Marxismo e evolução: alegações para a retomada de um programa de pesquisa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-2070201527Resumo
Assim como a maioria das teorias das ciências sociais, a teoria de Marx é uma teoria da evolução. Marx distingue a evolução histórica relativa às lutas de classes da lógica evolucionária do sistema capitalista. Contudo, ele não traça uma distinção clara entre trabalho e interação: tende, assim, a subordinar a luta de classes à lógica do capital. Apesar de explicar as grandes revoluções como revoluções jurídicas, o precedente conceitual para o primado da economia impede que ele compreenda corretamente o papel fundamental do direito para a evolução da sociedade moderna. Embora Marx tenha reconhecido corretamente o nexo interno de diferenciação funcional e formação de classe, ele tende a reduzir tal nexo ao subsistema econômico; embora descreva a sociedade moderna como uma sociedade do mercado mundial, da literatura universal e das revoluções mundiais, ele carece de um conceito de sociedade mundial e mantém ainda uma perspectiva eurocêntrica do mundo. Se corrigirmos esses equívocos, o marxismo ainda é a melhor teoria para esclarecer a evolução social à luz de mudanças práticas.
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