O arranjo cultural: capital, gênero e os tempos de estudos americanos

Autores

  • Stephen Shapiro University of Warwick

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/va.i40.173472

Palavras-chave:

Literatura mundial, Literatura comprada, Teoria literária

Resumo

Franco Moretti (2005) afirma que as formas narrativas a que chamamos de gêneros têm longevidades perceptíveis, devido ao seu uso relativo e valor de troca como mercadorias culturais. Concentrando-se no romance europeu pós-1800, ele argumenta que gêneros específicos têm um ciclo de vida de cerca de 25-30 anos antes de sua eficácia no mercado se desgastar. Por que, no entanto, os gêneros não apenas têm um padrão ondulatório de ascensão e queda, mas também diminuem (ou reaparecem) em aglomerados em pontos de inflexão, como "final de 1760, início de 1790, final de 1820, 1850, início de 1870 e meados da década de 1880”? Esse movimento em grupo significa, para Moretti, a presença de uma “explicação causal [que] deve ser externa aos gêneros e comum a todos: como uma mudança repentina e total de seu ecossistema. Ou seja, uma mudança em seu público. Livros sobrevivem se são lidos e desaparecem se não o são: e quando todo um sistema genérico desaparece de uma vez, a explicação mais provável é que seus leitores desapareceram de uma vez ”. O desaparecimento de gêneros agregados marca o tempo de vida de uma "geração", uma duração do "clima mental" particular dos leitores.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Biografia do Autor

  • Stephen Shapiro, University of Warwick

    I teach on the English and Comparative Literary Studies program. Born and raised in New York State, my first degree was in Chemistry. After deciding that my future did not rest in refluxing organic solutions, I went to graduate school in English. During that time I studied at the Department of Cultural Studies (Birmingham University, England) and briefly researched at the Gramsci Institute in Rome. Returning to the US, I worked as a graphic designer, had some art installations exhibited, and became involved in AIDS activism (see the web site initially created by me: www.actupny.org). Destiny brought me back to the Midlands.

    Before joining Warwick, I taught at Harvard University, the New School, and John Jay College for Criminal Justice (CUNY). I have also been a Fulbright scholar at the University of Saarland, Germany (1997-98). In 2008-09, I was a Royal Shakespeare Company/Capital Fellow in Creativity and Performance. In 2010, a visiting Professor at the University of California, Irvine and in 2015 back at Irvine as an University of California Humanities Research Institute fellow. During 2021-22, I will be a fellow at the Käte Hamburger Centre for Apocalyptic and Post-apocalyptic Studies at the University of Heidelberg.

Referências

BERCOVITCH, Sacvan and Myra JEHLEN, eds. Ideolo-gy and classic American literature. Cambridge: Cam-bridge University Press, 1988.

DAVIDSON, Neil. Uneven and combined develop-ment: modernity, modernism, revolution. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/84340602.pdf. Accessed 1 June 2019.

DAVIS, David Brion. Some themes of counter-subver-sion: An analysis of anti-Masonic, anti-Catholic, and anti-Mormon literature. The Mississippi Valley Histori-cal Review 47(2): 20524, 1960.

DECKARD, Sharae, and Stephen SHAPIRO. World li-terature, neoliberalism, and the culture of discontent. New York: Palgrave, 2019.

DENNING, Michael. Mechanic accents: Dime novels and working-class culture in America London: Verso, 1987.

DENNING, Michael. The cultural front: The laboring of American culture in the twentieth century. 2nd ed. London: Verso 2011.

FEIDELSON, Charles. Symbolism and American litera-ture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953.

GRAMSCI, Antonio. Selections from the Prison Note-books. Trans. Q. Hoare and G.N. Smith. New York: In-ternational Publishers, 1971.

HARVEY, David. The limits to capital. Oxford: Bla-ckwell, 1982.

HARVEY, David. Paris, capital of modernity. New York: Routledge. Hofstadter, Richard. 1954–1955.

HOFSTADTER, Richard. The pseudo-conservative re-volt. The American Scholar 24(1): 9–27, 2003.

HOFSTADTER, Richard. The paranoid style of American politics. Harper’s Magazine November: 77–86, 1964a.

HOFSTADTER, Richard. The paranoid style in Ame-rican politics and other essays. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964b.

JAMESON, Fredric. 1979. Reification and utopia in mass culture. Social Text 1: 130–48, 1979.

KUKLICK, Bruce. Myth and symbol in American Stu-dies. American Quarterly 24: 435–450, 1972.

LEWIS, R. W. B. The American Adam: Innocence, tra-gedy, and tradition in the nineteenth century. Chica-go: University of Chicago Press, 1955.

LUXEMBURG, Rosa. The accumulation of capital. Trans. A. Schwarzschild. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951.

MARX, Karl. Le Capital. Paris: Gallimard, 1963.

MARX, Karl. Capital. New York: International Publishers, 1967.

MARX, Karl. Capital: Volume 2. Trans. D. Fernbach. London: Penguin, 1978.

MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen ökonomie. Erster band Hamburg 1890. Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1991.

MARX, Karl. Le Capital. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1993.

MARX, Leo. The machine in the garden: Technology and the pastoral ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

MORETTI, Franco. Graphs, maps, trees: Abstract mo-dels for literary history.London: Verso, 2005.

ROGIN, Michael Paul. Ronald Reagan, the movie and other episodes in political demonology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

SANFORD, Charles L. The quest for paradise: Europe and the American moral imagination. Urbana: Univer-sity of Illinois Press, 1961.

SHAPIRO, Stephen. The culture and commerce of the early American novel:Reading the Atlantic world-system. University Park: Penn State University Press.Shapiro, Stephen. 2008b. Transvaal, Transylvania: Dracula’s world-system and Gothic periodicity. Gothic Studies 10 (1): 29–47, 2008.

SHAPIRO, Stephen. The Weird’s World-system: The long spiral and literarycultural studies. Paradoxa 28: 256–277, 2016.

SHAPIRO, Stephen. The culture of realignment: Enli-ghtened and ‘I can’t breathe’. In Navigating the trans-national in modern American literature and culture: Axes of influence, eds. Doug Haynes and Tara Stubbs: 141–161. London: Routledge, 2017a.

SHAPIRO, Stephen. The cultural fix: Social labor--power and capital’s long spiral. In Ecologies, technics, & civilizations I: Capitalism’s ecologies, MOORE, Jason W. and D.C. GILDEA, eds. Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2020.

SHAPIRO, Stephen and Philip Barnard. Pentecostal modernism: Lovecraft, Los Angeles, and world-sys-tems culture. London: Bloomsbury, 2017b.

SMITH, Henry N. Virgin land: The American West as symbol and myth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950.

TRACHTENBERG, Alan. Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and symbol. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.

WARD, John William. Andrew Jackson: symbol for an age. New York: Oxford University Press, 1953.

WARWICK RESEARCH COLLECTIVE (WReC). Combi-ned and Uneven Development: Towards a New Theory of World-Literature. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015.

Downloads

Publicado

2021-12-06

Edição

Seção

Dossiê 40: A Literatura-Mundial e o Sistema-Mundial Moderno

Como Citar

SHAPIRO, Stephen. O arranjo cultural: capital, gênero e os tempos de estudos americanos. Via Atlântica, São Paulo, v. 22, n. 2, p. 73–115, 2021. DOI: 10.11606/va.i40.173472. Disponível em: https://www.revistas.usp.br/viaatlantica/article/view/173472.. Acesso em: 24 abr. 2024.