Hesitação vacinal e a ‘pandemia’ dos não vacinados: o que fazer para enfrentar a nova “Revolta da Vacina”?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2022.192095Palavras-chave:
Vacinas, Cobertura vacinal, Recusa de vacinação, movimento contra vacinação, Covid-19Resumo
A frequência da hesitação vacinal está aumentando em todo o mundo e, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, esse fenômeno vem sendo cada vez mais percebido no âmbito nacional. No presente trabalho, realizamos uma breve apresentação de fatores históricos desse fenômeno, abordamos seus principais determinantes e modelo conceitual, além de apresentar um conjunto de estratégias de (edu)comunicação em saúde vacinal que podem ser implementadas para enfrentamento dessa problemática com vista a elevar a credibilidade e a adesão às imunizações.
Downloads
Referências
Plotkin S. History of vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(34):12283-7.
Levi GC. Recusa de vacinas: causas e consequências. 1st ed. Segmento Farma, editor. São Paulo; 2013. 74 p.
World Health Organization. Successes in global immunisation boost progress towards MDGs [Internet]. WHO. 2008 [cited 2021 Nov 2]. Available from: https://www.gavi.org/successes-in-global-immunisation-boost-progress-towards-mdgs
Ozawa S, Clark S, Portnoy A, Grewal S, Stack ML, Sinha A, et al. Estimated economic impact of vaccinations in 73 low- and middleincome countries, 2001-2020. Bull World Health Organ. 2017 Sep 1;95(9):629-38.
Domingues CMAS, Fantinato FFST, Duarte E, Garcia LP. Vacina Brasil e estratégias de formação e desenvolvimento em imunizações. Epidemiol e Serviços Saúde. 2019;28(2).
University Of Oxford. Our World in Data. Statistics and Research Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations [Internet]. University Of Oxford; 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 1]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations.
Ministério da Saúde. COVID-19 Painel Coronavírus. Ministério da Saúde. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 1]. Available from: https://covid.saude.gov.br/.
McClure CC, Cataldi JR, O’Leary ST. Vaccine Hesitancy: Where We Are and Where We Are Going. Clin Ther. 2017 Aug 1;39(8):1550-62.
Hoffman BL, Felter EM, Chu KH, Shensa A, Hermann C, Wolynn T, et al. It’s not all about autism: The emerging landscape of anti-vaccination sentiment on Facebook. Vaccine. 2019 Apr 10;37(16):2216-23.
Puri N, Coomes EA, Haghbayan H, Gunaratne K. Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(11):2586.
Succi RC de M. Vaccine refusal - what we need to know. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018 Nov 1;94(6):574-81.
Aps LR de MM, Piantola MAF, Pereira SA, de Castro JT, Santos FA de O, Ferreira LC de S. Adverse events of vaccines and the consequences of non-vaccination: A critical review. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52.
Sevcenko N. A Revolta da Vacina. 1st ed. Vol. 1, Fundação Editora Unesp. São Paulo: Fundação Editora Unesp; 2018. 1-134 p.
Pôrto A, Ponte CF. Vaccines and campaigns: images with a story to tell. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos. 2003;10(Suppl 2):725-42.
Gagliardi J, Castro C. A Revolta da Vacina [Internet]. Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil; 2020. p. 5. Available from: https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/REVOLTA DA VACINA.pdf
Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. Retracted: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):637-41.
Camargo Jr KR de. Here we go again: the reemergence of anti-vaccine activism on the Internet. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36 2:e00037620.
Vasconcellos-Silva PR, Castiel LD, Griep RH. The media-driven risk society, the anti-vaccination movement and risk of autism. Cienc e Saude Coletiva. 2015;20(2):607-16.
Hammond J. Vaccine confidence, coverage, and hesitancy worldwide: A literature analysis of vaccine hesitancy and potential causes worldwide. Senior theses. 2020; 344.
Johnson MF, Velasquez N, Restrepo NJ, Leahy R, Gabriel N, El Oud S, et al. The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views. Nature. 2020; 582, 230-233.
Germani F, Biller-Andorno N. The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: A behavioral analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Mar 1;16(3).
World Health Organization. Ten threats to global health in 2019 [Internet]. WHO. 2019 [cited 2021 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
Arroyo LH, Ramos ACV, Yamamura M, Weiller TH, de Almeida Crispim J, Cartagena-Ramos D, et al. Areas with declining vaccination coverage for BCG, poliomyelitis, and MMR in Brazil (2006-2016): Maps of regional heterogeneity. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(4).
Ministério da Saúde. Programa Nacional de Imunização. Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações - SIPNI [Internet]. Ministério da Saúde. 2020 [cited 2021 Nov 1]. Available from: http://sipni.datasus.gov.br/si-pni-web/faces/inicio.jsf
Ministério da Saúde. Sarampo: situação epidemiológica [Internet]. 39th ed. Vol. 51, Ministério da Saúde. 2020 [cited 2021 Nov 1]. Available from: https://antigo.saude.gov.br/boletins-epidemiologicos
Burki T. The online anti-vaccine movement in the age of COVID-19. The Lancet Digital Health. 2020; 2,10,504-505.
Couto MT, Barbieri CLA, Matos CC de SA. Considerações sobre o impacto da covid-19 na relação indivíduo-sociedade: da hesitação vacinal ao clamor por uma vacina. Saúde e Soc. 2021 Mar 19;30(1).
World Health Organization. Report of the SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy. WHO. 2014.
Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS, Chaudhuri M, Zhou Y, Dube E, et al. Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The development of a survey tool. Vaccine. 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4165-75.
Nour R. A Systematic Review of Methods to Improve Attitudes Towards Childhood Vaccinations. Cureus. 2019 Jul 2;11(7).
Sato APS. What is the importance of vaccine hesitancy in the drop of vaccination coverage in Brazil? Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52.
Gellin BG, Maibach EW, Marcuse EK. Do parents understand immunizations? A national telephone survey. Pediatrics. 2000 Nov 1;106(5 I):1097-102.
Hall J, Kenny P, King M, Louviere J, Viney R, Yeoh A. Using stated preference discrete choice modelling to evaluate the introduction of varicella vaccination. Health Econ. 2002;11(5):457-65.
Wu AC, Wisler-Sher DJ, Griswold K, Colson E, Shapiro ED, Holmboe ES, et al. Postpartum mothers’ attitudes, knowledge, and trust regarding vaccination. Matern Child Health J .2008;12(6):766-73.
Luthy KE, Beckstrand RL, Callister LC. Parental hesitation in immunizing children in Utah. Public Health Nurs. 2010 Jan;27(1):25-31.
Stefanoff P, Mamelund SE, Robinson M, Netterlid E, Tuells J, Riise Bergsaker MA, et al. Tracking parental attitudes on vaccination across European countries: The Vaccine Safety, Attitudes, Training and Communication Project (VACSATC). Vaccine .2010 Aug 1;28(35):5731-7.
Van Der Weerd W, Timmermans DRM, Beaujean DJMA, Oudhoff J, Van Steenbergen JE. Monitoring the level of government trust, risk perception and intention of the general public to adopt protective measures during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health. 2011;11.
Opel DJ, Mangione-Smith R, Taylor JA, Korfiatis C, Wiese C, Catz S, et al. Development of a survey to identify vaccine-hesitant parents: The parent attitudes about childhood vaccines survey. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7(4).
Santos Júnior CJ, Costa PJMS. Adaptação transcultural e validação para o Português (Brasil) do Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccine(PACV). Cien Saude Colet. No prelo. Available from: https://bit.ly/31tROS9.
Santos Júnior CJ, Silva Júnior SN, Costa PJMS. The construction and validation of educational technology in the format of comic books in the field of immunizations: an instrument for self-care and encouraging the vaccination of children. Ciência Educ. 2021;27:2021.
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. COVID-19 Factsheets: Understanding the Infodemic and Misinformation in the fight against COVID-19 [internet]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3GLaugt.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Claudio José dos Santos Júnior, Antônio de Pádua Medeiros de Carvalho Neto, Thiago José Matos Rocha, Paulo José Medeiros de Souza Costa
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
