Hematological changes induced by industrial pollution in residents and industrial workers in Cubatão, SP (Brazil)

Abstract

Blood samples from 496 people living or working in Cubatão, SP, Brazil, a city with high levels of industrial pollution, were analysed in order to verify hematological changes induced by industrial pollution. Citological studies of erythrocytes showed that 188 people (38%) had hematological changes, single or compound. Of the total sample 26% had polychromatophilic red cells, 24% had basophilic stippling, 15% had Heinz bodies, and 8% had reticulocytosis. The frequencies of methemoglobinemia and sulfohemoglobinemia were; respectively, 35% and 32% in inhabitants of vila Parisi a township in the neighbourhood of Cubatão surrounded by various industries; 15% and 5% in industrial workers, and 12% and 4% inhabitants that live between 3 and 8 km from the industrial complex. These results indicate that the hematological changes are caused by toxi-oxidant polluents and that the physio-pathological consequences in the blood of the population of Cubatão show a direct relationship to exposure time and to proximity to the sites of origin of the polluents.