Prevalência e preditores de anemia na infância no estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005637

Palavras-chave:

Anemia Ferropriva, Malária, Fatores de Risco, Estudos de Coortes

Resumo

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência e os preditores de anemia na infância em um estudo de coorte de nascimentos de base populacional amazônica.
MÉTODOS: Estimou-se a prevalência de anemia materna no parto (concentração de hemoglobina [Hb] < 110 g/L) em mulheres participantes do estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil e em seus filhos, examinados nas idades um, dois (Hb < 110 g/L) e cinco anos (Hb < 115 g/L). Além disso, as concentrações de ferritina, receptor solúvel de transferrina e proteína C reativa foram medidas em mães no parto e em seus filhos de 1 e 2 anos de idade para estimar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro e sua contribuição para anemia, ajustando para potenciais fatores de confusão por análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson (risco relativo ajustado [RRa]).
RESULTADOS: As prevalências com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% de anemia materna, deficiência de ferro e anemia ferropriva no parto foram de 17,3% (14,0–21,0%), 42,6% (38,0–47,2%) e 8,7% (6,3–11,6%), respectivamente (n = 462). No primeiro ano de idade (n = 646), 42,2% (38,7–45,8%) das crianças estudadas eram anêmicas, 38,4% (34,6–42,3%) eram deficientes em ferro e 26,3 (23,0–29,9%) tinham anemia ferropriva. Aos dois anos de idade (n = 761), esses valores diminuíram para 12,8% (10,6–15,2%), 18,1% (15,5–21,1%) e 4,1% (2,8–5,7%), respectivamente; aos cinco anos de idade (n = 655), 5,2% (3,6–7,2%) eram anêmicos. A deficiência de ferro (RRa = 2,19, IC95%: 1,84–2,60) e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) (RRa = 1,56, IC95%: 1,14–2,13) foram contribuintes significantes para anemia no 1º ano de idade, após ajuste para escolaridade materna. Aos 2 anos, a anemia associou-se significativamente à anemia materna no parto (RRa = 1,67; IC95%: 1,17–2,39), malária desde o nascimento (2,25; 1,30–3,87) e deficiência de ferro (2,15; 1,47–3,15), após ajuste para idade das crianças e índice de riqueza familiar.
CONCLUSÕES: A anemia continua sendo altamente prevalente durante a gravidez e a primeira infância na Amazônia. Políticas públicas de saúde devem abordar a deficiência de ferro, o consumo de AUP, a anemia materna e a malária para prevenir e tratar a anemia em crianças amazônicas.

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Publicado

2023-11-30

Edição

Seção

Artigos Originais

Como Citar

Cardoso, M. A., Lourenço, B. H., Matijasevich, A., Castro, M. C., & Ferreira, M. U. (2023). Prevalência e preditores de anemia na infância no estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil. Revista De Saúde Pública, 57(Supl.2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005637