
Santpoort, R., Steel, G., Mkandawire, A., Ntauazi, C., Faye, E. H., & Githuku, F. (2021). The land is ours: Bottom-up strategies to secure rural women’s access, control and rights to land in Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal and Malawi. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 697314. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.697314.
Tirivayi, N., Knowles, M., & Davis, B. (2016). The interaction between social protection and agriculture: A review of evidence. Global Food Security, 10, 52–62. doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2016.08.004.
UN (2016). The sustainable development goals report 2016. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2016/The%20Sustainable%20Development%20Goals%20Report%202016.pdfAccessedonDecember29,2021
UN (2021). SDG global database. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/UNSDG/IndDatabasePage (accessed 3 January 2022).
UNESCO (2021). SDG indicator metadata 4.5.1. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-05-01.pdf (accessed 18 December 2021).
UNICEF Innocenti. (2021). School principals in highly effective schools – Who are they and which good practices do they adopt? Data must speak: Positive deviance research in Lao PDR. Policy Brief. Retrieved from https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1221-school-principals-in-highly-effective-schools-who-are-they-and-which-good-practices-do-they-adopt.html (accessed 2 January 2022).
UNICEF Innocenti. (2020). Gender-responsive age-sensitive social protection: A conceptual framework. UNICEF Office of Research | Innocenti Working Paper, WP-2020-10. Florence, Italy. Retrieved from https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1116-gender-responsive-age-sensitive-social-protection-a-conceptual-framework.html
World Bank (2021). World bank open data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/ (accessed 5 December 2021).
World Bank (2022). World bank country and lending groups. Retrieved from https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups (accessed 3 January 2022).
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Management Department of the School of Economics, Management and Accounting of the University of São Paulo.
The publication of article segments is allowed, subject to prior authorization and source identification.
Copyright is regulated under Licença Creative Commons Attribution
